Download or read book Political organizations data disclosure and IRS s oversight of organizations should be improved written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 527 Organizations written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 109th Congress is examining the role of groups organized under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) that are involved in federal elections, but are not operating under the requirements and restrictions of federal election law. While such groups only recently emerged into public awareness, in 2004, they were widely seen as major players in the presidential election, with more than $400 million spent seeking to influence the outcome. Strictly speaking, the term "527" refers to a section of the Internal Revenue Code, which was added in 1975 to provide tax-exempt status to federal, state, and local political organizations, as defined in that statute. While most 527s operating today are also political committees operating under federal and state election law, certain groups with 527 status are arguably not being so regulated because their public communications do not contain express advocacy language which had generally been held to be the standard for election law regulation. The controversy over these 527 groups arises from two factors: the different definitions used in federal election law and tax law as to what constitutes election-related activity and, further, the lack of certainty as to what election law itself regulates or may permissibly regulate. Eight bills have been proposed in the 109th Congress to address the 527 issue: H.R. 471, H.R. 513, H.R. 914, H.R. 1316, H.R. 1942, H.R. 2204, S. 271, and S. 1053. Two of these -- S. 1053 (McCain-Feingold-Lott) and H.R. 1316 (PenceWynn) -- have been ordered reported by the respective Senate and House committees. These bills reflect vastly different approaches to the 527 issue and to campaign finance regulation in general. This report will be updated as further developments so warrant.
Download or read book Section 527 Political Organizations written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress has been examining the role of groups organized under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) that are involved in federal elections, but are not operating under the requirements and restrictions of federal election law. Such groups were especially prominent players in the 2004 presidential election, raising and spending some $435 million and being widely seen as having an impact on the outcome of the race. In so doing, they triggered concerns about circumvention of federal election law and the continued role of soft money in federal elections, even after enactment of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA). Section 527, added to the IRC in 1975, provides tax-exempt status to federal, state, and local political organizations. At first, it was generally thought that, with respect to federal election activities, political organizations correlated directly with political committees as defined under the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA). It became clear by 2000, however, that this was not necessarily true. This is because prevailing judicial interpretation of Supreme Court precedent has permitted FECA regulation of only those communications containing express advocacy (i.e., explicit terms urging the election or defeat of clearly-identified federal candidates). By avoiding such terms, groups could arguably promote their issue positions in reference to particular federal elected officials without triggering FECA's disclosure, contribution limits, and source restrictions. At the same time, the groups qualified for the favorable tax treatment of Section 527 organizations because that benefit is not limited to groups that conduct express advocacy. In 2002, BCRA addressed express advocacy, but regulated only messages broadcast within 30 days of a primary or 60 days of a general election that referred to a federal office candidate. BCRA left unregulated such areas as broadcasts prior to the end of an election and voter mobilization efforts. Groups wishing to engage in these activities and still avail themselves of the unlimited funding sources no longer available to political parties generally qualify for tax-exempt status under IRC Section 527. Supporters of BCRA have led the effort to extend federal election law regulation to these types of 527 organizations, seeing the enormous amounts of money raised and spent in recent years as a result of the FEC's failure to enforce existing law. BCRA critics, however, insist that what occurred since 2004 was the predictable result of the ban on soft money activity by national parties, thus redirecting massive amounts of unregulated money to outside groups that are less accountable to the political system; they insist that many of these groups not engaging in express advocacy cannot be constitutionally regulated. In the 109th Congress, the House twice passed similar measures to add 527 political organizations to FECA's definition of political committee, unless involved exclusively in state and local elections. The Senate Rules and Administration Committee reported a similar measure, but the Senate did not act on it. Similar bills have been offered in the 110th Congress. This report explores the evolution of the 527 issue and attempts to address it in the courts, the Federal Election Commission, and Congress. It will be updated periodically to reflect further developments.
Download or read book 527 Organizations written by Marie B. Morris and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virtually all political organizations are "section 527" political organizations, which means that they are tax-exempt. 527 organizations are created to influence the election or defeat of public officials. This report compares the tax and election laws relating to political organizations and political committees prior to the enactment of P.L. 106-230 in an attempt to highlight the differences between them, and discusses some of the proposals in the 106th Congress to require additional reporting by organizations engaging in political activities. This report does not address the taxation of other tax-exempt organizations making political expenditures taxable under IRC § 527.
Download or read book 527 Organizations written by Marie B. Morris and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Super PACs written by Louise I. Gerdes and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The passage of Citizens United by the Supreme Court in 2010 sparked a renewed debate about campaign spending by large political action committees, or Super PACs. Its ruling said that it is okay for corporations and labor unions to spend as much as they want in advertising and other methods to convince people to vote for or against a candidate. This book provides a wide range of opinions on the issue. Includes primary and secondary sources from a variety of perspectives; eyewitnesses, scientific journals, government officials, and many others.
Download or read book Political Organizations Under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political organizations have the primary purpose of influencing federal, state, or local elections and conducting similar activities. Those that qualify under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code are taxed only on certain income. Under the Code, 527 organizations are subject to reporting requirements that involve registration, the periodic disclosure of contributions and expenditures, and the annual filing of tax returns. Section 527 organizations must also comply with applicable campaign finance laws. This report will briefly describe these organizations and the reporting requirements they face under the Code. The report will be updated as events warrant.
Download or read book 527 Organizations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On July 1, 2000, President Clinton signed H.R. 4762, P.L. 106-230. The law amended the Internal Revenue Code [IRC] to require political organizations described in IRC ¤ 527 to disclose their political activities, if they were not already required to do so by the Federal Election Campaign Act [FECA]. This report summarizes the three major changes made by the law and some of the major responses to the legislation. First, all 527 organizations which expect to have over $25,000 in gross receipts during a taxable year and which are not required to report to the Federal Election Commission [FEC] are required to register with the IRS within 24 hours of their formation, whether they are involved in state, local, or federal elections. Second, 527 issue advocacy organizations, which previously reported neither to the IRS nor the FEC, are required to file regular disclosure statements with the IRS. Third, all 527 organizations with gross receipts in excess of $25,000 per year are required to file annual reports with the IRS. The registration statements, disclosure forms, and annual reports will be made public. H.R. 527 and S. 527 in the 107th Congress would exempt most state and local 527 organizations from the requirements of P.L. 106-230.
Download or read book Hearing on the Regulation of 527 Organizations written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on House Administration and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hearing on Federal Election Commission and 527 Groups written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on House Administration and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Political Organizations Under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code written by Erika Lunder and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Political Organizations Under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code written by Erika Lunder and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 527 Organizations and Campaign Activity written by Erika K Lunder and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 527 Political Organizations written by Joseph E. Cantor and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unfit For Command written by John E. O'Neill and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2004-08-25 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What sort of combination of hypocrite and paradox is John Kerry?" asks this heated critique of the Democratic presidential candidate’s Vietnam–era military service and antiwar activism. O’Neill, a lawyer and swift boat veteran, and Corsi, an expert on Vietnam antiwar movements, show how Kerry misrepresented his wartime exploits and is therefore incompetent to serve as commander in chief. Buttressed by interviews with Navy veterans who patrolled Vietnam’s waters, some along with Kerry, readers will discover how he exaggerated minor injuries, self-inflicted others, wrote fictitious diary entries and filed "phony" reports of his heroism under fire—all in a calculated quest to secure career-enhancing combat medals.
Download or read book Nonprofit Organizations written by Marilyn E. Phelan and published by West Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlights of this casebook include: 1.) 2006 Pension Protection Act amendments to the Internal Revenue Code as they relate to tax exempt organizations. 2.) Coverage of corporate governance to include a discussion of the standards of care and loyalty applicable to directors and trustees of nonprofit organizations as well as the means to enforce fiduciary obligations. 3.) Coverage of the tax law relating to all nonprofit organizations to include the means to obtain and maintain tax exempt status, public charity versus private foundation status for 501(c)(3) organizations, tax treatment of donations, and UBIT. 4.) Individual chapters on churches, schools, hospitals, social clubs, trade and professional organizations, political organizations, and homeowners' associations. The individual chapters address the taxation of these nonprofits; First Amendment constraints, political activities, and issues relating to property ownership and member liability for religious organizations; reorganization of nonprofit hospitals as well as challenges to tax exempt status of nonprofit hospitals; cy pres and doctrine of deviation; right of association; application of antitrust provisions to nonprofits; and bipartisan campaign reform as it applies to 527 organizations
Download or read book Hearing on the Regulation of 527 Organizations written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing on the regulation of 527 organizations : hearing before the Committee on House Administration, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, hearing held in Washington, DC, April 20, 2005.
