Download or read book 3 D Seismic Processing in Crystalline Rocks Using the Common Reflection Surface Stack written by Khawar Ashfaq Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 3D Seismic Survey Design written by Gijs J. O. Vermeer and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the properties of 3D acquisition geometries and shows how they naturally lead to the 3D symmetric sampling approach to 3D survey design. Many examples are used to illustrate choices of acquisition parameters, and the link between survey parameters and noise suppression as well as imaging is an intrinsic part of the contents.
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Interpretation written by M. Bacon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-10-18 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3-D seismic data have become the key tool used in the petroleum industry to understand the subsurface. In addition to providing excellent structural images, the dense sampling of a 3-D survey makes it possible to map reservoir quality and the distribution of oil and gas. Topics covered in this book include basic structural interpretation and map-making; the use of 3-D visualisation methods; interpretation of seismic amplitudes, including their relation to rock and fluid properties; and the generation and use of AVO and acoustic impedance datasets. This new paperback edition includes an extra appendix presenting new material on novel acquisition design, pore pressure prediction from seismic velocity, elastic impedance inversion, and time lapse seismics. Written by professional geophysicists with many years' experience in the oil industry, the book is indispensable for geoscientists using 3-D seismic data, including graduate students and new entrants into the petroleum industry.
Download or read book On the Determination and Use of Kinematic Wavefield Attributes for 3D Seismic Imaging written by Steffen Bergler and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades a lot of effort has been directed towards methods that have the potential to succeed in imaging complex 3D subsurface structures from multi-coverage seismic data. The necessity of an estimate for the wave propagation velocities, required for transforming the data from the time domain to the depth domain, poses one of the fundamental problems in seismic imaging. Inadequate velocity models distort the final depth image. So-called data-oriented approaches are a class of imaging methods that avoid the explicit parameterisation of a velocity model in the first imaging steps. Instead, the data-oriented approaches parameterise the reflection events in the time domain and try to obtain as much information as possible from the measured data. The extracted information is then used to transform the seismic data into depth. The common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack is one of the data-oriented imaging approaches. This method makes use of second-order traveltime approximations in order to describe seismic reflection events in the time domain. For the processing of data from a 3D acquisition, the traveltime equations can be used as stacking operators to simulate a zero-offset (ZO) volume of high accuracy and high signal-to-noise ratio from multi-coverage prestack data. During the stack, reflection energy from the entire five-dimensional data hyper-volume enters into the construction of one ZO sample. The eight parameters, which express the traveltime approximation for the ZO case, relate to kinematic wavefield attributes. These locally describe the propagation directions and curvatures of specific wavefronts at the Earth's surface which have travelled through the subsurface. Thus, the kinematic wavefield attributes constitute integral quantities of the medium's parameters and are suitable to estimate the properties of the Earth's interior. The accurate determination of the wavefield attributes is, therefore, a crucial step in the CRS processing. In this thesis the derivation of the traveltime approximations is presented. The kinematic wavefield attributes are introduced by means of concepts known from geometrical optics. The determination of the eight kinematic wavefield attributes for the ZO case from 3D multi-coverage seismic data is elaborated. The applications of the attributes to support and facilitate 3D seismic imaging are discussed. In this context emphasis is put on the utilisation of the kinematic wavefield attributes for the 3D CRS stack. The proposed search algorithms are validated on a synthetic data example and have shown to be successful. Finally, the 3D CRS stack is applied to a real marine dataset. In this way the functionality of the search algorithms on complex data is verified. Moreover, the imaging quality of the 3D CRS stack is checked by migrating the simulated ZO volume to depth and comparing the obtained result with the result from a prestack depth migration. The comparison shows that the CRS based result is competitive to the result of the prestack depth migration. Thus, CRS based imaging is an alternative to prestack depth migration due to the good imaging quality and also due to the provided information in form of the kinematic wavefield attributes.
Download or read book Seismic Reflection Processing written by S.K. Upadhyay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic Reflection Processing coherently presents the physical concepts, mathematical details and methodology for optimizing results of reservoir modelling, under conditions of isotropy and anisotropy. The most common form of anisotropy - transverse isotropy - is dealt with in detail. Besides, practical aspects in reservoir engineering - such as interval isotropic or anisotropic properties of layered media; identifying lithology, pore-fluid types and saturation; and determining crack/fracture-orientations and density - form the core of discussions. This book incorporates significant new developments in isotropic and anisotropic reflection processing, while organizing them to improve the interpretation of seismic reflection data and optimizing the modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs. It is written primarily as a reference and tutorial for graduate/postgraduate students and research workers in geophysics.
Download or read book Seismic Data Analysis written by Özdoğan Yilmaz and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 2065 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding the author's original work on processing to include inversion and interpretation, and including developments in all aspects of conventional processing, this two-volume set is a comprehensive and complete coverage of the modern trends in the seismic industry - from time to depth, from 3D to 4D, from 4D to 4C, and from isotropy to anisotropy.
Download or read book Concepts and Applications in 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo Biondi and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a broad and intuitive understanding of seismic-imaging concepts and methods to enable geoscientists to make appropriate decisions during acquisition, processing, imaging, and interpretation, this book shows trends in imaging research and encourages the adoption of new technologies to facilitate the optimal use of these images.
Download or read book 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo Biondi and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM includes PDF slides for teaching the material in the book and the C3-narrow-azimuth classic data set.
Download or read book Interpretation of Three Dimensional Seismic Data Seventh Edition written by Alistair R. Brown and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2011-08-20 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardcover plus DVD
Download or read book 3D 4D and Predictive Modelling of Major Mineral Belts in Europe written by Pär Weihed and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the results of the major EU project Promine. For the first time there is now a European database available on mineral deposits, as well as 3D, 4D and predictive models of major mineral belts in Europe: Fennoscandia (Skellefteå and Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi), the Fore-Sudetic basin (Kupferschiefer deposits in Poland and Germany), the Hellenic belt in northern Greece, and the Iberian Pyrite belt and Ossa Morena zone in Spain and Portugal. The book also describes the modelling techniques applied and how different types of software are used for three- and four-dimensional modelling. Furthermore, fundamental descriptions of how to build the database structure of three-dimensional geological data are provided and both 2D and 3D predictive models are presented for the main mineral belts of Europe.
Download or read book Processing and Imaging of Reflection Seismic Data from Crystalline Rock Terranes written by Ji Soo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Exploration written by Robert J. Graebner and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3D seismic method evolved as a natural outgrowth of 2D seismic exploration. This reprint volume attempts to chronicle both the evolution and the state-of-the-art of the 3D seismic method. Papers selected for this volume sample the literature from the early 1970s through 1998. They were drawn primarily from Geophysics, Geophysical Prospecting, The Leading Edge, and First Break. From these journals and publications alone, more than 200 candidate articles were identified dealing with some aspect of 3D seismic exploration. Selection criteria included historical significance, tutorial value, novelty, theoretical importance, practicality, and cost-benefit analysis. The papers are arranged chronologically. The papers in this volume and their rich reference lists cover virtually all of the relevant work on exploration 3D through 1998. The chapters are "The Early Work," "3-D Field Methods," "3-D Processing Imaging," "3-D Case Histories/Interpretation," "Shallow 3-D Seismic Methods," and "3-D Economics."
Download or read book Application of Seismic Interferometry to Imaging a Crystalline Rock Environment at an Active VMS Mine in Flin Flon Manitoba Canada written by Eric Alexander Roots and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic interferometry is a technique by which the Green's function or impulse response between two receivers is recovered through the cross-correlation of the transmission responses recorded by those receivers. This technique has found several applications, including the generation of virtual shot gathers from ambient seismic noise for use in seismic reflection processing. In March of 2013, 336 receivers were deployed over the volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit found at the Lalor mine in Manitoba, Canada. Approximately 300 hours of ambient seismic noise was recorded for the purpose of testing the effectiveness of seismic interferometry in imaging a crystalline rock environment. A time-domain beamforming algorithm was implemented to determine the locations of the sources present during recording. The results indicate that the vast majority of the recorded noise originated from mine and ventilation shafts located at the Lalor mine. Synthetic experiments were conducted to determine the effects such a source distribution would have on the application of seismic interferometry in the presence of dipping reflectors. The experiments show that if sources are located only on one side of a receiver line, the dip and lateral extents of reflectors will not be imaged properly. A technique involving beamforming and F-K filtering was developed to remove surface wave noise originating from near-field sources. Using this technique, the raw data was processed into virtual shot gathers free of surface wave noise. Virtual shot gathers were generated along 4 of the receiver lines and processed as separate 2-D reflection datasets. The resulting reflection profiles are compared against coincident DMO-stacked data from a larger 3-D active seismic survey conducted over the Lalor mine. Using this comparison in conjunction with knowledge of the local geology, events recovered in the passive reflection profiles are interpreted as either real reflections or spurious events, and possible explanations of their origin are given.
Download or read book Geophysics and Geosequestration written by Thomas L. Davis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the geophysical techniques and analysis methods for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage for researchers and industry practitioners.
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Interpretation written by Bruce S. Hart and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3-D seismic technology is spreading out beyond the domain of the petroleum industry. The environmental and mining industries and academic groups are collecting and interpreting 3-D seismic data. Increasing numbers of geologists (often with little or no geophysical training) are being exposed to the technology, or results derived therefrom. Despite this interest, there are few opportunities for the practicing geologists (or engineer) to become acquainted with 3-D seismic technology at the appropriate level. This course is an attempt to fill that gap.
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Imaging of Complex Structures in Near Surface Deposits written by Hamid Reza Siahkoohi and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important methods of investigating the geological structure of sedimentary rocks is controlled source reflection seismology. Reflection seismology has traditionally focussed largely on petroleum exploration problems, i.e., imaging formations in consolidated sedimentary rocks at depths in the range 0.1-10 km. However, hydrogeological investigations and large engineering enterprises also may require detailed pictures of subsurface structure, but in relatively unconsolidated surficial sediments at typical depths of 3-100 m. If subsurface structures are not too complex, relatively simple two dimensional (2-D) seismic profiling methods can provide detailed cross-sections of the lithological stratigraphy and structure. But, as has been well demonstrated in petroleum exploration, three dimensional (3-D) surveying methods are required to obtain an accurate picture of complex structures. Nowadays, especially in areas of former glaciation, increasing efforts are being placed on using 2-D seismology to obtain detailed images of near-surface geology in connection with groundwater, waste disposal, and engineering projects. But, although results are very gratifying in some respects, the resolution of very local structures by 2-D seismic surveys has been insufficient to identify possible hydrogeological, and engineering problems. It is natural to consider whether 3-D seismic surveying in shallow environment might yield beneficial results similar to those it provides in petroleum seismology (always presuming that survey cost can be restrained). To address this question, I have investigated the imaging capability of 3-D multi-fold high-resolution reflection seismology in near-surface complex deposits and designed a form of three-dimensional seismology suitable for hydrogeological, geotechnical and other similar surficial exploration purposes. A test 3-D survey was carried out successfully and its results surpassed expectations in several ways. The survey was relatively easy to carry out using standard engineering scale seismic equipment and a 3-4 person crew. It provided a cube of stacked data with fairly high dominant frequency ($\sim$300 Hz) covering a subsurface volume of 220 x 220 x 200 meters with a trace bin of 3 x 3 meters. In addition to the reflectivity image, the survey provided a velocity model to $
Download or read book Seismic Amplitude written by Rob Simm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces practical seismic analysis techniques and evaluation of interpretation confidence, for graduate students and industry professionals - independent of commercial software products.
