Download or read book 2D and 3D Seismic Imaging by Partial Time Migration and Demigration written by Yan Yang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concepts and Applications in 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo Biondi and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a broad and intuitive understanding of seismic-imaging concepts and methods to enable geoscientists to make appropriate decisions during acquisition, processing, imaging, and interpretation, this book shows trends in imaging research and encourages the adoption of new technologies to facilitate the optimal use of these images.
Download or read book 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo Biondi and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM includes PDF slides for teaching the material in the book and the C3-narrow-azimuth classic data set.
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Survey Design Via Modeling and Reverse Time Migration written by Suleyman Coskun and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic forward modeling studies are required for adequately imaging complex geological structures, such as folds, faults, and domes. Many U.S. Gulf Coast salt domes are used for oil and gas exploration, brine production, and underground hydrocarbon storage. For this reason, it is crucial to image the flank of the salt domes and surrounding sediments. Allied Geophysical Laboratories (AGL) carried out a 2-D seismic study in the Texas Brine Company facility to image the Pierce Junction salt dome. However, we were not able to image the salt flanks because of improper survey design. This led to the current study which proposes a 2-D and a 3-D seismic survey design using modeling and Reverse Time Migration (RTM) imaging. We gathered original 2-D seismic, topography, and gravity data to build 2-D and 3-D velocity models of the Pierce Junction salt dome area. We processed the original 2-D data and extracted the velocities of the cap rock and near surface sediments for use in velocity models. We modelled gravity data collected in a north-south direction and performed analyses on the synthetic seismic data to determine new 2-D conventional seismic survey parameters that could be achieved with the limited acquisition equipment of AGL. We modeled synthetic shot gathers by a finite difference method using the full (two-way) acoustic wave equation, and generated seismic images using the Reverse Time Migration (RTM) method. We determined the optimum parameters of the new 2-D seismic survey by reviewing the quality of the results. These parameters were able to adequately image the salt dome and its surrounding sediments. We then modified the 2-D parameters for a new 3-D survey, and obtained synthetic RTM images based on the 3-D velocity model. Optimal 2-D and 3-D seismic survey designs for the Pierce Junction salt dome area were achieved using seismic modeling and RTM imaging. We found RTM imaging to be a novel and powerful method for determining seismic survey parameters for complex geological structures.
Download or read book Model based Depth Imaging written by Stuart Fagin and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 1998 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an informal review of the principle techniques and issues associated with prestack depth imaging. The intended audience for this book would be those seismic interpreters, processors, managers, and explorationists who require basic familiarity with the technology that has so greatly expanded the range of geologic structures that can be successfully imaged. The emphasis of the book is on velocity-model building techniques that are the key to successful depth imaging.
Download or read book 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo L. Biondi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seismic Imaging and Inversion Volume 1 written by Robert H. Stolt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the use of inverse scattering theory in seismic imaging for seismic processing practitioners and theoretical geophysicists.
Download or read book Seismic Imaging with Elastic Reverse Time Migration written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Migration Imaging of the Transient Electromagnetic Method written by Xiu Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-15 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on more than a decade of research the authors have pursued on the pseudo-seismic migration imaging of the transient electromagnetic method, and provides a series of important findings on the theory and applications in this area. It present and analyzes transforming principles, TEM wave field methods, characteristics of the TEM virtual wave field and studies on many significant related technologies. The coverage is supplemented by a wealth of 1-D, 2-D and 3-D figures to illustrate pseudo-seismic theory. The book offers a valuable resource for teachers, students, researchers and engineers in the fields of geophysics, earth exploration and information technology.
Download or read book Prestack Depth Migration and Velocity Model Building written by Ian Frederick Jones and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compilation of material published 1983-2004.
Download or read book Seismic Migration written by A. J. Berkhout and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic Migration: Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation derives the migration theory from first principles. This book also obtains a formulated forward modeling and migration theory by introducing the propagation matrices and the scattering matrix. The book starts by presenting the basic results from vector analysis, such as the scalar product, gradient, curl, and divergence. It also describes the theorem of Stokes, theorem of Gause and the Green's theorem. The book also deals with discrete spectral analysis, two-dimensional Fourier theory and plane wave analysis. It also describes the wave theory, including the plane waves and k-f diagram, spherical waves, and cylindrical waves. This book explores the forward problem and the inward problem of the wave field extrapolation, as well as the modeling by wave field extrapolation. Furthermore, the book explains the migration in the wave number-frequency domain. It also includes the summation approach and finite-difference approach to migration, as well as a comparison between the different approaches to migration. Finally, the book offers the limits of lateral resolution as the last chapter.
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Interpretation written by M. Bacon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-08-21 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Download or read book 3D downward Extrapolation of Seismic Data in Particular by Finite Difference Methods written by Dietrich Ristow and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seismic Modeling and Imaging in Complex Media Using Low rank Approximation written by Junzhe Sun and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic imaging in geologically complex areas, such as sub-salt or attenuating areas, has been one of the greatest challenges in hydrocarbon exploration. Increasing the fidelity and resolution of subsurface images will lead to a better understanding of geological and geomechanical properties in these areas of interest. Wavefield time extrapolation is the kernel of wave-equation-based seismic imaging algorithms, known as reverse-time migration. In exploration seismology, traditional ways for solving wave equations mainly include finite-difference and pseudo-spectral methods, which in turn involve finite-difference approximation of spatial or temporal derivatives. These approximations may lead to dispersion artifacts as well as numerical instability, therefore imposing a strict limit on the sampling intervals in space or time. This dissertation aims at developing a general framework for wave extrapolation based on fast application of Fourier integral operators (FIOs) derived from the analytical solutions to wave equations. The proposed methods are theoretically immune to dispersion artifacts and numerical instability, and are therefore desirable for applications to seismic imaging. First, I derive a one-step acoustic wave extrapolation operator based on the analytical solution to the acoustic wave equation. The proposed operator can incorporate anisotropic phase velocity, angle-dependent absorbing boundary conditions and further improvements in phase accuracy. I also investigate the numerical stability of the method using both theoretical derivations and numerical tests. Second, to model wave propagation in attenuating media, I use a visco-acoustic dispersion relation based on a constant-Q wave equation with decoupled fractional Laplacians, which allows for separable control of amplitude loss and velocity dispersion. The proposed formulation enables accurate reverse-time migration with attenuation compensation. Third, to further improve numerical stability of Q-compensation, I introduce stable Q-compensation operators based on amplitude spectrum scaling and smooth division. Next, for applications to least-squares RTM (LSRTM) and full-waveform inversion, I derive the adjoint operator of the low-rank one-step wave extrapolation method using the theory of non-stationary filtering. To improve the convergence rate of LSRTM in attenuating media, I propose Q-compensated LSRTM by replacing the adjoint operator in LSRTM with Q-compensated RTM. Finally, I extend the low-rank one-step wave extrapolation method to general elastic anisotropic media. Using the idea of eigenvalue decomposition and matrix exponential, I study the relationship between wave propagation and wave-mode decomposition. To handle the case of strong heterogeneity, I incorporate gradients of stiffnesses in wave extrapolation. Numerous synthetic examples in both 2D and 3D are used to test the practical application and accuracy of the proposed approaches.
Download or read book On the Determination and Use of Kinematic Wavefield Attributes for 3D Seismic Imaging written by Steffen Bergler and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades a lot of effort has been directed towards methods that have the potential to succeed in imaging complex 3D subsurface structures from multi-coverage seismic data. The necessity of an estimate for the wave propagation velocities, required for transforming the data from the time domain to the depth domain, poses one of the fundamental problems in seismic imaging. Inadequate velocity models distort the final depth image. So-called data-oriented approaches are a class of imaging methods that avoid the explicit parameterisation of a velocity model in the first imaging steps. Instead, the data-oriented approaches parameterise the reflection events in the time domain and try to obtain as much information as possible from the measured data. The extracted information is then used to transform the seismic data into depth. The common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack is one of the data-oriented imaging approaches. This method makes use of second-order traveltime approximations in order to describe seismic reflection events in the time domain. For the processing of data from a 3D acquisition, the traveltime equations can be used as stacking operators to simulate a zero-offset (ZO) volume of high accuracy and high signal-to-noise ratio from multi-coverage prestack data. During the stack, reflection energy from the entire five-dimensional data hyper-volume enters into the construction of one ZO sample. The eight parameters, which express the traveltime approximation for the ZO case, relate to kinematic wavefield attributes. These locally describe the propagation directions and curvatures of specific wavefronts at the Earth's surface which have travelled through the subsurface. Thus, the kinematic wavefield attributes constitute integral quantities of the medium's parameters and are suitable to estimate the properties of the Earth's interior. The accurate determination of the wavefield attributes is, therefore, a crucial step in the CRS processing. In this thesis the derivation of the traveltime approximations is presented. The kinematic wavefield attributes are introduced by means of concepts known from geometrical optics. The determination of the eight kinematic wavefield attributes for the ZO case from 3D multi-coverage seismic data is elaborated. The applications of the attributes to support and facilitate 3D seismic imaging are discussed. In this context emphasis is put on the utilisation of the kinematic wavefield attributes for the 3D CRS stack. The proposed search algorithms are validated on a synthetic data example and have shown to be successful. Finally, the 3D CRS stack is applied to a real marine dataset. In this way the functionality of the search algorithms on complex data is verified. Moreover, the imaging quality of the 3D CRS stack is checked by migrating the simulated ZO volume to depth and comparing the obtained result with the result from a prestack depth migration. The comparison shows that the CRS based result is competitive to the result of the prestack depth migration. Thus, CRS based imaging is an alternative to prestack depth migration due to the good imaging quality and also due to the provided information in form of the kinematic wavefield attributes.
Download or read book Migration of Seismic Data written by G. H. F. Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modern Singular Spectral Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data written by R. K. Tiwari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the latest advances in singular spectrum-based algorithms for seismic data processing, providing an update on recent developments in this field. Over the past few decades, researchers have extensively studied the application of the singular spectrum-based time and frequency domain eigen image methods, singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and multichannel SSA for various geophysical data. This book addresses seismic reflection signals, which represent the amalgamated signals of several unwanted signals/noises, such as ground roll, diffractions etc. Decomposition of such non-stationary and erratic field data is one of the multifaceted tasks in seismic data processing. This volume also includes comprehensive methodological and parametric descriptions, testing on appropriately generated synthetic data, as well as comparisons between time and frequency domain algorithms and their applications to the field data on 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D data sets. Lastly, it features an exclusive chapter with MATLAB coding for SSA.
