Download or read book Zika Virus and Host Interactions written by Tom Hobman and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zika virus (ZIKV), one of the flavivirus family members transmitted by mosquitos, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO in February 2016 because of clusters of newborn microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders in Brazil. Most ZIKV infections result in a self-limited flu-like febrile disease, however, if contracted during pregnancy, the virus can also infect fetuses and cause a spectrum of birth defects known as congenital Zika syndrome. To date, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are licensed for ZIKV, and the virus has spread and become endemic to many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Included in this book are thirteen reports addressing diverse aspects of ZIKV–host interactions. These studies range from basic science to clinical research. It is expected that findings from these studies will contribute to a better understanding of the host cells interacting with ZIKV, and may serve as the basis for new diagnostics, antiviral therapies, and vaccine design.
Download or read book Zika Virus and Host Interactions written by Tom Hobman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zika virus (ZIKV), one of the flavivirus family members transmitted by mosquitos, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO in February 2016 because of clusters of newborn microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders in Brazil. Most ZIKV infections result in a self-limited flu-like febrile disease, however, if contracted during pregnancy, the virus can also infect fetuses and cause a spectrum of birth defects known as congenital Zika syndrome. To date, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are licensed for ZIKV, and the virus has spread and become endemic to many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Included in this book are thirteen reports addressing diverse aspects of ZIKV-host interactions. These studies range from basic science to clinical research. It is expected that findings from these studies will contribute to a better understanding of the host cells interacting with ZIKV, and may serve as the basis for new diagnostics, antiviral therapies, and vaccine design.
Download or read book New Advances on Zika Virus Research written by Luis Martinez-Sobrido and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.
Download or read book Investigations Into Zika Virus host Interactions written by Stephanie Louise Cumberworth and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Zika Virus and Diseases written by Suzane R. da Silva and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiles the most current information on the Zika virus and its associated diseases This comprehensive book provides the most up-to-date information for students, medical students, and scientists on Zika virus and its associated diseases. It includes all the information related to the Zika virus since its discovery in 1947; its epidemic outbreak in 2007-2014; how the epidemiology changed in America in 2015-2016; its mode of transmission; how to prevent and treat it; and associated diseases. Zika Virus and Diseases: From Molecular Biology to Epidemiology offers complete and up-to-date coverage in 10 chapters. It presents information from papers that attempted to associate the virus with diseases in Africa until the first animal experiment; discusses its association with Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly; describes the basic mechanisms for Zika (ZIKV) replication, including important differences between Dengue (DENV), West-Nile virus (WNV), and ZIKV; explains the difference between the strains and discusses the pathogenesis of them; covers the papers that showed all the interferences that Zika can cause, and the pathways which can be modified; and more. The first book since 1947 to put together all the scientific information Compiles all the information received in the last year about Zika virus Clearly demonstrates the origin and discovery of the virus Zika Virus and Diseases: From Molecular Biology to Epidemiology will appeal to graduate students, medical students, basic researchers, clinicians in infectious disease, microbiology, and virology, as well as people in related disciplines interested in learning more about this topic.
Download or read book Virus host Interactions written by Kavita Raniga and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The wide-spread outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection poses a significant threat to global health. A strong link between Zika virus and clinical birth defects, particularly microcephaly, warrants urgent study of the molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV pathogenesis. Virus-host interactions determine the outcome of infection, thus we delved into the innate immune response against ZIKV infection and evaluated ZIKV dependency on host metabolism. Type 1 interferons (IFNs) are critical for host resistance against ZIKV. The first part of this study evaluates the effect of interferon and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) against ZIKV infection of Asian lineages (PLCal_ZV and PRVABC59). We have shown that type-1 IFN strongly inhibits ZIKV replication in human hepatoma Huh-7.5 cells and the ISG, IFITM3 contributes significantly to this inhibition, agreeing with published reports. We have demonstrated that cholesterol accumulation in endosomes does not restrict ZIKV replication, suggesting an alternative mechanism behind IFITM3 mediated ZIKV inhibition. To assess whether other ISGs contribute to restricting ZIKV infection, we tested a panel of ISGs. MxB, an interferon inducible myxovirus resistance protein, has been reported to restrict HIV-1 and herpesvirus infection. Interestingly, while both ZIKV Asian isolates are resistant to MxB, the African isolate MR766 is susceptible to MxB inhibition. We further identify IFI6 as a potent inhibitor of ZIKV replication for which the mechanism behind its antiviral activity remains to be elucidated. The second part of this study addresses the dependency of ZIKV on host cellular metabolism. We investigated the effect of two ZIKV proteins, NS4A and NS4B on mitochondrial respiration in U87-MG cells, a human primary glioblastoma cell line. Our results show that NS4B significantly decreases mitochondrial respiration, while basal respiration for NS4A expressing cells are comparable to the control. These findings expand on the role of specific ISGs in restricting ZIKV replication and highlight the need for investigating the underlying mechanisms behind viral restriction. Our results also support a model in which ZIKV infection causes an imbalance in mitochondrial homeostasis by decreasing mitochondrial respiration. " --
Download or read book Host Pathogen Interactions During Arboviral Infections written by Alan G. Goodman and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arboviruses, or arthropod-borne viruses, such as West Nile virus, Dengue virus, and Zika virus, pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. West Nile virus was introduced to the United States in 1999, and is now endemic, causing over 2,000 domestically acquired cases in the U.S. annually in mammals. Similarly, dengue and Zika viruses are endemic in the Americas and pose novel threats to the human population. Tick-borne viruses such as Powassan virus and Heartland virus are increasing in frequency in the U.S. At this time, there is no commercially available vaccine or therapeutic to treat these viral infections. Because nearly every mammalian case of these virus infections originates from the insect vector, it is imperative that we also understand viral pathogenesis, transmission, and the immune response in insect models as well as pathogenesis and the host responses in infected mammals. The development of methods to block arbovirus transmission from the vector may be effective at ceasing arthropod-to-human infection since the current recommendation to prevent these viral infections is to decrease contact with mosquitoes. Additionally, improving our understanding of epidemiology and ecology will also help develop measures to reduce virus spread. In order to better study mammalian and insect host responses to infection, a number of genetic tools are available, such as fly, mosquito, and tick models, recombinant viruses, mouse models, and bioinformatics tools. The studies described in this eBook will illustrate host responses to infection using mammalian and insect models, identify critical signaling nodes of the innate immune response, and discuss virus transmission from insect to mammal or among infected hosts. Taken together, these studies will elucidate means of decreasing infections in human populations and provide potential targets for future study and therapeutic design.
Download or read book Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses written by John Mackenzie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses are members of the Japanese encephalitis serological group of the genus Flavivirus and therefore closely related genetically and antigenically. They share a number of properties, including the use of birds as their major wildlife maintenance host and Culicine mosquitoes for transmission, and they are both associated with severe human disease, as well as fatal infections in horses. The emergence of these two viruses, and their well-established propensity to colonise new areas, make it timely to re-examine their ecology, biology, molecular structure, replication and epidemiology, and these therefore provide the focus of this volume.
Download or read book The Roles of Virus host Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Dengue and Zika Viral Infections written by Makeda Lucretia Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are threats to global health. However, the viral and host determinants underlying disease pathogenesis are incompletely understood. To study the host immune responses to dengue infection we aimed to elucidate mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and identify biomarkers predictive of severe dengue (SD). To capture tissue heterogeneity, we developed a single-cell transcriptomic platform that quantifies viral RNA abundance and the host transcriptome in thousands of single cells, and used it to monitor the host response to natural infection in adults' PBMC samples from a Colombia dengue cohort that we established. We showed large heterogeneity in the host response to dengue in a cell subtype specific manner. We discovered that naïve B cells are the predominant cell type associated with viral RNA and that their interferon response genes are upregulated relative to bystander or control uninfected cells. We revealed cell-type specific alterations in gene expression levels prior to progression to SD, such as upregulation of MX2 in naïve B cells and CD163 in CD14+CD16+ monocytes. In parallel, to capture real-world heterogeneity, we used a multi-cohort analysis framework that integrates heterogeneous datasets to identify robust host gene signatures that are generalizable across cohorts, and discovered a 20-gene set predictive of SD using publicly available dengue datasets. The prognostic power of this gene set to distinguish uncomplicated from SD early in the course of illness was validated in silico and prospectively in our dengue cohort. Another flavivirus infection associated with significant morbidity whose pathogenesis is poorly understood is ZIKV. The recent ZIKV epidemic has been associated with microcephaly in neonates as well as Guillain-Barre syndrome and encephalitis in adults. ZIKV infection causes cell death in neuro-progenitor cells, and increased expression of p53, a major regulator of cell death. Here, we evaluated the role of the ZIKV protease (NS2B3) in activating the p53 apoptotic pathway. Our studies showed that NS2B3 alone can trigger apoptosis and identified several novel NSB23 binding partners, including MDM4, an inhibitor of the transregulatory functions of p53, which is a candidate substrate of the protease activity, and two E3 ubiquitin ligases COP1 and CARP2, which lead to p53 degradation by the proteasome. Our data suggests that NS2B3 may inhibit the function of p53 regulatory proteins thereby increasing its protein expression and upregulating p53 target gene transcription leading to apoptosis. Together, these studies have shed light on the roles of virus-host interactions in the pathogenesis of flaviviral infections and provide potential translational avenues for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for these globally important viruses.
Download or read book Virology Methods Manual written by Hillar O. Kangro and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-04-16 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Virology Methods Manual is a comprehensive source of methods for the study, manipulation, and detection of viruses. Edited by Brian Mahy and Hillar Kangro, this work describes the most up-to-date, definitive techniques, provided by experts in each area, and presented with easy-to-use, step-by-step protocols. This new manual will satisfy the needs of virologists and all those working with viruses who need a practical guide to methods that work! Provides up-to-date techniques by experts worldwide Presents common, step-by-step protocols in an attractive, easy-to-use fashion Contains useful appendices including virus taxonomy, metabolic inhibitors, and Bio-safety in the virology laboratory
Download or read book Membrane Fusion written by Jan Wilschut and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-28 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad overview of recent progress in membrane fusion research, treating the subject from the fields of biophysics, biochemistry, cell biology, virology, and biotechnology. Featuring sections on the general properties of membranes and applications of membrane fusion techniques, this sourcebook outl
Download or read book Ultrastructural Analysis of Host Interactions and Infection Dynamics of Zika Virus written by Yen-Chi Chiu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thèse. Biologie. Médecine. 2023
Download or read book Dengue and Zika Control and Antiviral Treatment Strategies written by Rolf Hilgenfeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume contains 25 chapters from leading international scientists working on dengue and Zika viruses, who came together in Praia do Tofo in Mozambique to discuss the latest developments in the fields of epidemiology, pathogenesis, structural virology, immunology, antiviral drug discovery and development, vaccine efficacy, and mosquito control programs. The meeting venue offered an opportunity to discuss current research on these flaviviruses in an idyllic setting, and also to develop first-hand appreciation of the issues in infectious diseases facing developing countries and of the research gaps in Africa. For readers, who should include basic and clinical researchers in the field and public health professionals, the chapters are organized to provide a comprehensive overview of the various topics in current dengue and Zika virus research. A unique feature of the proceedings of this meeting is the inclusion of the discussions that took place following presentations. These have been transcribed and appended to the end of the relevant chapters, and they form the “salt in the soup” of this book.
Download or read book Advanced Concepts in Human Immunology Prospects for Disease Control written by Pooja Jain and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights information derived primarily from clinical samples, with particular reference to theoretical and scientific aspects of the human immune system. This text will focus on topics that range from host-pathogen interactions in infectious disease to host immune response in cancer, allergic diseases, neuroinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. The reader will also have a well-rounded understanding of the behavior of the immune system with particular emphasis on the role of immunoproteomics in immunotherapy, neuroprotective immunity for neurodegenerative and neuroinfectious disease, leukemia-associated dendritic cell induction of adaptive immunity dysregulation, and the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer, infection, as well as neuroinflammation. Taken together, the contents of this book are intended for both clinicians and researchers in academia and industry.
Download or read book Global Health Impacts of Vector Borne Diseases written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-10-21 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathogens transmitted among humans, animals, or plants by insects and arthropod vectors have been responsible for significant morbidity and mortality throughout recorded history. Such vector-borne diseases â€" including malaria, dengue, yellow fever, and plague â€" together accounted for more human disease and death in the 17th through early 20th centuries than all other causes combined. Over the past three decades, previously controlled vector-borne diseases have resurged or reemerged in new geographic locations, and several newly identified pathogens and vectors have triggered disease outbreaks in plants and animals, including humans. Domestic and international capabilities to detect, identify, and effectively respond to vector-borne diseases are limited. Few vaccines have been developed against vector-borne pathogens. At the same time, drug resistance has developed in vector-borne pathogens while their vectors are increasingly resistant to insecticide controls. Furthermore, the ranks of scientists trained to conduct research in key fields including medical entomology, vector ecology, and tropical medicine have dwindled, threatening prospects for addressing vector-borne diseases now and in the future. In June 2007, as these circumstances became alarmingly apparent, the Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a workshop to explore the dynamic relationships among host, pathogen(s), vector(s), and ecosystems that characterize vector-borne diseases. Revisiting this topic in September 2014, the Forum organized a workshop to examine trends and patterns in the incidence and prevalence of vector-borne diseases in an increasingly interconnected and ecologically disturbed world, as well as recent developments to meet these dynamic threats. Participants examined the emergence and global movement of vector-borne diseases, research priorities for understanding their biology and ecology, and global preparedness for and progress toward their prevention, control, and mitigation. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guideline infant feeding in areas of Zika virus transmission written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this guideline is to provide global, science-informed recommendations on infant feeding in areas of Zika virus transmission. The primary audience of this guideline is health professionals responsible for developing national and local health protocols, especially those related to infant feeding in infancy and early childhood. The primary audience also includes those directly providing care to infants, such as nurses, general medical practitioners, paediatricians, managers of maternal, newborn and child health programmes and relevant personnel in health ministries, in all settings. Lastly, this guideline is also of interest to pregnant or breastfeeding women living or travelling to areas where Zika virus transmission continues. This guideline aims to help WHO Member States and their partners to make science-informed decisions on the appropriate actions in their efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, the resolutions of the World Health Assembly on infant and young child feeding and the global targets put forward in the comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition, the global strategy for infant and young child feeding and the Zika Strategic Response Plan.
