Download or read book Peeling Away the Layers Impacts of Durable Tariff Elimination written by Arevik Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We demonstrate that durable MFN tariff elimination affects trade patterns through several layers, which generates non-linear impacts. First, complete tariff elimination results in a large additional trade gains over and above tariff reductions. Second, commitment to durable tariff elimination, through WTO bindings, further boosts both imports and exports of ITA members. The unique setting of the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) allows us to identify these effects of non-discriminatory trade policies because (i) ITA constitutes a quasi-natural experiment as several “passive” signatories joined it as an unavoidable part of pursuing of a larger policy objective, and (ii) ITA's partial coverage of the IT sector provides a natural control group for cross-product identification. Commitments under the ITA spurned development of a downstream IT export sector in “passive” signatories.
Download or read book World Tariff Profiles 2020 written by World Trade Organization and published by International Trade Statistics. This book was released on 2020-09-22 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2020 edition provides comprehensive information on the tariffs and non-tariff measures imposed by over 170 countries and customs territories. It is a joint publication of the WTO, the International Trade Centre (ITC) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Tariff data are presented in comparative tables indicating, among other things, the average "bound" or maximum tariff each economy may apply to its imports and the average tariff it applies in practice. A one-page profile for each economy provides more detailed data, with tariffs broken down by product groups and trading partners. A summary table providing selected indicators on the imports and exports for each country and customs territory is also included. In addition, the publication provides statistics on non-tariff measures, such as safeguards and anti-dumping measures, used by WTO members. The special topic for this edition is market access to medical goods related to COVID-19.
Download or read book Emerging Powers and the World Trading System written by Gregory Shaffer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the rise of China, India, and Brazil in the international trading system, and the implications for trade law.
Download or read book Restructuring Trade Agreements written by Juscelino F. Colares and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To avoid trade-bargain erosion, countries involved in large-scale, bilateral or regional trade arrangements must reconcile preserving close economic ties and supply chains with the need to dynamically adjust to new opportunities with other partners. Using the growing deterioration of the European Union-Turkey Customs Union as an illustration to a new model of trade-agreement restructuring, this well-researched and deeply insightful book outlines and demonstrates how this trade arrangement can be successfully renegotiated, thus providing expert practical guidance in a crucial area of trade law and policy that rarely receives the attention it deserves. The book's novel framework features a clearly articulated legal foundation, a transactional deployment strategy, and a sequential negotiating approach applicable to bilateral and regional trade arrangements whose original terms no longer reflect the changed capabilities and interests of at least one of its parties. The authors respond in detail to questions, such as: When should a country pursue bargain rebalancing? How should trade diplomats pursue renegotiation and/or new partnerships, legally and transactionally? Given that free trade agreements keep each country’s trade sovereignty mostly intact, under which circumstances should a country ever consider entering a customs union? How may free-trade agreements help countries address trade imbalances while enhancing supply chain resilience? What are the limits to WTO litigation as an effective market-barrier-opening tool? How should trade-agreement restructuring be deployed as a path to further trade liberalization? In-depth attention is paid to identifying and investigating trade arrangements that are ripe for renegotiation and assessing sources of domestic and external support for or against renegotiating such bargains. This book’s model of international trade-agreement restructuring fits well with emerging thinking on greater trade diversification and supply-chain resilience. The authors provide a clear, actionable approach for considering and conducting the renegotiation of trade deals. For these reasons, this book will be welcomed by trade lawyers, supply-chain executives, economists, government officials, and academics who are grappling with rising economic frictions in the fault lines of national sovereignty, economic interdependence, and the limits of current trade arrangements.
Download or read book Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).
Download or read book Developing Agriculture and Tourism for Inclusive Growth in the Lao People s Democratic Republic written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report explores potential links between the agriculture and tourism sectors that could strengthen infrastructure development and inclusive growth in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Over the last 3 decades, the Lao People's Democratic Republic has seen remarkable economic growth, with per capita income quadrupling between 1989 and 2019. However, this growth has been accompanied by widening inequality as the economy generated limited job opportunities beyond agriculture. In the aftermath of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this report emphasizes the need to develop synergies between agriculture and tourism. It recommends investing in infrastructure, human capital, and digital connectivity among other development areas in the country's agriculture and tourism sectors.
Download or read book Doing Business 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
Download or read book Peddling Protectionism written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of America's most infamous tariff The Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, which raised U.S. duties on hundreds of imported goods to record levels, is America's most infamous trade law. It is often associated with—and sometimes blamed for—the onset of the Great Depression, the collapse of world trade, and the global spread of protectionism in the 1930s. Even today, the ghosts of congressmen Reed Smoot and Willis Hawley haunt anyone arguing for higher trade barriers; almost single-handedly, they made protectionism an insult rather than a compliment. In Peddling Protectionism, Douglas Irwin provides the first comprehensive history of the causes and effects of this notorious measure, explaining why it largely deserves its reputation for combining bad politics and bad economics and harming the U.S. and world economies during the Depression. In four brief, clear chapters, Irwin presents an authoritative account of the politics behind Smoot-Hawley, its economic consequences, the foreign reaction it provoked, and its aftermath and legacy. Starting as a Republican ploy to win the farm vote in the 1928 election by increasing duties on agricultural imports, the tariff quickly grew into a logrolling, pork barrel free-for-all in which duties were increased all around, regardless of the interests of consumers and exporters. After Herbert Hoover signed the bill, U.S. imports fell sharply and other countries retaliated by increasing tariffs on American goods, leading U.S. exports to shrivel as well. While Smoot-Hawley was hardly responsible for the Great Depression, Irwin argues, it contributed to a decline in world trade and provoked discrimination against U.S. exports that lasted decades. Peddling Protectionism tells a fascinating story filled with valuable lessons for trade policy today.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Globalized Agricultural Trade and New Challenges for Food Security written by Erokhin, Vasilii and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free trade promotes economic growth through international competition and the efficient allocation of resources while also helping to stabilize food supplies between countries that have an overabundance of product and countries that have a shortage. However, sudden price surges can threaten the social cohesion of developing countries and may lead to malnutrition and stunted growth. Balancing trade liberalization and protectionism is imperative for the provision of food security for all. The Handbook of Research on Globalized Agricultural Trade and New Challenges for Food Security is an essential publication that seeks to improve food security, food independence, and food sovereignty in the conditions of globalized agricultural trade and addresses the contemporary issues of agricultural trade including major commodities and food products traded between major countries, directions of trade, and trends. The book also examines the effects of tariff escalations, administrative restrictions, other forms of trade protectionism on food security, and the emerging trade tensions between major actors such as the US, China, the EU, and Russia. Featuring research on topics including plant fertility, dietary diversity, and protectionism, this book is ideally designed for government officials, policymakers, agribusiness managers, stakeholders, international tradesmen, researchers, industry professionals, academicians, and students.
Download or read book Trade Links written by James Bacchus and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details how the World Trade Organization must transform to free trade, fight climate change, and further sustainable development.
Download or read book Doing Business 2018 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 1217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2018 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity: • Starting a business • Dealing with construction permits • Getting electricity • Registering property • Getting credit • Protecting minority investors • Paying taxes • Trading across borders • Enforcing contracts • Resolving insolvency These areas are included in the distance to frontier score and ease of doing business ranking. Doing Business also measures features of labor market regulation, which is not included in these two measures. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2017, ranks economies on their overall “ease of doing business†?, and analyzes reforms to business regulation †“ identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. Doing Business illustrates how reforms in business regulations are being used to analyze economic outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. It is a flagship product produced in partnership by the World Bank Group that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 137 economies have used the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 2,182 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals since its inception. Data Notes; Distance to Frontier and Ease of Doing Business Ranking; and Summaries of Doing Business Reforms in 2016/17 can be downloaded separately from the Doing Business website.
Download or read book Aid for Trade at a Glance 2019 Economic Diversification and Empowerment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition analyses how trade can contribute to economic diversification and empowerment, with a focus on eliminating extreme poverty, particularly through the effective participation of women and youth. It shows how aid for trade can contribute to that objective by addressing supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure constraints, including for micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises notably in rural areas.
Download or read book CAREC Integrated Trade Agenda 2030 and Rolling Strategic Action Plan 2018 2020 written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication discusses how the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program (CAREC) can enhance trade by addressing key challenges, including poor market access, limited economic diversification, and weak institutions for trade. CAREC's new trade strategy leverages on the successes of past CAREC trade work built on mutual trust and collective efforts. It is designed to foster deepened regional cooperation and integration. The CAREC Program is a partnership of 11 countries---Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Pakistan, the People's Republic of China, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan---to promote development and lead to accelerated growth and poverty reduction.
Download or read book World Tariff Profiles 2019 written by World Trade Organization and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2019 edition provides comprehensive information on the tariffs and non-tariff measures imposed by over 170 countries and customs territories. It is a joint publication of the WTO, the International Trade Centre (ITC) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Tariff data are presented in comparative tables and in one-page profiles for each economy. Statistics on non-tariff measures by country and by product group complement the data on tariffs. The publication also includes as a special topic an analysis of how least-developed countries (LDCs) make use of preferential tariffs offered by trading partners for products exported by LDCs.
Download or read book OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the European Union written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2023-10-09 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the European Union applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the sustainable productivity performance of the EU’s agricultural sector and to identify the main challenges ahead.
Download or read book The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2022 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-06-27 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2022 (SOCO 2022) discusses how trade policies, based on both multilateral and regional approaches, can address today’s challenges for sustainable development. Trade policies in food and agriculture should aim to safeguard global food security, address the trade-offs between economic and environmental objectives, and strengthen the resilience of the global agrifood system to shocks, such as conflicts, pandemics and extreme weather. The report discusses the geography of trade, analysing food and agricultural trade and its patterns across countries and regions, its drivers and the trade policy environment. Comparative advantage, trade policies and trade costs shape the patterns of trade in food and agriculture. When comparative advantage plays out in the global market, trade benefits all countries. Lowering tariff barriers and reducing trade costs can promote trade and economic growth. Both multilateral and regional trade agreements can facilitate the process of making trade an avenue for growth but the gains of trade are distributed unevenly. When global environmental impacts, such as climate change, are considered, a multilateral approach to trade can help expand the reach of mitigation measures.
Download or read book OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews Innovation Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Japan written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-05-11 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Japan, agriculture has been treated differently from other parts of the national economy.
