Download or read book World Crusade in the 21st Century written by Michael P. Wright and published by XinXii. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clash between cultures has happened many times throughout history. Events from 1979 to this point leading the western and Muslim cultures into a crusade with no present way out. The reason for all this fighting for the last 37 years has no simple answer and history has a way of always repeating itself.
Download or read book A Twentieth Century Crusade written by Giuliana Chamedes and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive history of the Vatican’s agenda to defeat the forces of secular liberalism and communism through international law, cultural diplomacy, and a marriage of convenience with authoritarian and right-wing rulers. After the United States entered World War I and the Russian Revolution exploded, the Vatican felt threatened by forces eager to reorganize the European international order and cast the Church out of the public sphere. In response, the papacy partnered with fascist and right-wing states as part of a broader crusade that made use of international law and cultural diplomacy to protect European countries from both liberal and socialist taint. A Twentieth-Century Crusade reveals that papal officials opposed Woodrow Wilson’s international liberal agenda by pressing governments to sign concordats assuring state protection of the Church in exchange for support from the masses of Catholic citizens. These agreements were implemented in Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany, as well as in countries like Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. In tandem, the papacy forged a Catholic International—a political and diplomatic foil to the Communist International—which spread a militant anticommunist message through grassroots organizations and new media outlets. It also suppressed Catholic antifascist tendencies, even within the Holy See itself. Following World War II, the Church attempted to mute its role in strengthening fascist states, as it worked to advance its agenda in partnership with Christian Democratic parties and a generation of Cold War warriors. The papal mission came under fire after Vatican II, as Church-state ties weakened and antiliberalism and anticommunism lost their appeal. But—as Giuliana Chamedes shows in her groundbreaking exploration—by this point, the Vatican had already made a lasting mark on Eastern and Western European law, culture, and society.
Download or read book The 21st Century Crusade written by Douglas Larry Weiss and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2008-11-11 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world teeters on the brink of chaos, a young man pursues the terrorists who murdered his parents, and soon discovers a most unlikely ally in his quest.
Download or read book Perceptions of the Crusades from the Nineteenth to the Twenty First Century written by Mike Horswell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engaging the Crusades is a series of volumes which offer windows into a newly emerging field of historical study: the memory and legacy of the crusades. Together these volumes examine the reasons behind the enduring resonance of the crusades and present the memory of crusading in the modern period as a productive, exciting and much needed area of investigation. Perceptions of the Crusades from the Ninetenth to the Twenty-First Century explores the ways in which the crusades have been used in the last two centuries, including the varying deployment of crusading rhetoric and imagery in both the East and the West. It considers the scope and impact of crusading memory from the nineteenth and into the twentieth century, engaging with nineteenth-century British lending libraries, literary uses of crusading tales, wartime postcard propaganda, memories of Saladin and crusades in the Near East and the works of modern crusade historians. Demonstrating the breadth of material encompassed by this subject and offering methodological suggestions for continuing its progress, Perceptions of the Crusades from the Ninetenth to the Twenty-First Century is essential reading for modern historians, military historians and historians of memory and medievalism.
Download or read book Middle East on Fire in the 21st Century written by Michael P. Wright and published by XinXii. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world events between the Christians and the Muslims that have been happening since December 1979 until now. One event and one war after another has led to the 10th crusade. Thinking this can't be happening, well it is right in front of our eyes and in our lifetime.
Download or read book The 14th and Final Crusade to the Middle East written by Joseph J. Conte and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are currently fighting a War in Iraq. The Middle East is in turmoil. Tribal names such as Sunni, Kurds, and Shiites, are bandied about by the media. Most people outside of the Middle East, do not have a clue as to how this puzzle in the sands and mountains fits together. JJ Conte’s book will let the reader take a snapshot of ten centuries of religious wars in the Middle East, beginning with the nine Holy Crusades, and concluding with the current wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The first eight chapters are historical and all ten centuries culminate in a surprise ending in Chapter 9.
Download or read book Finance and the Crusades written by Daniel Edwards and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the financial aspects of crusading in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. Taking the kingdom of England as a case study, it explores a variety of themes, such as how much crusades cost, how they were financed, how funds were transferred to the East and how crusaders fared financially after their return. Its fundamental argument, in contrast with current historiography, is that it was the "private" fundraising of individuals – not the "public" fundraising of the Crown and the Church – that constituted the life-blood of the crusade movement in the period under consideration. Indeed, it is likely that the crusades were only able to remain central to the religious and political life of England, and indeed western Christendom, because participants, and those in their connection, continued to be willing to sacrifice their own financial wellbeing for the interests of the Holy Land.
Download or read book The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century written by Norman Housley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, historians acknowledge the significance of crusading activity in the fifteenth century, and they have started to explore the different ways in which it shaped contemporary European society. Just as important, however, was the range of interactions which took place between the three faith communities which were most affected by crusade, namely the Catholic and Orthodox worlds, and the adherents of Islam. Discussion of these interactions forms the theme of this book. Two essays consider the impact of the fall of Constantinople in 1453 on the conquering Ottomans and the conquered Byzantines. The next group of essays reviews different aspects of the crusading response to the Turks, ranging from Emperor Sigismund to Papal legates. The third set of contributions considers diplomatic and cultural interactions between Islam and Christianity, including attempts made to forge alliances of Christian and Muslim powers against the Ottomans. Last, a set of essays looks at what was arguably the most complex region of all for inter-faith relations, the Balkans, exploring the influence of crusading ideas in the eastern Adriatic, Bosnia and Romania. Viewed overall, this collection of essays makes a powerful contribution to breaking down the old and discredited view of monolithic and mutually exclusive "fortresses of faith". Nobody would question the extent and intensity of religious violence in fifteenth-century Europe, but this volume demonstrates that it was played out within a setting of turbulent diversity. Religious and ethnic identities were volatile, allegiances negotiable, and diplomacy, ideological exchange and human contact were constantly in operation between the period's major religious groupings.
Download or read book The World of the Crusades 2 volumes written by Andrew Holt and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike traditional references that recount political and military history, this encyclopedia includes entries on a wide range of aspects related to daily life during the medieval crusades. The medieval crusades were fundamental in shaping world history and provide background for the conflict that exists between the West and the Muslim world today. This two-volume set presents fundamental information about the medieval crusades as a movement and its ideological impact on both the crusaders and the peoples of the East. It takes a broad look at numerous topics related to crusading, with the goal of helping readers to better understand what inspired the crusaders, the hardships associated with crusading, and how crusading has influenced the development of cultures both in the East and the West. The first of the two thematically arranged volumes considers topics such as the arts, economics and work, food and drink, family and gender, and fashion and appearance. The second volume considers topics such as housing and community, politics and warfare, recreation and social customs, religion and beliefs, and science and technology. Within each topical section are alphabetically arranged reference entries, complete with cross-references and suggestions for further reading. Selections from primary source documents, each accompanied by an introductory headnote, give readers first-hand accounts of the crusades.
Download or read book Baudolino written by Umberto Eco and published by Random House. This book was released on 2014-08-28 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extraordinary epic, brilliantly-imagined, new novel from a world-class writer and author of The Name of the Rose. Discover the Middle Ages with Baudolino - a wondrous, dazzling, beguiling tale of history, myth and invention. It is 1204, and Constantinople is being sacked and burned by the knights of the fourth Crusade. Amid the carnage and confusion Baudolino saves a Byzantine historian and high court official from certain death at the hands of the crusading warriors, and proceeds to tell his own fantastical story.
Download or read book The Crusades Christianity and Islam written by Jonathan Riley-Smith and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Claiming that many in the West lack a thorough understanding of crusading, Jonathan Riley-Smith explains why and where the Crusades were fought, identifies their architects, and shows how deeply their language and imagery were embedded in popular Catholic thought and devotional life.
Download or read book The Crusades and the Christian World of the East written by Christopher MacEvitt and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of Jerusalem's fall in 1099, the crusading armies of western Christians known as the Franks found themselves governing not only Muslims and Jews but also local Christians, whose culture and traditions were a world apart from their own. The crusader-occupied swaths of Syria and Palestine were home to many separate Christian communities: Greek and Syrian Orthodox, Armenians, and other sects with sharp doctrinal differences. How did these disparate groups live together under Frankish rule? In The Crusades and the Christian World of the East, Christopher MacEvitt marshals an impressive array of literary, legal, artistic, and archeological evidence to demonstrate how crusader ideology and religious difference gave rise to a mode of coexistence he calls "rough tolerance." The twelfth-century Frankish rulers of the Levant and their Christian subjects were separated by language, religious practices, and beliefs. Yet western Christians showed little interest in such differences. Franks intermarried with local Christians and shared shrines and churches, but they did not hesitate to use military force against Christian communities. Rough tolerance was unlike other medieval modes of dealing with religious difference, and MacEvitt illuminates the factors that led to this striking divergence. "It is commonplace to discuss the diversity of the Middle East in terms of Muslims, Jews, and Christians," MacEvitt writes, "yet even this simplifies its religious complexity." While most crusade history has focused on Christian-Muslim encounters, MacEvitt offers an often surprising account by examining the intersection of the Middle Eastern and Frankish Christian worlds during the century of the First Crusade.
Download or read book Holy War written by Karen Armstrong and published by MacMillan Publishing Company. This book was released on 1988 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Crusades and their impact on today's world.
Download or read book The High Crusade written by Poul Anderson and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the year of grace 1345, as Sir Roger Baron de Tourneville is gathering an army to join King Edward III in the war against France, a most astonishing event occurs: a huge silver ship descends through the sky and lands in a pasture beside the little village of Ansby in North East Lincolnshire. The Wersgorix, whose scouting ship it is, are quite expert at taking conquering planets, and having determined from orbit that this one is suitable, they initiate standard procedure. Their ship carries guided missiles and nuclear weaponry - but they have long since lost the art (and weapons) of hand-to-hand fighting. And this time it's no mere primitives the Wersgorix seek to enslave - they've launched their invasion against Englishmen! In the end, only one alien is left alive - and Sir Roger's grand vision is born. He intends for the creature to fly the ship first to France to aid his King, then on to the Holy Land to vanquish the infidel. And then . . . ?
Download or read book Crusades written by Conrad Bauer and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the hidden history of the Crusades and the many conspiracy theories that followed! What led to the crusades and why the effects of the Crusades still resonate on Christianity and Islam religions today. The Crusades are events which have marked the middle ages for Europe as well as for the Arabian world, yet at times we seem to not know nearly enough to what we should. Explore why this could be so while learning of what has transpired during the centuries of confrontation between the two most widespread religions of the world. For centuries, the meaning of and the reason behind the Crusades has shifted, depending on who is telling the narrative. In the days of Voltaire, in which resentful Renaissance writers were often more than ready to impugn the Catholic Church, the Crusades were often depicted as acts of medieval stupidity in which drunken, belligerent, and debauched masses of Europeans were blinded by religious intolerance, and goaded to attack others. Then, by the 19th century, the Crusade narrative shifted again, and in the world of far-flung European colonies the Crusades were seen and understood through the lens of imperialism, and many explained the Crusades as nothing more than an early attempt at colonialism. This mythical narrative of unwarranted European aggression continued to promulgate itself through the years until it was widely believed that the Islamic world was a completely innocent victim of the Crusades. Many came to believe that the Muslims did nothing at all to provoke the West and instead were the sole arbiters of high civilization and knowledge in a dark age who were unfairly targeted by militant Western barbarians. But by the early 21st century, perceptions began to change again as modern examples of Muslim extremists began to make front page news with increasing frequency. When the brutally extreme conquering hordes of ISIS came on the scene, routinely making mass murder, rape, enslavement, and the destruction of entire civilizations a part of their regular repertoire, people began to look at the Crusades just a little bit differently. They began to consider the possibility that perhaps there was something more to the Crusades after all. Perhaps the Islamic world of yesteryear had some of the same extremism operating back then. Even former U.S. President Barak Obama, in a 2015 address that turned into a marathon message on everything from the Crusades to ISIS, seemed to invoke the idea that history was repeating itself, and that all this was "nothing new." Now people are wondering what the real reasons for the Crusades were. This book explores the major events and motivations of all parties involved during this pivotal moment in history, as well as some of the conspiratorial intrigues that came along the way. Any in-depth exploration of something as complex as the Crusades takes us on quite an arduous journey with many twists and turns. It is almost impossible to separate the history of the Crusades from the conspiracies it engenders. This book doesn't expect you to take any one side or a stance, it just wants you to enjoy the ride. Scroll back up and order your copy today!
Download or read book The Crusades A Very Short Introduction written by Christopher Tyerman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crusading fervour gripped Europe for over 200 years, creating one of the most extraordinary, vivid episodes in world history. Whether the Crusades are regarded as the most romantic of Christian expeditions, or the last of the barbarian invasions, they have fascinated generations ever since, and their legacy of ideas and imagery has resonated through the centuries, inspiring Hollywood movies and great works of literature. Even today, to invoke the Crusades is to stir deep cultural myths, assumptions and prejudices. Yet despite their powerful hold on our imaginations, our knowledge of them remains obscured an distorted by time. Were the Crusaders motivated by spiritual rewards, or by greed? Were the Crusades an experiment in European colonialism, or a manifestation of religious love? How were they organized and founded? With customary flair and originality, Christopher Tyerman picks his way through the many debates to present a clear and lively discussion of the Crusades; bringing together issues of colonialism, cultural exchange, economic exploitation, and the relationship between past and present. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Download or read book Crusades written by Thomas F. Madden and published by Duncan Baird Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WORLD HISTORY: C 500 TO C 1500. The Crusades were a centuries-long series of military campaigns in a violent struggle between the Christian and Islamic worlds. Such wars were fought not only against Islamic empires in Asia Minor, the Holy Land and throughout the Mediterranean region, but also within Europe against heretics, pagans and opponents of the Church. "Crusades" traces these major expeditions and focuses on key episodes such as the titanic struggles over Jerusalem and Constantinople. War, however, is not the whole story: the encounter between East and West opened the eyes of Europeans to the world outside, stimulating trade and the exchange of ideas. Anyone who wishes to probe the historical roots of 21st-century tensions between Islam and the West, or simply to learn about one of the most fascinating phenomena of the Middle Ages, will find this book endlessly informative and enriching.
