Download or read book Wind Climate in Cities written by Jack E. Cermak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If one surveys the development of wind engineering, one comes to the conclusion that the challenge of urban climatology is one of the most important remaining tasks for the wind engineers. But what distinguishes wind engineering in urban areas from conventional wind engineering? Principally, the fact that the effects studied are usually unique to a particular situation, requiring consideration of the surroundings of the buildings. In the past, modelling criteria have been developed that make it possible to solve environmental problems with great confidence, and studies validated the models: at least in a neutrally stratified atmosphere. The approach adopted in the book is that of applied fluid mechanics, since this forms the basis for the evaluation of the urban wind field. Variables for air quality or loads are problem specific, or even random, and methods for studying them are based on risk analysis, which is also presented. Criteria are developed for a systematic approach to urban wind engineering problems, including parameter studies. The five sections of the book are: Fundamentals of urban boundary layer and dispersion; Forces on complex structures in built-up areas; Air pollution in cities; Numerical solution techniques; and Posters. A subject index is included.
Download or read book City and Wind written by Mareike Krautheim and published by Dom Pub. This book was released on 2014 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial production is inevitably linked to climate issues. In the course of the last 15 years the debate on sustainable architecture and ecological urbanism has risen like a phoenix from the ashes. Architects and urban planners, as well as administrative bodies and developers, face a new responsibility in terms of the complexity of their conventional design and planning methods. Increasing awareness of climate issues in the design process has the potential once more to make architecture in the future more site-specific, giving it back its contextual relevancy. City and Wind - Climate as an Architectural Instrument is a call to see architecture not just as a means of protecting us against the climate, but also as a way of bringing us back to it.
Download or read book Urban Wind Environment written by Chao Yuan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of urbanization and compact urban living, conventional experience-based planning and design often cannot adequately address the serious environmental issues, such as thermal comfort and air quality. The ultimate goal of this book is to facilitate a paradigm shift from the conventional experience-based ways to a more scientific, evidence-based process of decision making in both urban planning and architectural design stage. This book introduces novel yet practical modelling and mapping methods, and provides scientific understandings of the urban typologies and wind environment from the urban to building scale through real examples and case studies. The tools provided in this book aid a systematic implementation of environmental information from urban planning to building design by making wind information more accessible to both urban planners and architects, and significantly increasing the impact of urban climate information on the practical urban planning and design. This book is a useful reference book to architectural postgraduates, design practitioners and planners, urban climate researchers, as well as policy makers for developing future livable and sustainable cities.
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Download or read book The Climate of Cities written by James T. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Urban Climate written by Helmut E. Landsberg and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1981-08-28 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Urban Climate aims to summarize analytical studies directed toward physical understanding of the rural-urban differences in the atmospheric boundary layer. Attempts to quantify conditions have met with some success. There is certainly a clear understanding of the physical relations that create the climatic differences of urbanized areas. Although some of the earlier classical studies are cited here, the emphasis is on the work done during the last decade and a half. This volume comprises 11 chapters, beginning with an introductory chapter discussing the literature surrounding the topic, its historical development, and the problem of local climate modification. The second chapter presents an assessment of the urban atmosphere on a synoptic and local scale, and examines the observational procedures involved. The following chapters then go on to discuss urban air composition; urban energy fluxes; the urban heat island; the urban wind field; models of urban temperature and wind fields; moisture, clouds, and hydrometeors; urban hydrology; special aspects of urban climate; and finally, urban planning. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of meteorology, urban planning, and urban climatology.
Download or read book Mixing Heights Wind Speeds and Potential for Urban Air Pollution Throughout the Contiguous United States written by George C. Holzworth and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mixing-layer height and the average wind speed within the mixing layer were calculated twice for each day of a 5-year record of upper air observations at 62 National Weather Service stations int he contiguous United States. The times of day of these calculations are morning and mid-afternoon. A rough allowance was made for effects of the urban "heat island" on the morning mixing heights. The morning and afternoon times coincide approximately with those of maximum and secondary minimum concentrations of slow-reacting pollutants in cities. These calculations illustrate the typical large diurnal variation in atmospheric dispersion. Twenty charts present seasonal and annual, and morning and afternoon mean mixing heights and wind speeds. A model of some general dispersion features over urban areas is described in which the normalized pollutant concentration averaged over a city is a function of mixing height, wind speed, and city size (distance the wind travels across the city). Frequency values of mixing height by wind speed are used with the model to calculate average normalized concentration frequencies for each weather station. Thirty charts present isopleth analyses of seasonal and annual, and morning and afternoon normalized pollutant concentrations that were exceeded 10, 25, and 50 percent of the time for specified city sizes. The occurrence of episodes during which upper limits on mixing height and wind speed were not exceeded were determined from the daily morning and afternoon values of these parameters. Isopleths of the total number of episode-days for episodes lasting at least 2 days and at least 5 days with various limiting mixing-height and wind-speed values are presented in 20 charts.
Download or read book Climate Change and Cooling Cities written by Ali Cheshmehzangi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-05 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book provides a solid foundation for future research on cooling cities, climate change impacts on cities and urban environments, and innovative mitigation and adaptation strategies. With ever-increasing climate change impacts on our living environments and continuous calamities and natural disasters around the world, we urge for new approaches, apt action, and adequate support to boost cooling strategies for the built environments. To achieve this goal, research, practice, and policy could do much more to provide us with new pathways to achieve sustainable development. This book is a comprehensive collection of theoretical perspectives and global case study examples focused on three core areas of (1) concepts, theories, and trends, (2) mitigation and adaptation strategies, and (3) policies. The book is of use to various stakeholders and more importantly to urban specialists, planners and designers, policymakers, academics, practitioners, and developers. We urge them to mitigate climate change before it gets too late. We are confident the book could provide readers with new ideas, strategies, and directions that could lighten up the path toward new actions, policies, and innovation.
Download or read book Urban Meteorology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-13 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the United Nations, three out of five people will be living in cities worldwide by the year 2030. The United States continues to experience urbanization with its vast urban corridors on the east and west coasts. Although urban weather is driven by large synoptic and meso-scale features, weather events unique to the urban environment arise from the characteristics of the typical urban setting, such as large areas covered by buildings of a variety of heights; paved streets and parking areas; means to supply electricity, natural gas, water, and raw materials; and generation of waste heat and materials. Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs is based largely on the information provided at a Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate community workshop. This book describes the needs for end user communities, focusing in particular on needs that are not being met by current urban-level forecasting and monitoring. Urban Meteorology also describes current and emerging meteorological forecasting and monitoring capabilities that have had and will likely have the most impact on urban areas, some of which are not being utilized by the relevant end user communities. Urban Meteorology explains that users of urban meteorological information need high-quality information available in a wide variety of formats that foster its use and within time constraints set by users' decision processes. By advancing the science and technology related to urban meteorology with input from key end user communities, urban meteorologists can better meet the needs of diverse end users. To continue the advancement within the field of urban meteorology, there are both short-term needs-which might be addressed with small investments but promise large, quick returns-as well as future challenges that could require significant efforts and investments.
Download or read book Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment written by M. Santamouris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the number and percentage of people living in urban areas is growing rapidly. Up to half of the world's population is expected to be living in a city by the end of the century and there are over 170 cities in the world with populations over a million. Cities have a huge impact on the local climate and require vast quantities of energy to keep them functioning. The urban environment in turn has a big impact on the performance and needs of buildings. The size, scale and mechanism of these interactions is poorly understood and strategies to mitigate them are rarely implemented. This is the first comprehensive book to address these questions. It arises out of a programme of work (POLISTUDIES) carried out for the Save programme of the European Commission. Chapters describe not only the main problems encountered such as the heat island and canyon effects, but also a range of design solutions that can be adopted both to improve the energy performance and indoor air quality of individual buildings and to look at aspects of urban design that can reduce these climatic effects. The book concludes with some examples of innovative urban bioclimatic buildings. The project was co-ordinated by Professor Mat Santamouris from the University of Athens who is also the editor of the book. Other contributions are from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece, ENTPE, Lyons, France and the University of Stuttgart, Germany.
Download or read book Ventilating Cities written by Shinsuke Kato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of the world’s population live in environments with artificially weakened wind as buildings in urban areas form wind-breaks and reduce wind speeds. Anthropogenic heat is also generated and during the summer dense urban areas suffer from the urban heat island effect, a known urban climate problem. This book discusses how to evaluate the urban wind environment, including ventilation performance and thermal comfort. This book is organized in two parts; Wind Environment and the Urban Environment and Criteria for Assessing Breeze Environments. It includes chapters on sea breeze in urban areas; thermal adaptation and the effect of wind on thermal comfort; health risk of exposures; pollutant transport in dense urban areas; legal regulations for urban ventilation and new criteria for assessing the local wind environment. Keywords: urban wind environments, urban heat island, urban climate, land use change, thermal comfort, risk assessment, urban air pollution, urban ventilation
Download or read book Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability written by Bao-Jie He and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-24 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the challenges related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. It adds valuable strategies and insights into the development of new practices solving the identified social and economic problems related to ecosystem deterioration and anticipating other disasters related to climate change. As the decarbonization of cities and communities became an issue of great interest to many researchers, the book in hands will be of great importance to decision-makers and energy stakeholders and others seeking a more resilient and sustainable future and developing innovative technologies to overcome environmental deterioration. This book is a culmination of selected research papers from the first version of the international conference on ‘Climate Chance and Environmental Sustainability’ which was held in 2021 in collaboration with Chongqing University, China.
Download or read book The Global Climate System written by Howard A. Bridgman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook considers the physical, social and economic aspects of the global climate system, through readable accounts of recent in climatology. Chapters contain essays by respected specialists in the field to enhance the understanding of selected topics. It is invaluable to advanced students of climatology and atmospheric science.
Download or read book Urban Climate Science for Planning Healthy Cities written by Chao Ren and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume demonstrates how urban climate science can provide valuable information for planning healthy cities. The book illustrates the idea of "Science in Time, Science in Place" by providing worldwide case-based urban climatic planning applications for a variety of regions and countries, utilizing relevant climatic-spatial planning experiences to address local climatic and environmental health issues. Comprised of three major sections entitled "The Rise of Mega-cities and the Concept of Climate Resilience and Healthy Living," "Urban Climate Science in Action," and "Future Challenges and the Way Forward," the book argues for the recognition of climate as a key element of healthy cities. Topics covered include: urban resilience in a climate context, climate responsive planning and urban climate interventions to achieve healthy cities, climate extremes, public health impact, urban climate-related health risk information, urban design and planning, and governance and management of sustainable urban development. The book will appeal to an international audience of practicing planners and designers, public health and built environment professionals, social scientists, researchers in epidemiology, climatology and biometeorology, and international to city scale policy makers. Chapter “Manchester: The Role of Urban Domestic Gardens in Climate Adaptation and Resilience” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Climatological Study of Urban Climate and Heat and Cold Mortalities in Japan written by Fumiaki Fujibe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes observed features of urban climate and its long-term variations as well as the relationship of climate to heat stroke in Japan, based on observational data and statistical analyses. Consisting of three parts, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals involved with these topics. Part 1 focuses on urban climate. The basic characteristics of heat islands are reviewed, and long-term urban warming is described with a focus on the distinction from global warming. The influence of microscale environmental changes on the observed temperature is also presented, as well as changes in wind and precipitation in urban areas. They deepen our understanding of the features and mechanisms of urban heat islands and their long-term changes. Part 2 describes the climatological features of heat stroke mortality, which has become a major social problem in Japan, using mortality statistics and meteorological data. The spatial and temporal variations of heat stroke mortality are analyzed quantitatively on various spatial and temporal scales. In addition, the number of ambulance transports is examined as another measure of heat stroke casualty. The results provide insight into the climatological factors related to heat stroke mortality and contribute to the implementation of preventive measures. The climatology of deaths from extreme cold is also presented. For supplementary information, an overview of the geography, climate, and meteorological data of Japan is presented in Part 3.
Download or read book Adapting Buildings and Cities for Climate Change written by David Crichton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-08-11 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of the bestseller 'Ecohouse' this challenging and exciting text gives you an insight into the real changes that are necessary to give our modern day built environment both 'sustainability' and 'survivability'. The book is based on the premise that climate change is going to happen and its impacts on our lives are going to be far worse than generally expected. Sue Roaf argues that many modern buildings are not only 'unsustainable' in themselves but are also having a catastrophic effect on the global climate. In a unique argument, she illustrates that the only way we can hope to survive the following century in tact is if we not only begin to radically reduce CO2 emissions from our buildings and stop building climatically disastrous building types but also build only the buildings that can survive in the changed climates of the future. Throughout the book, traditional and modern building types are used to: explain the history and impacts of climates past, present and future on buildings; set the scene in terms of the history of building development of where we are now and where we are going in terms of sustainability and survivability of buildings; develop two main scenarios of future building development with the 'business as usual' model and the 'survival plan' model, and to make a list of recommendations based on the two scenarios of what actions should be taken by architects, planners and engineers as well as local and national governments, businesses and ordinary people in ensuring the true sustainable nature of the built environment.
Download or read book Climate Change and Cities written by Cynthia Rosenzweig and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Urban Climate Change Research Network's Second Assessment Report on Climate Change in Cities (ARC3.2) is the second in a series of global, science-based reports to examine climate risk, adaptation, and mitigation efforts in cities. The book explicitly seeks to explore the implications of changing climatic conditions on critical urban physical and social infrastructure sectors and intersectoral concerns. The primary purpose of ARC3.2 is to inform the development and implementation of effective urban climate change policies, leveraging ongoing and planned investments for populations in cities of developing, emerging, and developed countries. This volume, like its predecessor, will be invaluable for a range of audiences involved with climate change and cities: mayors, city officials and policymakers; urban planners; policymakers charged with developing climate change mitigation and adaptation programs; and a broad spectrum of researchers and advanced students in the environmental sciences.
