Download or read book Representation Theory written by Edwin Williams and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002-12-20 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this theoretical monograph, Edwin Williams demonstrates that when syntax is economical, it economizes on shape distortion rather than on distance. According to Williams, this new notion of economy calls for a new architecture for the grammatical system—in fact, for a new notion of derivation. The new architecture offers a style of clausal embedding—the Level Embedding Scheme—that predictively ties together the locality, reconstructive behavior, and "target" type of any syntactic process in a way that is unique to the model. Williams calls his theory "Representation Theory" to put the notion of economy at the forefront. Syntax, in this theory, is a series of representations of one sublanguage in another.

Download or read book Themes in Greek Linguistics II written by Brian D. Joseph and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together 11 original papers on a variety of themes in Greek linguistics, covering phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, both synchronically and diachronically.Collectively, these papers report on recent advances in the study of Greek grammar within the framework of generative grammar, and provide insights into such diverse topics as the analysis of consonant clusters, the representation of stress, the status of inflectional features, the relationship between compounds and projection, derived nominals, the occurrence of weak clitic pronouns in questions, small clauses, focus constructions, word order, the placement of clitics in Cappadocian dialects, and Medieval Greek relativisation strategies. Together, they show that Greek is a vital contributor to issues of current controversy in grammatical theory.

Download or read book The Interaction of Focus Givenness and Prosody written by Vieri Samek-Lodovici and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book provides an in-depth investigation of contrastive focalization in Italian, showing that its syntactic expression systematically interacts with the syntactic expression of discourse-given phrases. Vieri Samek-Lodovici disentangles the properties genuinely associated with contrastive focalization from those determined by highly productive operations affecting discourse given phrases in Italian, namely right dislocation and marginalization. Based on a vast aggregate of evidence, he shows that in the default case contrastive focalization occurs in situ and that left-peripheral focalization patterns arise from the interaction with right dislocation and generalize well beyond the familiar cases examined in Rizzi (1997) and most literature since. In the final chapter, the author examines how the key properties unveiled in the previous chapters, such as focalization in situ, follow from the prosodic constraints governing stress placement, thus reinterpreting and extending Zubizarreta's (1998) insight about the role of prosody in shaping syntax. Overall, the book offers an evidence-backed radical departure from current views of focalization that posit a high, fixed, focus projection at the left periphery of the clause. It also provides the most comprehensive study of Italian marginalization and right dislocation available to date.

Download or read book Figurative Language written by Barbara Dancygier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively, comprehensive and practical book offers a new, integrated and linguistically sound understanding of what figurative language is.

Download or read book The Syntax of Dutch written by Jan-Wouter Zwart and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dutch is a West-Germanic language closely related to English and German, but its special properties have long aroused interest and debate among students of syntax. This is an informative guide to the syntax of Dutch, offering an extensive survey of both the phenomena of Dutch syntax and their theoretical analyses over the years. In particular the book discusses those aspects of Dutch syntax that have played an important role in the development of syntactic theory in recent decades. Presupposing only a basic knowledge of syntax and complete with an extensive bibliography, this survey will be an important tool for students and linguists of all theoretical persuasions, and for anyone working in Germanic linguistics, linguistic typology and linguistic theory.

Download or read book The Prosody of Greek Speech written by A. M. Devine Professor of Classics Stanford University and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994-10-29 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reconstruction of the prosody of a dead language is, on the face of it, an almost impossible undertaking. However, once a general theory of prosody has been developed from reliable data in living languages, it is possible to exploit texts as sources of answers to questions that would normally be answered in the laboratory. In this work, the authors interpret the evidence of Greek verse texts and musical settings in the framework of a theory of prosody based on crosslinguistic evidence and experimental phonetic and psycholinguistic data, and reconstruct the syllable structure, rhythm, accent, phrasing, and intonation of classical Greek speech. Sophisticated statistical analyses are employed to support an impressive range of new findings which relate not only to phonetics and phonology, but also to pragmatics and the syntax-phonology interface.

Download or read book American Projectionist and A P S Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Prosody of Greek Speech written by A.M. Devine and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reconstruction of the prosody of a dead language is, on the face of it, an almost impossible undertaking. However, once a general theory of prosody has been developed from eliable data in living languages, it is possible to exploit texts as sources of answers to questions that would normally be answered in the laboratory. In this work, the authors interpret the evidence of Greek verse texts and musical settings in the framework of a theory of prosody based on crosslinguistic evidence and experimental phonetic and psycholinguistic data, and reconstruct the syllable structure, rhythm, accent, phrasing, and intonation of classical Greek speech. Sophisticated statistical analyses are employed to support an impressive range of new findings which relate not only to phonetics and phonology, but also to pragmatics and the syntax-phonology interface.

Download or read book The Morphosyntax of Reiteration in Creole and Non Creole Languages written by Enoch Oladé Aboh and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new contribution to a theory of reiteration in natural languages, with a special focus on creoles. Reiteration is meant to denote any situation where the same form occurs (at least) twice within the boundaries of some linguistic domain. By including two case studies bearing on Hebrew and Breton alongside five chapters on creole languages (Surinam creole, Haitian, Mauritian, São Tomé and Pitchi), this volume brings counter-evidence to the claim that reiteration phenomena are particularly typical of creoles. And by exploring the syntax of reiteration alongside its morphology, the authors are led to challenge the 'iconic' theory of 'reduplication' proposed in several other studies of similar phenomena. This volume will be relevant for creole studies, but also for readers more generally interested in language universals and the architecture of grammars.

Download or read book Readings in Community Organization Practice written by Ralph M. Kramer and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1983 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This book is a selection of readings on the practices of community organization and social planning, encompassing the elements of community organizing, participation, program planning, and policy analysis. Chapter One: Contexts: Community and Organization deals with the sources of the conditions that need to be amended, which includes communities and organizations. Chapter Two: Citizen Participation examines the participation of people in community organization and social planning. Chapter Three: Professional Change Agents and Their Strategies and Chapter Four: The Process of Program Planning: Knowledge and Technology concern the major aspects of the planning practice, program development and planning design. Chapter Five concludes this book with discussions on various aspects of social policy. This book offers much of the current thinking on community organization for the 1980s and 1990s.

Download or read book Agriculture and the Great Depression written by Gérard Béaur and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-14 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role did the agricultural sector play in the economic crash of 1929? Taking evidence from country cases across Europe and the Americas, this edited volume explores short-, medium- and long- term perspectives on the primary sector. The monograph brings together the voices of an international panel of contributors who examine issues such as falling prices, industrial production, unemployment and the stagnation of aggregate demand. Together, they frame the interwar period as a pivotal turning point in the decline of subsistence agriculture and the growth of agricultural subsidies, which remain a key policy tool in many economies today. This illuminating book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in economic history, agricultural history, globalization and economic development.

Download or read book The Discourse Potential of Underspecified Structures written by Anita Steube and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-11-03 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume demonstrates the interdependence of man’s language capacity and his other conceptual capacities. This enables linguistic structures to be minimalised, and for extra-linguistic domains to provide much of the interpretations of sound and meaning. Underspecification is demonstrated in the word formation of Indo-European, Late Archaic Chinese and modern Khmer; on the word- and sentence levels by the event structures of German; and in the information structure predominantly of languages with the so-called free word order: German, Slavic languages, Arabic compared with English and the tone language Hausa. The volume is noteworthy due to the close cooperation between theoretical and experimental research. Within grammar, it has especially strengthened prosodic research and the syntax-phonology interrelations and their interpretations, and it has helped to create data bases for the relations within texts and to evaluate the findings.

Download or read book Focus in Generative Grammar written by Michael Shaun Rochemont and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of this book is the notion of focus and its linguistic characterization. The main thesis is that focus has a uniform grammatical identification only as a syntactic element with in English at least a certain systematic phonological interpretation and presumably universally a range of semantic interpretations. In broad respects, the framework within this investigation is conducted is that of Chomsky & Lasnik (1977) and the subsequent Government and Binding framework. After considering defining the location of prominence in a focused phrase in terms of constituent structure, the author argues that an argument structure approach to the focus phrase/prominence relation is more promising. This is then exemplified in analyses of cleft focus and constructional focus.

Download or read book Hearings Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Public Works written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genericity written by Alda Mari and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the study of generics and pursues the enterprise of the influential Generic Book edited by Gregory Carlson and Jeffry Pelletier, which was published in 1995. Genericity is a key notion in the study of human cognition as it reveals our capacity to organize our perceived reality into classes and to describe regularities. The generic can be expressed at the level of a word or phrase (ie the potato in The Irish economy became dependent upon the potato) or an entire sentence (eg in John smokes a cigar after dinner, the generic aspect is a property of the expression, rather than any single word or phrase within it). This book gathers new work from senior and young researchers to reconsider the notion of genericity, examining the distinct contributions made by the determiner phrase (eg the notions of kind/individual) and the verbal predicate (eg the notions of permanency, disposition, ability, habituality, and plurality). Finally, in connection with the whole sentence, the analytic/synthetic distinction is discussed as well as the notion of normality. The book will appeal to both students and scholars in linguistics, philosophy and cognitive science

Download or read book Fundamentals and Evolution of MPEG 2 Systems written by Jan Van der Meer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-20 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals and details of MPEG-2Systems technology Written by an expert in the field, this book examines the MPEG-2system specification as developed in the early 1990’s, aswell as its evolution into the fourth edition of the MPEG-2 systemsstandard, published in 2013. While MPEG-2 systems will continue toevolve further, this book describes the MPEG-2 system functionalityas of October 2013. Furthermore, relevant background information isprovided. The discussion of MPEG-2 system functionality requiresknowledge of various fundamental issues, such as timing, andsupported content formats. Therefore also some basic information onvideo and audio coding is provided, including their evolution. Alsoother content formats supported in MPEG-2 systems are described, asfar as needed to understand MPEG-2 systems. Ordered logically working from the basics and backgroundthrough to the details and fundamentals of MPEG-2 transport streamsand program streams Explores important issues within the standardization processitself Puts the developments on MPEG-2 systems into historicperspective Includes support of 3D Video and transport of AVC, SVC andMVC Concludes with additional issues such as real-time interface,delivery over IP networks and usage by application standardizationbodies Predicts a continuing promising future for MPEG-2 transportstreams

Download or read book Single Parent Families written by Marvin B Sussman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a comprehensive source of vital information on single parent families in contemporary society. This book analyzes literature and empirical research concerning single parent families and explores issues and challenges they face. Contributing authors from many fields and perspectives examine a broad range of subjects relating to families in which one person is primarily responsible for parenting. The only state-of-the-art compendium on the topic of single parent families available today, the book synthesizes empirical, theoretical, and contemporary literature about the diversity, myths, and realities of single parent families in western countries. Each chapter contains a demographic overview, definitions, a literature review, and implications for practice, research, education, and social policy. Theoretical and conceptual perspectives related to parenting and wider families are included. An analysis, synthesis, and commentary on single parent families concludes the volume. Themes highlighted throughout the book include socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of single parent families, cultural and ethnic features, and legal and ethical components. Some chapter topics include: single parenthood following divorce single parenthood following death of a spouse never married teen mothers and fathers female-headed homeless families adoptions by single parents noncustodial mothers and fathers grandparents as primary parents single parents of children with disabilities Single Parent Families contains additional resources useful for family professionals: an annotated bibliography, a video/filmography, and a national community resource list. The book is intended for a multidisciplinary audience, including sociologists, psychologists, health care professionals, social workers, therapists, and other researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and educators. An ideal primary or reference text for undergraduate and graduate level programs, the book can also serve as a tool for staff development and continuing education in service agencies.