Download or read book Why Agency Costs Explain Diversification Discounts written by Peter Högfeldt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study diversification within the real estate industry because of its relative transparency: portfolio management of assets with well-defined market prices. Diversification is over property types and geographical regions. The major cause of the diversification discount is not diversification per se but anticipated costs due to rent dissipation in future diversifying acquisitions. Firms expected to pursue non-focusing strategies do indeed diversify more; are valued ex ante at a 20% discount over firms anticipated to follow a focusing strategy; are predominantly privately controlled and extensively using dual-class shares. The ex ante diversification discount is therefore a measure of agency costs.

Download or read book Why Agency Costs Explain Diversification Discounts by Henrik Cronqvist Peter H gfeldt and Mattias Nilsson written by Henrik Cronqvist and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Coinsurance Effect of Corporate Diversification written by Dominik Nußmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dominik Nußmann comprehensively analyzes the coinsurance effect of corporate diversification by first providing a structured review of all relevant findings presented in the financial economics and accounting literature. Based on this review, he examines important accounting and economic implications of the coinsurance effect by means of two comprehensive empirical analyses. In particular, he finds that diversified firms benefit from coinsurance through financial as well as accounting synergies which entail considerable value-enhancing potentials.

Download or read book Stockholm School of Economics Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance Why Agency Costs Explain Diversification Discounts written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents " Why Agency Costs Explain Diversification Discounts," paper number 294 in the Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance of the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden. Examines links between agency costs associated with private ownership and diversification discounts within a single industry.

Download or read book A Dynamic Model of Diversification and Divestiture written by Yuri Khoroshilov and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical studies show that a large portion of the diversification discount can be explained by controlling for firm-specific characteristics. Although these studies leave no doubt that there is a self-selection component in firm's decision to diversify, the failure to explain the entire discount implies that some conglomerates destroy value and raises a question: why firms choose to diversify and what prevent them from value-increasing divestitures. This paper provides an answer to this question. It argues that the agency cost in a conglomerate is positively related to the number of divisions with good investment opportunities. Therefore, benefits of conglomeration offset agency costs for conglomerates with a number of bad divisions and make diversification profitable for bad firms. However, when investment opportunities of some divisions improve, the agency cost increases and offsets the benefits of diversification. Unfortunately, if investors cannot correctly price all of the conglomerate's divisions, the conglomerate cannot receive the fair price for its good divisions and, therefore, cannot implement value-increasing divestitures. As a result, the paper predicts a negative relationship between the age of the conglomerate and the diversification discount, while a failure to control for the self-selection bias may lead to an incorrect conclusion that this relationship is positive. By looking at the exogenous shocks to the economy, the paper also predicts more refocusing activities and greater value-distortion of diversification during economic booms.

Download or read book The Control of Corporate Europe written by Fabrizio Barca and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-11-15 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international team of authors, this book provides the first systematic account of the control of corporate Europe based on voting block data disclosed in accordance with the European Union's Large Holdings Directive (88/627/EEC). The study provides detailed information on the voting control of companies listed on the official markets in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and, as a benchmark comparison, the United States. The authors record a high concentration of control of corporations in many European countries with single blockholders frequently controlling more than fifty per cent of corporate votes. In contrast, a majority of UK listed companies have no blockholder owning more than ten per cent of shares, and a majority of US listed companies have no blockholder with more than six per cent of shares. Those chapters devoted to individual countries illustrate how blockholders can use legal devices to leverage their voting power over their cash-flow rights, or how incumbents prevent outsiders from gaining voting control. It is shown that the cultural and linguistic diversity of Europe is (almost) matched by its variety of corporate control arrangements.

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Finance written by G. Constantinides and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-04 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arbitrage, State Prices and Portfolio Theory / Philip h. Dybvig and Stephen a. Ross / - Intertemporal Asset Pricing Theory / Darrell Duffle / - Tests of Multifactor Pricing Models, Volatility Bounds and Portfolio Performance / Wayne E. Ferson / - Consumption-Based Asset Pricing / John y Campbell / - The Equity Premium in Retrospect / Rainish Mehra and Edward c. Prescott / - Anomalies and Market Efficiency / William Schwert / - Are Financial Assets Priced Locally or Globally? / G. Andrew Karolyi and Rene M. Stuli / - Microstructure and Asset Pricing / David Easley and Maureen O'hara / - A Survey of Behavioral Finance / Nicholas Barberis and Richard Thaler / - Derivatives / Robert E. Whaley / - Fixed-Income Pricing / Qiang Dai and Kenneth J. Singleton.

Download or read book Agency Costs and the Size Discount written by David Offenberg and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many scholars have found a negative relationship between a firm's size and its value, as measured by Tobin's q. This result is called the size discount. There are hypotheses about why the size discount exists, but none have been rigorously empirically tested. This paper argues that the size discount is created by the inability of shareholders to minimize agency costs in larger companies. Statistical tests suggest that the size discount only appears in large firms with managers that impose excessive agency costs upon their shareholders. Empiricists who use Tobin's q to proxy for growth opportunities may need a different proxy.

Download or read book Closed End Fund Discounts in a Rational Agent Economy written by Matthew I. Spiegel and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly any standard financial model concludes that two assets with identical cash flows must sell for the same price. Alas, closed-end mutual fund company share prices seem to violate thisfundamental tenant. Even when one considers several standard frictions, such as taxes and agency costs, classical financial models cannot explain the large persistent discounts foundwithin the data. While the standard financial markets model may not explain the existence of large closed-end fund discounts, this paper shows that a rather close version of it does. In anotherwise frictionless market, if asset supplies vary randomly over time and agents posses finite lives a closed-end mutual fund's stock price may not track its net asset value. Furthermore, the analysis provides a number of conditions under which these discrepancies will lead to the existence of systematic discounts for the mutual fund's shares. In addition, the model provides predictions regarding the correlation between current closed-end fund discounts and current changes in stock prices and future changes in corporate productivity. As the analysis shows the same parameter values that lead to systematic discounts also lead to other fund price characteristics that resemble many of the results found within empirical studies.

Download or read book Handbook of Corporate Finance written by Bjørn Espen Eckbo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-05-21 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judging by the sheer number of papers reviewed in this Handbook, the empirical analysis of firms’ financing and investment decisions—empirical corporate finance—has become a dominant field in financial economics. The growing interest in everything “corporate is fueled by a healthy combination of fundamental theoretical developments and recent widespread access to large transactional data bases. A less scientific—but nevertheless important—source of inspiration is a growing awareness of the important social implications of corporate behavior and governance. This Handbook takes stock of the main empirical findings to date across an unprecedented spectrum of corporate finance issues, ranging from econometric methodology, to raising capital and capital structure choice, and to managerial incentives and corporate investment behavior. The surveys are written by leading empirical researchers that remain active in their respective areas of interest. With few exceptions, the writing style makes the chapters accessible to industry practitioners. For doctoral students and seasoned academics, the surveys offer dense roadmaps into the empirical research landscape and provide suggestions for future work. *The Handbooks in Finance series offers a broad group of outstanding volumes in various areas of finance *Each individual volume in the series should present an accurate self-contained survey of a sub-field of finance *The series is international in scope with contributions from field leaders the world over

Download or read book Logistic Real Estate Investment and REITs in Europe written by Gianluca Mattarocci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete analysis of the logistic market, with a special focus on performance and risk characteristics, demand and supply, and diversification strategy. The authors offer cutting-edge research and detailed case studies from countries in Europe, evaluating the market features of the logistic sector and its differences to alternative types of real estate assets. With its comprehensive overview of the logistic market, both academics and practitioners will find this an engaging study, as well as those generally wishing to gain knowledge about investing in this segment of the real estate industry.

Download or read book Geographic Diversification and Agency Costs of Debt of Multinational Firms written by John A. Doukas and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the agency conflicts between shareholders and bondholders of multinational and nonmultinational firms and provides an explanation for the puzzle that multinational firms use less long-term debtbut more short-term debt than domestic firms. Using a sample of 6,951 firm-year observations for multinational and domestic firms over the 1988-1994 period, we find that alternative measures of agency costs havestatistically significant negative effects on firm long-term leverage. The results, however, also show that the negative effects of agency costs of debt on long-term leverage are significantly greater for multinational than non-multinational firms. It is documented that the effect of the agency costs of debt on leverage are increasedby the firm s degree of foreign involvement. The evidence shows that firm s increasing foreign involvement exacerbates agency costs of debt leading to lower (greater) use of long-term (short-term) debt financing. Thisresult is also confirmed using alternative measures of foreign involvement. The evidence is consistent with the view that multinational corporations are susceptible to higher agency costs of debt than domestic corporations because geographic diversity renders active monitoring more difficult and expensive in comparison to domestic firms. The results fail to support the view that MNCs lower long-term debt ratios are due to the advantages of the internal capital markets.

Download or read book Issues in Industrial Relations and Management 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Industrial Relations and Management: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Management Research. The editors have built Issues in Industrial Relations and Management: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Management Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Industrial Relations and Management: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Mergers Acquisitions and Corporate Restructurings written by Patrick A. Gaughan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential M&A primer, updated with the latest research and statistics Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings provides a comprehensive look at the field's growth and development, and places M&As in realistic context amidst changing trends, legislation, and global perspectives. All-inclusive coverage merges expert discussion with extensive graphs, research, and case studies to show how M&As can be used successfully, how each form works, and how they are governed by the laws of major countries. Strategies and motives are carefully analyzed alongside legalities each step of the way, and specific techniques are dissected to provide deep insight into real-world operations. This new seventh edition has been revised to improve clarity and approachability, and features the latest research and data to provide the most accurate assessment of the current M&A landscape. Ancillary materials include PowerPoint slides, a sample syllabus, and a test bank to facilitate training and streamline comprehension. As the global economy slows, merger and acquisition activity is expected to increase. This book provides an M&A primer for business executives and financial managers seeking a deeper understanding of how corporate restructuring can work for their companies. Understand the many forms of M&As, and the laws that govern them Learn the offensive and defensive techniques used during hostile acquisitions Delve into the strategies and motives that inspire M&As Access the latest data, research, and case studies on private equity, ethics, corporate governance, and more From large megadeals to various forms of downsizing, a full range of restructuring practices are currently being used to revitalize and supercharge companies around the world. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings is an essential resource for executives needing to quickly get up to date to plan their own company's next moves.

Download or read book Determinants of Enterprise Performance written by Derek L. Bosworth and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on our understanding of the management of enterprise, and explores the strategies that can be adopted to improve enterprise performance. It considers the importance of the quality of management in providing leadership and being willing to take risks. It also debates the effectiveness of adopting high performance management practices such as human resource management and market promotional activities. In focusing on management best practice and its link with performance under conditions of risk and uncertainty, the study addresses two key questions: what is the current evidence about the factors that make some enterprises perform better than others? and what are the lessons for company and public policy? This comprehensive study will appeal to students and researchers of economics and economic management.

Download or read book Related Diversification Agency Costs and Share written by Henrik Cronqvist and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Explaining the Diversification Discount written by José Manuel Campa and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diversified firms trade at a discount relative to similar single-segment firms. We argue in this paper that this observed discount is not per se evidence that diversification destroys value. Firms choose to diversify. Firm characteristics, which make firms diversify, might also cause them to be discounted. Not taking into account these firm characteristics might wrongly attribute the observed discount to diversification. Data from the Compustat Industry Segment File from 1978 to 1996 is used to select a sample of single segment and diversifying firms. We use three alternative econometric techniques to control for the endogeneity of the diversification decision. All three methods suggest the presence of self-selection in the decision to diversify and a negative correlation between firm's choice to diversify and firm value. The diversification discount always drops, and sometimes turns into a premium, when we control for the endogeneity of the diversification decision. We do a similar analysis in a sample of refocusing firms. Again, some evidence of self-selection by firms exists and we now find a positive correlation between firm's choice to refocus and firm value. These results consistently suggest the importance of taking the endogeneity of the diversification status into account, in analyzing its effect on firm value.