Download or read book Who is Paying for Health Care in Eastern Europe and Central Asia written by Maureen A. Lewis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informal payments in the health sector of Eastern and Central Asia are emerging as a fundamental aspect of health care financing and a serious impediment to health care reform. These informal payments, made to individuals or institutions in cash or in kind, are nearly always for services that are meant to be covered by the health care system. Such private payments to public personnel have created an informal market for health care , and are a form of corruption. This problem's roots are traced to declining revenues which have not coincided with a reduction in buildings, hospital beds and health personnel. In these circumstances informal payments compensate for lost earnings, and therefore reforms to modernise the region's health systems must compete with individuals' personal revenues. Options for addressing this problem include comprehensive anticorruption policies, downsizing of the public health system, reducing the set of services sibsidised by the state, encouraging cost sharing with those who can afford it, improving accountability, and promoting private alternatives.
Download or read book Getting Better written by Owen Smith and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty years ago, health outcomes in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia were not far behind those in Western Europe and well ahead of most other regions of the world. But progress since then has been slow. While life expectancy in the ECA region today is close to the global average, the gap with its western neighbors has doubled, and other middle-income regions have all surpassed ECA. Some countries in the region are doing better, but full convergence with the world’s most advanced health systems is still a long way off. At the same time, survey evidence suggests that the health sector is the top priority for additional investment among populations across the region. The experience of high-income countries also suggests that popular demand for strong and accessible health systems will only grow over time. Yet these aspirations must be reconciled with current fiscal realities. In brief, health sector issues are a challenge here to stay for policy-makers across the ECA region. This report draws on new evidence to explore the development challenge facing health sectors in ECA, and highlights three key agendas to help policy-makers seeking to achieve more rapid convergence with the world’s best performing health systems. The first is the health agenda, where the task is to strengthen public health and primary care interventions to help launch the “cardiovascular revolution” that has taken place in the West in recent decades. The second is the financing agenda, in which growing demand for medical care must be satisfied without imposing undue burden on households or government budgets. The third agenda relates to broader institutional arrangements. Here there are some key reform ingredients common to most advanced health systems that are still missing in many ECA countries. A common theme in each of these three agendas is the emphasis on improving outcomes, or “Getting Better”.
Download or read book Health written by Marc Suhrcke and published by European Observatory. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the first comprehensive effort to analyse the economic impact of ill health in the CEE-CIS (Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States) Region. This book explores the interdependence of health and economic development, focusing on the Region's significant economic burden of ill health.
Download or read book Economic Transition and Health Care Reform written by Adam Leive and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper exploits the staggered adoption of major concurrent health reforms in countries in Europe and Central Asia after 1990 to estimate their impact on public health expenditure, utilization, and avoidable deaths. While the health systems all derived from the same paradigm under central planning, they have since introduced changes to policies regarding cost-sharing, provider payment, financing, and the rationalization of hospital infrastructure. Social health insurance is predicted to increase this share, although the leads of both social health insurance and primary care fee-for-service suggest endogeneity may be an issue with the outpatient share regressions. Provider payment reforms produce the largest impact on spending, with fee-for-service increasing spending and patient-based payment reducing it. The impact on avoidable deaths is generally negligible, but there is some evidence of improvements due to fee-for-service. Considering the corresponding relative reduction in inpatient admissions and the incentives fee-for-service provides to deliver additional services, perhaps there is an overprovision of services in the primary care setting and an underutilization of more specialized hospital services.
Download or read book Implementing Health Financing Reform written by Joseph Kutzin and published by Observatory Studies. This book was released on 2010 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses the experience with the financing reforms implemented by the countries of Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Cauxasus and Central Asia.
Download or read book Implementing Health Financing Reform written by J. Kutzin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1990 the social and economic policies of the transition countries of central and eastern Europe the Caucasus and central Asia have diverged including the way they have reformed the financing of their health systems. This book analyses this rich experience in a systematic way. It reviews the background to health financing systems and reform in these countries starting with the legacy of the systems in the USSR and central and eastern Europe before 1990 and the consequences (particularly fiscal) of the transition for their organization and performance. Using in-depth country case experienc.
Download or read book Health Care In Central Asia written by Mckee and published by Open University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central Asia remains one of the least known parts of the former Soviet Union. The five central Asian republics gained their unexpected independence in 1991. They have faced enormous challenges over the last decade in reforming their health care systems, including adverse macro-economic conditions and political instability. To varying extents, each country is diverging from a hierarchical and unsustainable Soviet model health care system. Common strategies have involved devolving the ownership of health services, seeking sources of revenue additional to shrinking state taxes, 'down-sizing' their excessive hospital systems, introducing general practitioners into primary care services, and enhancing the training of health professionals. This book draws on a decade of experience of what has worked and what has not. It is an invaluable source for those working in the region and for others interested in the experiences of countries in political and economic transition.
Download or read book Golden Aging written by Maurizio Bussolo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to other regions, Europe and Central Asia are by far the oldest. Moreover, population aging is set to accelerate further over the coming decades as large segments turn old. Additionally, some countries such as Russia and certain Eastern European countries are facing a shrinkage of their population. Against this backdrop, this report investigates what stands in the way of societies reaping the full benefits of increased longevity--that is, longer lives and potentially prolonged payoffs from human capital--and what can help to mitigate the possible negative impacts of a smaller and older workforce. Beginning with a focus on demographic trends, the report puts the rapid decline in fertility and contrasting migration trends in the region in a historical perspective and looks forward to the varying paths that population change may follow in the region. Next, it examines the evidence on the likely impact of demographic change on growth and savings, the labor force, firm and economy-wide innovation, poverty and inequality, and intergenerational solidarity. Finally, the report goes beyond diagnostics and puts an emphasis on what we know regarding successful policy interventions, presenting evidence on what has and has not worked in the past.--Publisher description.
Download or read book Impact of Health Insurance in Low and Middle income Countries written by Maria-Luisa Escobar and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, many low- and middle-income countries have experimented with health insurance options. While their plans have varied widely in scale and ambition, their goals are the same: to make health services more affordable through the use of public subsidies while also moving care providers partially or fully into competitive markets. Until now, however, we have known little about the actual effects of these dramatic policy changes. Understanding the impact of health insurance-based care is key to the public policy debate of whether to extend insurance to low-income populationsand if so, how to do itor to serve them through other means.
Download or read book Reforming Health Care written by Željko Bogetić and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many health care reform proposals expand insurance coverage without fundamentally changing the structure of health insurance. The stay- well plan used in Mendocino County, California, since 1979, offers an alternative insurance structure that provides direct incentives for consumers to control utilization and adopt healthier lifestyles.
Download or read book The Impact of Global Drug Policy on Women written by Julia Buxton and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Examining the impact of drug criminalisation on a previously overlooked demographic, this book argues that women are disproportionately affected by a flawed policy approach.
Download or read book Economic and Financial Challenges for Balkan and Eastern European Countries written by Marietta Janowicz-Lomott and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings book presents selected papers from the 10th international conference on the "Economies of the Balkan and Eastern European Countries in the Changing World" (EBEEC), held in Warsaw, Poland, in May 2018. In addition to discussing the latest research, it includes papers adopting a wide variety of theoretical approaches and empirical methodologies and covering a number of key areas, such as international economics, economic growth, finance and banking, insurance, healthcare, agriculture, labor and energy markets, innovation, management and marketing. In addition, the authors discuss policy instruments and best practices for the region. This book appeals to scholars and students in fields of economics and finance as well as practitioners interested in the development of the region.
Download or read book EBOOK Purchasing to Improve Health Systems Performance written by Josep Figueras and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2005-03-16 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purchasing is championed as key to improving health systems performance. However, despite the central role the purchasing function plays in many health system reforms, there is very little evidence about its development or its real impact on societal objectives. This book addresses this gap and provides: ·A comprehensive account of the theory and practice of purchasing for health services across Europe ·An up-to-date analysis of the evidence on different approaches to purchasing ·Support for policy-makers and practitioners as they formulate purchasing strategies so that they can increase effectiveness and improve performance in their own national context ·An assessment of the intersecting roles of citizens, the government and the providers Written by leading health policy analysts, this book is essential reading for health policy makers, planners and managers as well as researchers and students in the field of health studies. Contributors: Toni Ashton, Philip Berman, Michael Borowitz, Helmut Brand, Reinhard Busse, Andrea Donatini, Martin Dlouhy, Antonio Duran, Tamás Evetovits, André P. van den Exter, Josep Figueras, Nick Freemantle, Julian Forder, Péter Gaál, Chris Ham, Brian Hardy, Petr Hava, David Hunter, Danguole Jankauskiene, Maris Jesse, Ninel Kadyrova, Joe Kutzin, John Langenbrunner, Donald W. Light, Hans Maarse, Nicholas Mays, Martin McKee, Eva Orosz, John Øvretveit, Dominique Polton, Alexander S. Preker, Thomas A. Rathwell, Sabine Richard, Ray Robinson, Andrei Rys, Constantino Sakellarides, Sergey Shishkin, Peter C. Smith, Markus Schneider, Francesco Taroni, Marcial Velasco-Garrido, Miriam Wiley
Download or read book Governance of Hospitals in Central and Eastern Europe written by Przemyslaw Marcin Sowa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a novel view of healthcare system transition in post-communist countries. It is the first region-wide comparative study of hospital governance in Eastern Europe. Comprehensive new material shows the evolution and significance of governance, complementing recent publications on the topic from industrialised countries. Throughout the book, governance is described and substantiated as a major component that, together with provider payment mechanisms, defines the hospital sector’s operations. This view subscribes to the economists’ growing appreciation of extra-financial aspects in the discussion of incentives and regulation of healthcare markets. In particular, the book explains how governance arrangements may affect the outcomes of healthcare financing reforms, and should thus be seen as a critical determinant of their success or failure. This new model of thinking about healthcare system transition emerges from an analysis of 22 countries over the course of two decades. While the primary focus of the study is on developing the hospital sector, an extensive background chapter provides a standalone introduction to the dynamically changing landscape of healthcare in Eastern Europe and an overview of the various problems and challenges the region is facing. Practitioners, policy-makers, academics and students interested in Eastern European healthcare systems, their origins, current status and ways forward, will appreciate the book’s reflections on the problem complexity, the clarity of its concepts, and its accessible style of presentation.
Download or read book Financing Health Care in East Asia and the Pacific written by John C. Langenbrunner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: East Asian and Pacific countries are growing rapidly. They need high quality, well-funded health systems to underpin their population growth and assure continued productivity and economic growth. But countries will need to spend wisely, using modern techniques of insurance and strategic contracting with providers.
Download or read book Europe and Central Asia s Great Post Communist Social Health Insurance Experiment Impacts on Health Sector and Labor Markets Outcomes written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance written by E. Kuhlmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-18 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with more general issues of healthcare policy and governance in a global perspective and using the lens of national case studies of healthcare reform, this handbook addresses key themes in the debates over changing healthcare policy.
