Download or read book What s Behind Mercosur s Common External Tariff written by Marcelo Olarreaga and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Most researchers focus on the political economy (interest group pressures) approach to analyzing why customs unions are formed, but terms-of-trade effects were also important in formation of the common market of the Southern Cone (Mercosur). Terms-of-trade externalities among Mercosur's members have been internalized in the common external tariff--Cover.
Download or read book What s Behind Mercosur s Common External Tariff written by Marcelo Olarreaga and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most researchers focus on the political economy (interest group pressures) approach to analyzing why customs unions are formed, but terms-of-trade effects were also important in formation of the Common Market of the Southern Cone (Mercosur). Terms-of-trade externalities among Mercosur's members have been internalized in the common external tariff. The theoretical literature on trade follows two different approaches to explaining the endogenous formation of customs unions: (1) The terms-of-trade approach, in which integrating partners are willing to exploit terms-of-trade effects. Using the terms-of-trade approach, one concludes that tariffs on imports from the rest of the world should increase after the formation of a regional bloc, because the market power of the region increases and terms-of-trade externalities can be internalized in the custom union's common external tariff. As the union forms, the domestic market gets larger and members' international market power increases. (2) The interest group pressures (political economy) approach, in which, for example, the customs union may offer the potential for exchanging markets or protection within the enlarged market. Using this approach, one would usually conclude that tariffs for the rest of the world decline after the custom union`s formation - a rationale related to free-rider effects in larger lobbying groups. It is important to recognize the forces behind the formation of customs unions. Most researchers have focused on the second approach and neglected terms of trade as a possible explanatory variable. Both rationales explain a significant share of tariff information. Results, write Olarreaga, Soloaga, and Winters, suggest that both forces were important in formation of the Common Market of the Southern Cone (Mercosur). Terms-of-trade effects account for between 6 percent and 28 percent of the explained variation in the structure of protection. There is also evidence that the terms-of-trade externalities among Mercosur's members have been internalized in the common external tariff. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the political economy of trade protection.
Download or read book Latin America written by P. Coffey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America's experience with regional economic integration has been only slightly shorter than that of Europe. In fact, the first attempt at integration started as early as 1960, with the creation of LAFTA - the Latin American Free Trade Area (subsequently replaced by LAIA - the Latin American Integration Association). LAFTA, composed of 11 countries, sought, unsuccessfully, to create a free trade area in 12 years. In 1969, the Andean pact, which sought, also unsuccessfully, to create a sub-regional free trade area, was set up. Recently the Presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncion aimed at creating a common market as from 1st January, 1995. This common market, MERCOSUR, will be completed by 2006. In comparison with the earlier and unsuccessful attempts at integration, and despite challenges and problems, both internal and external, MERCOSUR is working, and trade between the member States is increasing. Furthermore, as with the case of the European Union (EU), serious attempts (notably between Argentina and Brazil) are being made to co-ordinate economic and monetary policies. The most important evidence of these moves is the introduction of hard currencies, the reduction in the size of the public sector and the privatization of State assets. These are clearly exciting times for Latin American integration. In this book, the first in a new series of books on International Economic Integration, the authors examine the experience of MERCOSUR in the Latin American integration progress. After an analysis of the history of the moves towards integration in South America, the case of each Member State and the Associate Country is examined and perspectives for the future are assessed.
Download or read book What s behid Mercosur s common external tariff written by Marcelo Olarreaga and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 25 Years of MERCOSUR A successful Example of Regional Integration written by Sabrina Schleimer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,3, Berlin School of Economics and Law, language: English, abstract: The following extended term paper will analyse MERCOSUR and examine whether it can be regarded as a successful example of regional integration. To do so, the paper will review the objectives set in the founding treaty, the Treaty of Asunción, and analyse whether they have been fully met. At a glance, the objectives of MERCOSUR were to “eliminate trade barriers, establish a common external tariff, coordinate macroeconomic policies and develop the harmonization of laws” (Arieti, 2006, p. 764). To fulfil these objectives, the development of MERCOSUR was supposed to go through three gradual stages: the first goal was to create a free trade area, this was to be followed by a customs union, and the third and final aim was the creation of a common market. These stages will be analysed to conclude if they have been reached. At the same time, the main achievements and challenges of MERCOSUR’s integration experience will be presented. The limited scope of this term paper does not allow for an analysis of every aspect in great detail. Due to this, the main focus after the theoretical section will be on the area of trade and on the earlier stages of the agreement, as this is most important to establish the success of MERCOSUR as a regional trade agreement and thus highly relevant to find an answer to the research question. In the era of globalisation, international markets have continued to grow in importance. Many regional economic integration agreements have been negotiated and created to improve competitiveness in global trade. One of these regional agreements is the ‘Mercado Común del Sur’ (MERCOSUR), in English ‘Common Market of the Southern Cone’, which was founded by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay in 1991. Its creation was expected to mark an economic transition of the region as “the conditions for economic expansion were viewed as highly favourable” (ASEAN Studies Centre, 2009, p. 10). 2016 marks the 25th anniversary of MERCOSUR and the regional trade agreement has grown to a significant size over the past years. It is the largest integration agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean, the fourth largest in the world and the fifth biggest economy in the world (MERCOSUR, 2017b). It encompasses around 260 million citizens and had a combined GDP of more than 2.8 trillion USD in 2015 (Campbell, 2015).
Download or read book Impacts of the MERCOSUR Agreement on the Uruguayan Economy written by Beatriz Legorburu and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the MERCOSUR agreement (Common Market of the Southern Cone), specifically the provision for a common external tariff and its impact on the economy of Uruguay. The thesis begins by examining the economic regionalism which gives rise to trade agreements such as MERCOSUR and investigates the trade mechanisms through which such regionalism is accomplished. The provisions and background of the MERCOSUR agreement are explored, as well as the economic conditions, current and historical, which exist in the participant countries. The work continues by exploring two possibilities for Uruguay: (1) to continue economic integration by entering a customs union scheduled to take effect on January 1995 or (2) to remain in a free trade zone with the other three countries (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay). These two possibilities are analyzed using traditional and new theories of international trade. The study further examines foreign direct investment and technology in the context of Uruguayan participation in MERCOSUR or in a free trade zone. The study concludes that if Uruguay, due to its small size, could obtain the special treatment of a free trade zone, the costs of trade diversion would be reduced and Uruguayan welfare would increase.
Download or read book Regional Integration in Latin America written by Anna Hallberg and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercosur written by Honorio Kume and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first half of 2001, the government of Argentina undertook some changes in the import tariffs of some products, eroding the Common External Tariff (CET) of Mercosur. In particular, the tariff rates of capital goods were reduced to zero, an action with potential negative implications for the Brazilian industry of such goods. In this paper the authors address two problems. First, in the case of the maintenance of the custom union they examine the best structures for the CET, such that the different interests related to competitiveness and economic growth in the four member countries could be reconciled. If such agreement is not reached, the authors then consider the case of Mercosur being transformed into a free trade zone. This would probably reinforce the requisites of regional content in the products exchanged and the negative effects of trade diversion could be enhanced.
Download or read book Negotiating Market Access Between the European Union and MERCOSUR written by Antoni Estevadeordal and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2000 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).
Download or read book Opportunities for Improving Environmental Compliance in Mexico written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "One of the main reasons for noncompliant firms' poor environmental performance is the information gap on Mexico's environmental policy. Pollution control could be improved through systematically fuller communication targeted to noncompliant firms-- including more environmental education, especially of senior managers"--Cover.
Download or read book True World Income Distribution 1988 and 1993 written by Branko Milanovi? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Inequality in world income is very high, according to household surveys, more because of differences between mean country incomes than because of inequality within countries. World inequality increased between 1988 and 1993, driven by slower growth in rural per capita incomes in populous Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, and India) than in large, rich OECD countries, and by increasing income differences between urban China on the one hand and rural China and rural India on the other"--Cover.
Download or read book Will the Euro Create a Bonanza for Africa written by Daniel Cohen and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "At this stage, it is difficult to conclude that the euro will have substantial macroeconomic impact on sub-Saharan Africa, unless launch of the euro becomes the tool of a major policy shift, such as the "euroization" of the continent-- which is currently unlikely"--Cover.
Download or read book Beyond Capital Ideals written by Gerard Caprio and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hard on the heels of Mexico's crisis in 1994, a wave of financial crises swept across emerging economies-- from East Asia and Russia to Brazil-- bringing the fragility of banking and finance into unprecedented focus. What has gone wrong?--Cover.
Download or read book Landlocked Countries in South America written by United Nations and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyses the current state of the landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) Bolivia and Paraguay. It analyses the traditional topics: infrastructure at national level and connectivity towards adjacent countries; the recent development in international laws and treaties; and cross-border operation. The report also evaluates the level of international transport costs and the potential impact on trade. It further presents the currently induced over costs in logistic chains, which pose an additional burden to the competitiveness of the countries.
Download or read book Universal Service Obligations in Utility Concession Contracts and the Needs of the Poor in Argentina s Privatizations written by Omar O. Chisari and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The structural changes that come with privatization may induce a reconsideration of the regulations defined during the early stages of privatization"--Cover.
Download or read book Argentina s Transport Privatization and Re regulation written by Antonio Estache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Argentina's policy for reform of the transport sector has been a mix of competition in the market and, through concessions, for the market. Capacity has increased, demand has grown, and prices and services have improved. Public financing has not been eliminated but it has been drastically reduced"--Cover.