Download or read book Wettability in Porous Media From Macroscopic Measurements to Pore scale Characterization written by Prisca Andriamananjaona and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wettability refers to the relative affinity of a solid material for one fluid in the presence of another fluid. This property is usually inferred from the measurement of the contact angle formed at the triple-point, i.e. the point where the three phases meet. Wettability is a crucial parameter to be considered when dealing with multiphase flows in confined porous media as it dramatically impacts the fluids distribution. This property is therefore of major concern in the petroleum industry as it has, among others, an influence on the relative permeability, on the efficiency of one recovery process over another, and ultimately on the amount of recoverable oil. In an oil reservoir subjected to recovery by waterflooding for example, the amount of produced oil will highly differ if the rock is water wet, or oil wet. Despite the well-established correlation between wettability and recovery efficiency, its distinct characterization and impact at the pore-level remains poorly understood. Reservoir rocks are porous media, i.e. composed of a solid matrix and a connected pore-space. The fluids are located in micrometer-sized pores, rendering direct observation challenging. To overcome that difficulty, empirical measurements were devised to evaluate rocks wettability. The most widespread tests in the petrophysical community are based on the amount of recovered fluids after successive flows. The present work focuses on Amott tests performed on rock/water/oil systems. The wettability state is given by three indices obtained through recovery measurements after successive spontaneous and forced flow. The extreme wettability state presents no ambiguity whereas the intermediate states can be trickier to interpret. Different combinations of indices can yield the same global index, while referring to very different pore-scale phenomena. The advent of powerful imaging methods now allows observing the phenomena occurring in the pore-space. The objective of the current study aims at conciliating the classic macroscopic determination of the wettability state with its manifestation at the pore-scale. To do so, we use laboratory microcomputed tomography (μCT). This technique allows to access to the pore-scale in a non-destructive fashion. It is similar to the imaging methods used in medical applications, but with a resolution that allows to access to the micron scale. In this work, we therefore conduct μCT acquisitions after each flow step of the Amott test. However, as the Amott test is a volume-based measurement, it requires centimeter-sized sample to limit he measurement uncertainty, whereas the μCT technique requires millimeter-sized samples to be able to reliably vizualize the pore-space. To resolve this conflict, we perform our experiments on Bentheimer sandstone as the biggest portion of its pore space is observable by means of μCT, while still being a representative rock for conventional oil reservoirs. Furthermore, we choose to perform the Amott tests on at least two differents sample sizes: the classical plug (centimeter sized), and one or two mini-plugs, suitable for imaging. To be as representative as possible, all samples are subjected to the same flow conditions, at the same time. The first part of this work therefore focuses on the adaptation of the conventional experimental procedure towards small rock samples, and the validation of the change-of-scales: we especially highlight some end effects after spontaneous flow that impact the saturation state differently, depending on the sample size. The second part of the work focuses on the comparison between the wettability state given by the Amott test, and the corresponding analyses at the pore-scale. We confront three distinct wettability states covering the range from water-wet, over intermediate wet to oil wet. The pore-scale analyses corroborate the Amott test results, and help to advance the understanding of pore-scale phenomena.
Download or read book Multiphase Flow in Permeable Media written by Martin J. Blunt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a fundamental description of multiphase fluid flow through porous rock, based on understanding movement at the pore, or microscopic, scale.
Download or read book Pore Space Deformation and Its Implications for Multiphase Flow Through Porous Media Under Various Wettability Conditions written by Rui Wang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pore space deformation significantly affects multiphase flow behavior in porous media. It alters the distribution of fluids at the pore scale which in turn leads to changes in the effective permeability, relative permeability, capillary pressure, etc. However, due to the lack of fundamental studies on the mechanisms correlating the pore-level fluid displacements with the pore space deformation, no compelling conclusions have been reached to account for the observed effects. To explore this correlation, a series of carefully characterized unsteady- and steady-state two-phase core-flooding experiments were performed on miniature sandpack samples under varying stress conditions while the pore space was being imaged using high-resolution x-ray microtomography techniques to acquire three-dimensional pore fluid configuration maps. In these studies, the deformation of the sandpack samples was characterized at both macro and micro scales. The impact of deformation on the frequency of various pore-scale fluid displacement mechanisms as well as fluid saturations and volumes during different flow processes (drainage and imbibition) were also investigated. Changes in the multiphase flow behavior, such as fluid velocity and pressure, were evaluated through direct simulations, which used a finite volume method to solve Navier-Stoke equations. Moreover, the variations in the in-situ capillary pressure caused by the pore space deformation were explored through interfacial curvature analysis. The relationship between relative permeabilities and effective stress was probed. Finally, in connection to the geological storage of carbon dioxide in deep saline aquifers, the impact of pore space deformation on residual trapping and dissolution of supercritical CO2 in brine saturated sandpacks was carefully examined through micro-scale flow experiments conducted under varying stress conditions. It was observed that in a water-wet porous medium, unsteady-state drainage can be both strengthened due to the higher fluid velocity and weakened by the increase in the threshold capillary pressure after the pore space contraction. By contrast, unsteady imbibition was affected solely by variations in the threshold capillary pressure and, consequently, was facilitated as the pore sizes reduced. During the steady-state core-flooding tests, additional drainage and imbibition displacements were triggered by the pore space expansion and contraction, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that wettability was one of the key properties that governed the impact of pore space deformation on the multiphase flow behavior in porous media. The wetting phase hydraulic conductivity was more sensitive to the pore space deformation than that of the non-wetting phase, because of their topologically different distributions in the pore space. Consequently, the relative permeability of the wetting phase decreased with the increase in the effective stress, while that of the non-wetting phase increased. However, this behavior changed as the wettability of the porous medium was altered to a weakly oil-wet state through a dynamic aging process. These studies provided novel insights into the fluid flow behavior in unconsolidated porous media under varying stress conditions, which are of ever-increasing importance to many subsurface applications, including hydrocarbon recovery, water management, CO2 sequestration, and hydrogen storage.
Download or read book Characterization and Measurement of the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Porous Media written by M. Th Van Genuchten and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Porous Media Fluid Transport and Pore Structure written by F Dullien and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure presents relevant data on the role of pore structure in terms of transport phenomena in pore spaces. The information is then applied to the interpretation of various experiments and results of model calculations. This book emphasizes the discussion of ""flow through porous media"" in terms of interactions among the three main factors. These factors are transport phenomena, interfacial effects, and pore structure. An introductory chapter opens the text and presents some of the basic concepts and terms that will be encountered all throughout. Chapters 2 to 4 focus on the important foundations of the physical phenomena as applied in the pore space of porous media. These foundations are capillarity, pore structure, and single phase flow and diffusion. Chapters 5 to 7 discuss more in detail the different applications of pore structure to various operations and processes. Some of the concepts covered in this part of the book include flow and/or diffusion through a porous medium, simultaneous flow of immiscible fluids and immiscible displacement, and miscible displacement and hydrodynamic dispersion. This book is a good reference to students, scientists, and engineers in the field of chemistry, physics, and biology.
Download or read book Handbook of Porous Media written by Kambiz Vafai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-07-12 with total page 927 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Presents the most important and up-to-date research related to heat transfer in porous media, focusing on practical applications of the latest studies to engineering products and procedures. Includes theoretical models of fluid flow, capillary effects, application of fractal and percolation characterizing porous materials, multiphase flow and heat transfer, turbulent flow and heat transfer, improved measurement and flow visualization techniques, and enhanced design correlations."
Download or read book Pore scale Microstructure Mechanisms and Models for Subsurface Flow and Transport written by James E. McClure and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In situ Capillary Pressure and Its Interrelationships with Multiphase Flow Characteristics written by Ahmed S. Zankoor and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow and trapping processes of immiscible fluids in porous materials are regularly encountered in a wide range of applications including soil science, oil and gas recovery, geologic sequestration of CO2, and food processing. Such media are characterized by the existence of pore-scale interfaces which are strongly interrelated with the various phenomena and processes associated with these systems. In this dissertation, we develop and present a comprehensive understanding of several of these interrelationships through robust and cohesive experimental and computational research work. We first develop image analysis platforms for in-situ characterization of capillary pressure and wettability using x-ray computed tomography images of saturated porous media. These platforms incorporate practical high-performance computing and image analysis techniques to enhance their efficacy when applied to large-sized micro-CT images of extremely complex porous media. After a rigorous validation process, we use these platforms to analyze pore-scale fluid occupancy maps acquired during a wide range of multiphase core flooding experiments including complex processes such as steady-state two- and three-phase flow tests and various wettability and stress conditions. Our investigations show that a strong correspondence exists between the micro- (image-based) and macro-scale two-phase capillary pressure functions. However, the intermittent nature of the pore-scale displacement events contributes to the discrepancy between the multi-scale behavior. Similarly, during three-phase flow, the local capillary pressures corresponding to the invading phase comply with the macroscopic flow ratios. Nonetheless, more intricate pore-scale interactions such as hyperactive trapping and double displacement events further impact the local capillary pressure changes. Furthermore, capillary pressure gradients across the porous media are incorporated in the three-phase relative permeability measurements. In-situ capillary pressure measurements are also efficiently used to characterize the hydro-mechanical behavior of porous media under various wettability conditions. We find that wettability plays a crucial role in the interplay between the fluids' volume-pressure functions and the effective stress on sandpack samples. In particular, capillary pressure reductions and increases are observed and associated with interfaces being displaced or hinged in place in response to compression processes under water- and mixed-wet conditions, respectively.
Download or read book Upscaling Multiphase Flow in Porous Media written by D.B. Das and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides concise, up-to-date and easy-to-follow information on certain aspects of an ever important research area: multiphase flow in porous media. This flow type is of great significance in many petroleum and environmental engineering problems, such as in secondary and tertiary oil recovery, subsurface remediation and CO2 sequestration. This book contains a collection of selected papers (all refereed) from a number of well-known experts on multiphase flow. The papers describe both recent and state-of-the-art modeling and experimental techniques for study of multiphase flow phenomena in porous media. Specifically, the book analyses three advanced topics: upscaling, pore-scale modeling, and dynamic effects in multiphase flow in porous media. This will be an invaluable reference for the development of new theories and computer-based modeling techniques for solving realistic multiphase flow problems. Part of this book has already been published in a journal. Audience This book will be of interest to academics, researchers and consultants working in the area of flow in porous media.
Download or read book Porous Media written by F. A.L. Dullien and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between transport properties and pore structure of porous material. Models of pore structure are presented with a discussion of how such models can be used to predict the transport properties of porous media. Portions of the book are devoted to interpretations of experimental results in this area and directions for future research. Practical applications are given where applicable, and are expected to be useful for a large number of different fields, including reservoir engineering, geology, hydrogeology, soil science, chemical process engineering, biomedical engineering, fuel technology, hydrometallurgy, nuclear reactor technology, and materials science. Presents mechanisms of immiscible and miscible displacement (hydrodynamic dispersion) process in porous media Examines relationships between pore structure and fluid transport Considers approaches to enhanced oil recovery Explores network modeling and perolation theory
Download or read book Flow and Transformations in Porous Media written by Renaud Toussaint and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid flow in transforming porous rocks, fracture networks, and granular media is a very active interdisciplinary research subject in Physics, Earth Sciences, and Engineering. Examples of natural and engineered processes include hydrocarbon recovery, carbon dioxide geo-sequestration, soil drying and wetting, pollution remediation, soil liquefaction, landslides, dynamics of wet or dry granular media, dynamics of faulting or friction, volcanic eruptions, gas venting in sediments, karst development and speleogenesis, ore deposit development, and radioactive waste disposal. Hydrodynamic flow instabilities and pore scale disorder typically result in complex flow patterning. In transforming media, additional mechanisms come into play: compaction, de-compaction, erosion, segregation, and fracturing lead to changes in permeability over time. Dissolution, precipitation, and chemical reactions between solutes and solids may gradually alter the composition and structure of the solid matrix, either creating or destroying permeable paths for fluid flow. A complex, dynamic feedback thus arises where, on the one hand, the fluid flow affects the characteristics of the porous medium, and on the other hand the changing medium influences the fluid flow. This Research Topic Ebook presents current research illustrating the depth and breadth of ongoing work in the field of flow and transformation in porous media through 15 papers by 72 authors from around the world. The body of work highlights the challenges posed by the vast range of length- and time-scales over which subsurface flow processes occur. Importantly, phenomena from each scale contribute to the larger-scale behavior. The flow of oil and gas in reservoirs, and the flow of groundwater on catchment scale is sensitively linked to pore scale processes and material heterogeneity down to the micrometer scale. The geological features of the same reservoirs and catchments evolved over millions of years, sometimes as a consequence of cracking and fracture growth occurring on the time scale of microseconds. The research presented by the authors of this Research Topic represents a step toward bridging the separation of scales as well as the separation of scientific disciplines so that a more unified picture of flow and transformation in porous media can start to emerge.
Download or read book Surface Science Techniques written by Gianangelo Bracco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the experimental techniques employed to study surfaces and interfaces. The emphasis is on the experimental method. Therefore all chapters start with an introduction of the scientific problem, the theory necessary to understand how the technique works and how to understand the results. Descriptions of real experimental setups, experimental results at different systems are given to show both the strength and the limits of the technique. In a final part the new developments and possible extensions of the techniques are presented. The included techniques provide microscopic as well as macroscopic information. They cover most of the techniques used in surface science.
Download or read book Pore scale Investigation of Wettability Effects on Two phase Flow in Porous Media written by Harris Rabbani and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of The Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering written by Baojiang Sun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering & The Third International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate, held in Qingdao, China in December 2021. The work focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil and gas hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the natural gas hydrate pilot production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.
Download or read book Surface Wetting written by Kock-Yee Law and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes wetting fundamentals and reviews the standard protocol for contact angle measurements. The authors include a brief overview of applications of contact angle measurements in surface science and engineering. They also discuss recent advances and research trends in wetting fundamentals and include measurement techniques and data interpretation of contract angles.
Download or read book Petrophysical Characterization and Fluids Transport in Unconventional Reservoirs written by Jianchao Cai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petrophysical Characterization and Fluids Transport in Unconventional Reservoirs presents a comprehensive look at these new methods and technologies for the petrophysical characterization of unconventional reservoirs, including recent theoretical advances and modeling on fluids transport in unconventional reservoirs. The book is a valuable tool for geoscientists and engineers working in academia and industry. Many novel technologies and approaches, including petrophysics, multi-scale modelling, rock reconstruction and upscaling approaches are discussed, along with the challenge of the development of unconventional reservoirs and the mechanism of multi-phase/multi-scale flow and transport in these structures. Includes both practical and theoretical research for the characterization of unconventional reservoirs Covers the basic approaches and mechanisms for enhanced recovery techniques in unconventional reservoirs Presents the latest research in the fluid transport processes in unconventional reservoirs
Download or read book Chemical and Geological Essays written by Thomas Sterry Hunt and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of the original, first published in 1875.
