Download or read book Weak Interactions of Hot Nuclei in Stellar Collapse written by Gordon Wendell Misch and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physics of the atomic nucleus and supernovas are fundamental to our very being. Indeed, supernovas provide the wind that disperses the nuclei of which we are composed, and the physics of nuclei is pivotal in supernova dynamics. During supernova core collapse, the extremely high temperatures and densities and low entropy favor large, neutron-rich nuclei at high excitation energy. My collaborators and I examine two weak interactions that occur in nuclei under these conditions. First, we study the production of neutrino pairs via de-excitation of hot nuclei. In de-exciting, the nucleus can emit a virtual Z0 boson that decays into a neutrino-antineutrino pair. We find this to be the dominant source of neutrino pairs of all flavors during collapse. Second, we use modern shell model computation techniques to revise the Brink-Axel hypothesis method of computing electron capture rates that was pioneered by Fuller, Fowler, and Newman. Our results show that the Brink-Axel hypothesis (which posits that the bulk of nuclear transition strength is distributed among transition energies independently of initial excitation energy) fails at low and moderate excitation, but that at high initial energies, the strength is largely independent of excitation. The failure of the Brink-Axel hypothesis manifests as the redistribution of strength to low and negative transition energies, which can have the effect of increasing the overall electron capture rate in the core.

Download or read book Nuclear Weak Interaction Rates During Stellar Evolution and Collapse written by George Michael Fuller and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nucleosynthesis in the Hot Convective Bubble in Core Collapse Supernovae written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an explosion develops in the collapsed core of a massive star, neutrino emission drives convection in a hot bubble of radiation, nucleons, and pairs just outside a proto-neutron star. Shortly thereafter, neutrinos drive a wind-like outflow from the neutron star. In both the convective bubble and the early wind, weak interactions temporarily cause a proton excess (Y{sub e} ≈> 0.50) to develop in the ejected matter. This situation lasts for at least the first second, and the approximately 0.05-0.1 M{sub {circle_dot}} that is ejected has an unusual composition that may be important for nucleosynthesis. Using tracer particles to follow the conditions in a two-dimensional model of a successful supernova explosion calculated by Janka, Buras, and Rampp (2003), they determine the composition of this material. most of it is helium and 56Ni. The rest is relatively rare species produced by the decay of proton-rich isotopes unstable to positron emission. In the absence of pronounced charged-current neutrino capture, nuclear flow will be held up by long-lived waiting point nuclei in the vicinity of 64Ge. The resulting abundance pattern can be modestly rich in a few interesting rare isotopes like 45Sc, 49Ti, and 64Zn. The present calculations imply yields that, when compared with the production of major species in the rest of the supernova, are about those needed to account for the solar abundance of 45Sc and 49Ti. Since the synthesis will be nearly the same in stars of high and low metallicity, the primary production of these species may have discernible signatures in the abundances of low metallicity stars. They also discuss uncertainties in the nuclear physics and early supernova evolution to which abundances of interesting nuclei are sensitive.

Download or read book Open Issues in Core Collapse Supernova Theory written by Anthony Mezzacappa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to uncover the explosion mechanism of core collapse supernovae and to understand all of their associated phenomena have been ongoing for nearly four decades. Despite this, our theoretical understanding of these cosmic events remains limited; two- and three-dimensional modeling of these events is in its infancy. Most of the modeling efforts over the past four decades have, by necessity, been constrained to spherical symmetry, with the first two-dimensional, albeit simplified, models appearing only during the last decade. Simulations to understand the complex interplay between the turbulent stellar core fluid flow, its magnetic fields, the neutrinos produced in and emanating from the proto-neutron star, the stellar core rotation, and the strong gravitational fields have yet to be performed. Only subsets of these fundamental ingredients have been included in the models thus far, often with approximation.The purpose of this volume is to identify the outstanding issues that remain in order to come to a complete understanding of these important astrophysical events. As the book focuses on open issues rather than the current state of the art in the field ? although the latter will certainly be discussed ? it will remain relevant for some time.

Download or read book Stellar Collapse written by Chris L. Fryer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-04-30 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supernovae, hypernovae and gamma-ray bursts are among the most energetic explosions in the universe. The light from these outbursts is, for a brief time, comparable to billions of stars and can outshine the host galaxy within which the explosions reside. Most of the heavy elements in the universe are formed within these energetic explosions. Surprisingly enough, the collapse of massive stars is the primary source of not just one, but all three of these explosions. As all of these explosions arise from stellar collapse, to understand one requires an understanding of the others. Stellar Collapse marks the first book to combine discussions of all three phenomena, focusing on the similarities and differences between them. Designed for graduate students and scientists newly entering this field, this book provides a review not only of these explosions, but the detailed physical models used to explain them from the numerical techniques used to model neutrino transport and gamma-ray transport to the detailed nuclear physics behind the evolution of the collapse to the observations that have led to these three classes of explosions.

Download or read book Neutrino nuclear responses for astro particle physics by nuclear reactions and nuclear decays written by Hiroyasu Ejiri and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclei in the Cosmos written by F Kappeler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclei in the Cosmos, a volume of conference papers, gathers together astronomers, astrophysicists, and nuclear physicists for a thorough discussion of nucleosynthesis, its role in the evolution of the universe, and its intriguing possibilities as a diagnostic tool for stellar interiors. Nineteen invited papers provide a solid review of nucleosynthesis topics, and approximately another 70 papers bring you up-to-date on the forefront of research in this quickly-developing area.

Download or read book The Weak Interaction in Nuclear Particle and Astrophysics written by K. Grotz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insight into concept of the weak interaction and its integration into the conceptual structure of elementary particle physics. It exhibits the important role of the weak interaction in nuclear, particle and astrophysics together with the close connection between these areas.

Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic progress has been made in all branches of physics since the National Research Council's 1986 decadal survey of the field. The Physics in a New Era series explores these advances and looks ahead to future goals. The series includes assessments of the major subfields and reports on several smaller subfields, and preparation has begun on an overview volume on the unity of physics, its relationships to other fields, and its contributions to national needs. Nuclear Physics is the latest volume of the series. The book describes current activity in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade.

Download or read book Nuclei in the cosmos V written by Sotiris Harissopulos and published by Atlantica Séguier Frontières. This book was released on 1998 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physics of Massive Stars and Supernovae written by Gail C. McLaughlin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-02-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Problems of Collapse and Numerical Relativity written by D. Bancel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Toulouse, France, November 7-11, 1983

Download or read book Stars A Very Short Introduction written by Andrew King and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every atom of our bodies has been part of a star. Our very own star, the Sun, is crucial to the development and sustainability of life on Earth. This Very Short Introduction presents a modern, authoritative examination of how stars live, producing all the chemical elements beyond helium, and how they die, sometimes spectacularly, to end as remnants such as black holes. Andrew King shows how understanding the stars is key to understanding the galaxies they inhabit, and thus the history of our entire Universe, as well as the existence of planets like our own. King presents a fascinating exploration of the science of stars, from the mechanisms that allow stars to form and the processes that allow them to shine, as well as the results of their inevitable death. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Download or read book Astrophysics in a Nutshell written by Dan Maoz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ideal one-semester astrophysics introduction for science undergraduates—now expanded and fully updated Winner of the American Astronomical Society's Chambliss Award, Astrophysics in a Nutshell has become the text of choice in astrophysics courses for science majors at top universities in North America and beyond. In this expanded and fully updated second edition, the book gets even better, with a new chapter on extrasolar planets; a greatly expanded chapter on the interstellar medium; fully updated facts and figures on all subjects, from the observed properties of white dwarfs to the latest results from precision cosmology; and additional instructive problem sets. Throughout, the text features the same focused, concise style and emphasis on physics intuition that have made the book a favorite of students and teachers. Written by Dan Maoz, a leading active researcher, and designed for advanced undergraduate science majors, Astrophysics in a Nutshell is a brief but thorough introduction to the observational data and theoretical concepts underlying modern astronomy. Generously illustrated, it covers the essentials of modern astrophysics, emphasizing the common physical principles that govern astronomical phenomena, and the interplay between theory and observation, while also introducing subjects at the forefront of modern research, including black holes, dark matter, dark energy, and gravitational lensing. In addition to serving as a course textbook, Astrophysics in a Nutshell is an ideal review for a qualifying exam and a handy reference for teachers and researchers. The most concise and current astrophysics textbook for science majors—now expanded and fully updated with the latest research results Contains a broad and well-balanced selection of traditional and current topics Uses simple, short, and clear derivations of physical results Trains students in the essential skills of order-of-magnitude analysis Features a new chapter on extrasolar planets, including discovery techniques Includes new and expanded sections and problems on the physics of shocks, supernova remnants, cosmic-ray acceleration, white dwarf properties, baryon acoustic oscillations, and more Contains instructive problem sets at the end of each chapter Solutions manual (available only to professors)

Download or read book Stellar Physics written by G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Stellar Physics" is a rather unique book in the growing literature on star formation and evolution. Not only does the author, a leading expert in the field, give a very thorough description of the current knowledge about stellar physics, but he handles with equal care the many problems that this field of research still faces. A bibliography with well over 650 entries makes this book an unparalleled source of references. "Stellar Evolution and Stability" is the second volume and can be read, as can the first volume, as a largely independent work. It traces in great detail the evolution of the protostar towards the main sequence and beyond this to the last stage of stellar evolution, with the corresponding vast range from white dwarfs to the mighty supernovae explosions and blackhole formation. The book concludes with special chapters on the dynamical, thermal and pulsing stability of stars.

Download or read book Seventy Years of Double Beta Decay written by H. V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ch. 1. Double beta decay - historical retrospective and perspectives. 1.1. From the early days until the gauge theory era. 1.2. The nuclear physics side - nuclear matrix elements. 1.3. Double beta decay, neutrino mass models and cosmological parameters - status and prospects. 1.4. Other beyond standard model physics : from SUSY and leptoquarks to compositeness and space time structure. 1.5. The experimental race : from the late eighties to the discovery of [symbol] decay. 1.6. The future of double beta decay. 1.7. Conclusion -- ch. 2. Original articles. 2.1. From the early days until the gauge theory era. 2.2. The nuclear physics side - nuclear matrix elements. 2.3. Double beta decay, neutrino mass models and cosmological parameters - status and prospects. 2.4. Other beyond standard model physics : from SUSY and leptoquarks to compositeness and space time structure. 2.5. The experimental race : from the late eighties to the discovery of [symbol] decay. 2.6. The future of double beta decay