Download or read book Water Conservation Traits to Increase Crop Yields in Water deficit Environments written by Thomas R. Sinclair and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores specific approaches that have shown to result in crop yield increases. Research on the physiological understanding of these methods has led to the development of practical applications of plant breeding approaches to genetically improve crops to achieve higher yields. Authoritative entries from crop scientists shed new light on two water-conservation traits: one that is based on an initiation of the decrease in transpiration earlier in the soil drying cycle, and the second that is based on a sensitivity of transpiration rate under high atmospheric vapor pressure deficit that results in partial stomatal closure. Both these approaches involve partial stomatal closure under well-defined situations to decrease the rate of soil water loss. Readers will be able to analyze the circumstances under which a benefit is achieved as a result of the water-limitation trait; and key discussion points in the case studies presented will help answer questions such as what species, which environments, how often will yield be benefited for various crop species? Contributions also review the genetic variation for these two traits within each crop species and the physiological basis for the expression of these traits.
Download or read book Root Methods written by A.L. Smit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of all modern methods for plant root research, both in the field and in the laboratory. It covers the effects of environmental interactions with root growth and function, focussing in particular on the assessment of root distribution and dynamics. It also describes and discusses the processing of root observations, analysis and modelling of root growth and architecture, root-image analysis, computer-assisted tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, a survey of the application of isotope techniques in root physiology is given.
Download or read book Response of Crops to Limited Water written by Lajpat Ahuja and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water stress and heat stress are considered to be two primary factors that limit crop production in many parts of the world. Global warming appears to be increasing the water requirements of plants. Understanding the impact of water deficit on plant physiological processes and efficient water management are of great concern in maintaining food production to meet ever increasing world food demand. The book addresses various climatic soil and plant factors that contribute to the water use efficiency in plants subjected to water stress. It covers all issues related to soil, plant and climatic factors that contribute to the crop responses to water stress. The books advances the knowledge in improving and sustaining crop yields in ever increasing unpredictable climatic fluctuations This book uses crop simulation models for response of crops to limited water under various management and climatic conditions.
Download or read book Water Relations of Plants written by Paul J Kramer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Relations of Plants attempts to explain the importance of water through a description of the factors that control the plant water balance and how they affect the physiological processes that determine the quantity and quality of growth. Organized into 13 chapters, this book first discusses the functions and properties of water and the plant cell water relations. Subsequent chapters focus on measurement and control of soil water, as well as growth and functions of root. This book also looks into the water absorption, the ascent of sap, the transpiration, and the water stress and its effects on plant processes and growth. This book will be useful for students, teachers, and investigators in both basic and applied plant science, as well as for botanists, agronomists, foresters, horticulturists, soil scientists, and even laymen with an interest in plant water relations.
Download or read book Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice written by International Rice Research Institute and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1982 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AIIA 2022 Biosystems Engineering Towards the Green Deal written by Vito Ferro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 1202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of biosystems engineering, as presented at the 12th Conference of the Italian Association of Agricultural Engineering (AIIA), held in Palermo, Italy, on September 19-22, 2022. Focusing on the challenges of improving the resilience of agriculture, forestry and food systems in the post-Covid era, it shows how the research has addressed the following topics: Monitoring and modelling hydraulic and hydrological processes in agriculture and forestry systems; Challenges in stream rehabilitation and soil conservation strategies; Sustainable water resource management under climate change scenarios; Planning safe, healthy and resilient territorial, built and green systems; Cultural heritage preservation and rural landscape protection, planning and management; Plant and livestock production processes and technologies. Healthy and Organic farming. Animal welfare; Energy, waste and by-products smart use; Post-harvest logistics and food chain structures technology; Applications and experiences in smart agriculture and forestry; One Health, management and standardization for agriculture and forestry machinery and structures; Big data, machine learning and data hub in biosystems engineering. The contributions were selected by a rigorous peer-review process, and offer an extensive and multidisciplinary overview of the research in the field of biosystems engineering for sustainable agriculture.
Download or read book Bringing Skepticism to Crop Science written by Thomas Sinclair and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global food production and climate change among other concerns are societal issues that require major research input from crop science. While suggestions are abundant on how crop science can help to resolve these issues, many of the suggestions come from people who are not actually familiar with the challenges and requirements to modify crop plants grown under field conditions to achieve the necessary improvements. Efforts to alter a gene or even several genes have very rarely proven successful in having impact on crop production under realistic field conditions. This lack of success has not been addressed head on. This book serves as a reminder to crop scientists and others that open, clear-minded assessments of the entirety of evidence concerning a hypothesis is required before making claims of possible increases in crop performance. This attitude of skepticism is not a negative attitude but rather an employment of the cornerstone of scientific investigation based on formation and evaluation of hypotheses. Skeptical analyses are to be presented in the book on some of the common suggestions for improving crop plants. The six specific topics to be addressed are photosynthesis, seed number, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency, crop water loss, and unconfirmed field observations. Each of the topics in this book, will first be reviewed to present the origins of the popular assumptions about how specific plant modification will result in improved crop performance. The review of the background information will be followed by an examination of the evidence, logic, and predicted outcomes for the assumed benefits of the modifications. Finally, each chapter will offer novel, alternate approaches to plant modification that have documented support for positively impacting crop performance. The book will not be written in specialized, detail language but offer access for those with a wide range of interests in options for increasing crop production in the future. The goal of the book is to provide information that is useful to those with interests ranging from climatologist to food-oriented sociologists. Of course, the topics covered will be of direct interest to those studying plant sciences, particularly crop scientists. The hope is to challenge a reader to re-examine some of her/his assumptions about crop improvement and approach the topic with a renewed practice of skepticism in formulating and evaluating hypotheses.
Download or read book Advances in Environmental Stress Biology and Important Agronomic Traits Improvement in Non staple Crops written by Meng Kou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-15 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-staple crops (sometimes known as underutilized, semidomesticated, orphan and/or forgotten crops) usually refer to under-researched grain and legume compared to staple crops, such as sweetpotato, buckwheat, millet, barley, pea, mung beans, and adzuki beans, which contain unique and beneficial nutrients that staple crops do not have. Combining them with staple foods is an important guarantee for a nutrition-balanced diet. With the deepening of research, the current research on non-staple crops has gradually started to create a wide range of materials, identify varieties and quality, improve yield, respond to environmental conditions and regulate growth and development. Therefore, it is an important research objective to improve the important agronomic traits of non-staple crops, including anthocyanins in sweetpotato, rutin in buckwheat, vitamins in millet, β-glucan in barley, etc. through both cultivation and molecular breeding methods and to create new germplasm resources with high yield and abundant nutrients. Recently, notable successes have been made using genomic-related approaches to uncover the genes responsible for important phenotypes in non-staple crops. The genetic basis of metabolomic divergence and domestication has been revealed in buckwheat, and the QTLs for controlling agronomic traits such as flesh color of sweetpotato have been obtained, however the function of related genes still needs further investigation. In addition, biotic and abiotic stresses in extreme climatic conditions change the yield and quality of crops by affecting the growth and development of crops and important metabolic regulation processes. Non-staple crops are often climate-resilient and grown in marginal regions with low-input conditions, including examples for tolerance of drought stress in cowpea and buckwheat, tolerance of heat in cassava and tolerance of barren in sweetpotato. Investigating the mechanism of their environmental adaptability would provide new insights for breeding of not only non-staple crops but also staple crops that are limited in the tolerance of a changing climate to ensure future food security. It is of great theoretical significance and practical application value to study the molecular regulatory network of non-staple crops under these stress conditions. • Using cultivation measures, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, and other methods to improve the environmental stress resistance and important agronomic traits in non-staple crops. • Revealing molecular mechanisms and regulatory network under all kinds of environmental stresses in non-major crops and improving stress tolerance through genetic engineering. • Identifying key regulatory genes of important agronomic traits in non- staple crops and improving molecular breeding methods.
Download or read book Drought phenotyping in crops From theory to practice written by Philippe Monneveux and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topic is a unique attempt to simultaneously tackle theoretical and practical aspects in drought phenotyping, through both crop-specific and cross-cutting approaches. It is designed for – and will be of use to – practitioners and postgraduate students in plant science, who are grappling with the challenging task of evaluating germplasm performance under different water regimes. In Part I, different methodologies are presented for accurately characterising environmental conditions, implementing trials, and capturing and analysing the information this generates, regardless of the crop. Part II presents the state-of-art in research on adaptation to drought, and recommends specific protocols to measure different traits in major food crops (focusing on particular cereals, legumes and clonal crops). The topic is part of the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme’s efforts to disseminate crop research information, tools and protocols, for improving characterisation of environments and phenotyping conditions. The goal is to enhance expertise in testing locations, and to stimulate the development and use of traits related to drought tolerance, as well as innovative protocols for crop characterisation and breeding.
Download or read book Plant Breeding For Stress Environments written by Abraham Blum and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication opens with the inevitable introduction, moves on to the present traditional approach to breeding for yield stability, and then enumerates a detailed discussion of the physiological approach to breeding for resistance to specific stresses. Not all environmental stresses are covered, omitting those for which little can be said today on practical breeding solutions.
Download or read book Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon Water Relations written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 33-chapter volume presents a critical examination of the importance of stable isotopes in understanding key plant metabolic processes. - Carbon isotope analyses for estimates of plant water use and metabolism - Integrated estimates of stress impacts and life history in ecological systems - Hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses for evaluating water sources and transpiration - Use of stable isotopes in scaling from leaf to global levels - Sections include: History and Theoretical Considerations, Ecological Aspects of Carbon Isotope Variation, Agricultural Aspects of Carbon Isotope Variation, Genetics and Isotopic Variation, Water Relations and Isotopic Composition
Download or read book Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses written by Renata Szymańska and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental abiotic stresses, such as extreme temperatures, drought, excess light, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, have detrimental effects on plant growth, development, and yield. Plants are equipped with various adaptation mechanisms to cope with such unfavorable conditions. Our understanding of plants’ abiotic stress responses is crucial to maintaining efficient plant productivity. This book on the responses of plants to environmental stresses is an attempt to find answers to several basic questions related to their adaptation and protective mechanisms against abiotic stresses. The following chapters of the book describe examples of plants’ protective strategies, which cover physiological, cellular, biochemical, and genomic mechanisms. This book is aimed for use by advanced students and researchers in the area of stress biology, plant molecular biology and physiology, agriculture, biochemistry, as well as environmental sciences.
Download or read book Water Dynamics in Plant Production written by Wilfried Ehlers and published by Cabi. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Meagre water supply causes severe problems in the growth of plants, which rely on sufficient water transmitted by the soil to meet their needs. This new edition of Water Dynamics in Plant Production describes the basic scientific principles of water transport in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, explains the linkage between transpirational water use and dry matter production paying particular attention to the various agronomic strategies for adaptation to climate-driven limitations of water resources"--Publisher's website.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Use Efficiency in Plant Biology written by Mark Bacon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume to provide comprehensive coverage of the biology of water use efficiency at molecular, cellular, whole plant and community levels. While several works have included the phenomenon of water use efficiency, and others have concentrated on an agronomic framework, this book represents the first detailed treatment with a biological focus. The volume sets out the definitions applicable to water use efficiency, the fundamental physiology and biochemistry governing the efficiency of carbon vs water loss, the environmental regulation of this process and the detailed physiological basis by which the plant exerts control over such efficiency. It is aimed at researchers and professionals in plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, developmental biology and agriculture. It will also inform those involved in formulating research and development policy in this topic around the world.
Download or read book Water Productivity in Agriculture written by J. W. Kijne and published by CABI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First title in a major new seriesAddresses improving water productivity to relieve problems of scarcity and competition to provide for food and environmental securityDraws from scientists having a multitude of disciplines to approach this important problemIn a large number of developing countries, policy makers and researchers are increasingly aware of the conflicting demands on water, and look at agriculture to be more effective in its use of water. Focusing on both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture, this book gives a state of the art review of the limits and opportunities for improving water productivity in crop production. It demonstrates how efficiency of water use can be enhanced to maximize yields. The book represents the first in a new series of volumes resulting from the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, a research program conducted by the CGIAR's Future Harvest Centres, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and partners worldwide. It will be of significant interest to those working in areas of soil and crop science, water management, irrigation, and development studies.
Download or read book Guidance on realizing real water savings with crop water productivity interventions written by Van Opstal, J., Droogers, P., Kaune, A., Steduto, P., Perry, C. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technical document contains clear and practical guidelines on how to implement real water savings in agriculture through interventions for enhancing crop water productivity. A distinction is made between real water savings and “apparent” water savings. Apparent water savings record reductions in water withdrawals but do not account for changes in water consumption. Real water savings record reductions in water consumption and non-recoverable return flows (runoff or percolation). This guidance document emphasizes the paradox of water savings at field and basin scales, which usually do not translate into increased water availability for other users, as is commonly believed.
