Download or read book Waste Biorefineries Future Energy Green Products and Waste Treatment written by Mohammad Rehan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy recovery from waste resources holds a significant role in the sustainable waste management hierarchy to support the concept of circular economies and to mitigate the challenges of waste originated problems of sanitation, environment, and public health. Today, waste disposal to landfills is the most widely used methodology, particularly in developing countries, because of limited budgets and lack of efficient infrastructure and facilities to maintain efficient and practical global standards. As a consequence, the dump-sites or non-sanitary landfills have become the significant sources of greenhouse gases emissions, soil and water contamination, unpleasant odors, leachate, and disease spreading vectors, flies, and rodents. However, waste can be utilized to produce a range of potential products such as energy, fuels and value-added products under waste biorefineries. A holistic and quantitative view, such as waste biorefinery, on waste management must be linked to the actual country, taking into account its socio-economic situation, local waste sources, and composition, as well as the available markets for the recovered energy and products. Therefore, it is critical to understand that solutions cannot be just copied from one region to the others. In fact, all waste handling, transportation, and treatment can represent a burden to the cities’ environment and macro and micro economics, except for the benefits obtained from recovered materials and energy. Equally significant is a clear and quantitative understanding of the industrial, and public potential of utilizing recovered materials and energy in the markets as these can be reached without exacerbating the environmental issues using excessive transport. The book explores new advancements and discoveries on the development of emerging waste-to-energy technologies, practical implementation, and lessons learned from sustainable wastemanagement practices under waste biorefinery concept, which will accelerate the growth of circular economies in the world. The articles presented in this book have been written by expert researchers and academics working in institutions at different countries across the world including Germany, Greece, Japan, South Korea, China, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, and India. The research articles have been arranged into three main subject categories; 1) Resource recovery from waste, 2) Waste to energy technologies and 3) Waste biorefineries. This book will serve as an important resource for research students, academics, industry, policy makers, and government agencies working in the field of integrated waste management, energy and resource recovery, waste to energy technologies, waste biorefineries etc. The editorial team of this book is very grateful to all the authors for their excellent contributions and making the book successful.
Download or read book Waste Biorefineries written by Abu Zahrim Yaser and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With the growth of the world population and the production of more waste, the world needs to implement sustainable waste management to make better use of our resources. Biorefineries are an essential technology in converting biomass into useful materials. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of biorefining processing techniques, technologies, and materials that can use waste products in a number of innovative ways. It covers proven case studies that demonstrate the most advanced and innovative processes and product developments on waste biorefinery principles. This new book also provides valuable data and technologies that consider environmental impacts. This reference book is divided into three sections that provide a thoughtful outlook on technologies associated with waste biorefinery. In the first section, the reader is introduced to recent steps toward renewable and clean energy along with waste-to-energy technologies. The second section of this book is devoted to modern technologies for waste valorization that holds a valuable prospective for a sustainable green world. In the last section of the book, the authors consider the future energy, green products, and waste treatment. This volume is a practical guide for postgraduate scholars and scientists interested in waste biorefinery. Readers will also gain a broader overview on theory and application of this important field"--
Download or read book Waste Biorefinery written by Thallada Bhaskar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste Biorefinery: Potential and Perspectives offers data-based information on the most cutting-edge processes for the utilisation of biogenic waste to produce biofuels, energy products, and biochemicals – a critical aspect of biorefinery. The book explores recent developments in biochemical and thermo-chemical methods of conversion and the potential generated by different kinds of biomass in more decentralized biorefineries. Additionally, the book discusses the move from 200 years of raw fossil materials to renewable resources and how this shift is accompanied by fundamental changes in industrial manufacturing technologies (from chemistry to biochemistry) and in logistics and manufacturing concepts (from petrochemical refineries to biorefineries). Waste Biorefinery: Potential and Perspectives designs concepts that enable modern biorefineries to utilize all types of biogenic wastes, and to integrate processes that convert byproduct streams to high-value products, achieving higher cost benefits. This book is an essential resource for researchers and students studying biomass, biorefineries, and biofuels/products/processes, as well as chemists, biochemical/chemical engineers, microbiologists, and biotechnologists working in industries and government agencies. Details the most advanced and innovative methods for biomass conversion Covers biochemical and thermo-chemical processes as well as product development Discusses the integration of technologies to produce bio-fuels, energy products, and biochemicals Illustrates specific applications in numerous case studies for reference and teaching purposes
Download or read book Handbook of Waste Biorefinery written by Eduardo Jacob-Lopes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 1001 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook discusses the latest developments in biorefinery technologies for waste-to-energy conversion. The growing global population and the accompanying increase in consumption and waste production make it urgent to find the best possible use of our resources. A sustainable waste management under the biorefinery concept has great potential to support a sustainable circular economy and green energy production. This handbook is divided into four parts. First, the reader is introduced to the fundamentals and recent trends of waste-to-energy technologies. The second part describes in detail the current status, challenges, and potential of the different feedstocks used for waste-to-energy conversion. Here, municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, oils and greases generated during food preparation, industrial wastewaters, and agricultural wastes, to name a few, are introduced. In the third part, numerous waste-to-energy technologies are discussed in detail, including anaerobic digestion, composting, gasification, plasma technology, thermal cracking, and others. Advantages and optimization potentials of these technologies for efficient residue management, quality and yield are highlighted. Finally, the handbook discusses social, environmental and economic aspects of waste-to-energy biorefinery technologies. Readers will learn more about the major bottlenecks and solutions in bioenergy commercialization, the logistics of biomass supply and the carbon footprint of waste biorefineries. The ideas and technologies presented in this book contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of "Affordable and Clean Energy". This book is a useful reference for postgraduate students and researchers interested in biorefinery and biofuel technologies, both in academia- and commercial laboratories. Early career scientists can use it to fast track into the field. Advanced scientists will find it helpful in gaining a broader overview of the field beyond their area of specialization.
Download or read book Zero Waste Biorefinery written by Yogalakshmi Kadapakkam Nandabalan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-12 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of process, technologies and value added products such as high value biochemicals and biofuels produced from different waste biorefineries. The book is sectioned into four categories providing a comprehensive outlook about zero waste biorefinery and technologies associated with it. The emerging technologies that potentially put back the lignocellulosic waste, municipal solid waste and food waste into intrinsic recycling for production of high value biochemicals and bioenergy, along with associated challenges and opportunities are also included. The content also focuses on algal biorefineries leading to sustainable circular economy through production of broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, biodiesel through integrated biorefinery approach. The volume also includes chapters on conversion technologies and mathematical models applied for process optimization. A sound foundation about the underlying principles of biorefineries and a up-to-date state-of-the-art based overview on the latest advances in terms of scientific knowledge, techno-economic developments and life cycle assessment methodologies of integrated waste biorefinery is provided. This volume will be of great interest to professionals, post-graduate students and policy makers involved in waste management, biorefineries, circular economy and sustainable development.
Download or read book Waste Biorefinery written by Thallada Bhaskar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste Biorefinery: Integrating Biorefineries for Waste Valorisation provides the various options available for several renewable waste streams. The book includes scientific and technical information pertaining to the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. In addition, the book reports on recent developments and new achievements in the field of biochemical and thermo-chemical methods and the necessities and potential generated by different kinds of biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. The book presents an assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries pertaining to the use of sustainable technologies for energy recovery from different waste matrices. Advantages and limitations of different technologies are also discussed by considering the local energy demands, government policies, environmental impacts, and education in bioenergy. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative processes for biomass conversion Covers information on biochemical and thermo-chemical processes and products development on the principles of biorefinery Includes information on the integration of processes and technologies for the production of biofuels, energy products and biochemicals Demonstrates the application of various processes with proven case studies
Download or read book Integrated Waste Biorefineries Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2nd edition written by Mohammad Rehan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-11 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are designed to revolutionize societies to prepare for the future challenges. However, the practical implementation of such goals in many domains is are yet to be achieved despite of unique essence. Sustainable energy production (aligned with SDG 7), clean water and sanitation (aligned with SDG 6), sustainable waste services (aligned with SDG 11), and mitigating climate change impacts (aligned with SDG 13) have been the prime focus of SDGs. Moreover, much attention is being paid to research and development activities on waste prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse to achieve responsible consumption and production (aligned with SDG 12). Waste biorefineries have emerged as a sustainable environmental management solution to achieve not only the aforementioned SDGs, but also to accomplish no poverty (aligned with SDG 1) and zero hunger (aligned with SDG 2) and to maintain well-being and good health aligned with (SDG 3) and decent work and economic growth (aligned with SDG 8) worldwide. This is true because integrated waste biorefineries can efficiently and sustainably produce fuels, heat, energy, power, and multiple value-added products and chemicals. It can further facilitate the transition from linear to circular economies and mitigate the major challenges faced, including environmental pollution, climate change, and adverse effects on public health. This Research Topic will focus on different types of waste biorefineries, current status, practical implications, optimization of waste-to-energy technologies, detailed life assessment studies, and future opportunities with a vision to achieve SDGs in the areas of sustainable energy generation, waste management, circular economies, and climate change mitigation. The editorial team of this special issue, consisting of world-renowned scientists including Highly Cited Researchers, welcomes submissions of original research articles, review articles, short communications, industrial and/or country/region case studies that covers the following enlisted topics: • Waste biorefineries (e.g., organic waste biorefinery, agricultural and forestry waste biorefinery, etc.) • Integration of different types of biorefineries • Sustainable development goals • Waste to energy technologies • Energy and resource recovery from biomass and other waste • Renewable and sustainable energy systems • Biomass and waste supply chain • Sustainable waste management systems • Mitigation of environmental pollution and climate change • Life cycle assessment • Sustainable circular and bio-based economies.
Download or read book Waste Biorefinery written by Thallada Bhaskar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste Biorefinery: Value Addition through Resources Utilization provides scientific and technical information surrounding the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. The book covers recent developments and achievements in the field of biochemical, thermo-chemical and hybrid methods and the necessities and potentials generated by different kinds of residual streams, including biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. An assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries illustrate the topics presented, covering energy, chemicals, fuels, food for animal recovery from different waste matrices, and more. Finally, the advantages and limitations of different technologies are discussed, considering local energy demand, government policies, environmental impacts and education in bioenergy. This book will serve as an excellent resource for science graduates, chemical engineers, environmental engineers, biotechnologists and industrial experts in these areas. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative processes for biomass conversion Covers information on biochemical and thermochemical processes and product developments surrounding the principles of biorefining Presents information on the integration of processes and technologies for the production of biofuels, energy products and biochemicals
Download or read book Clean Energy and Resource Recovery written by Vinay Kumar Tyagi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean Energy and Resource Recovery: Wastewater Treatment Plants as Bio-refineries, Volume 2, summarizes the fundamentals of various treatment modes applied to the recovery of energy and value-added products from wastewater treatment plants. The book addresses the production of biofuel, heat, and electricity, chemicals, feed, and other products from municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and sludge. It intends to provide the readers an account of up-to-date information on the recovery of biofuels and other value-added products using conventional and advanced technological developments. The book starts with identifying the key problems of the sectors and then provides solutions to them with step-by-step guidance on the implementation of processes and procedures. Titles compiled in this book further explore related issues like the safe disposal of leftovers, from a local to global scale. Finally, the book sheds light on how wastewater treatment facilities reduce stress on energy systems, decrease air and water pollution, build resiliency, and drive local economic activity.As a compliment to Volume 1: Biomass Waste Based Biorefineries, Clean Energy and Resource Recovery, Volume 2: Wastewater Treatment Plants as Bio-refineries is a comprehensive reference on all aspects of energy and resource recovery from wastewater. The book is going to be a handy reference tool for energy researchers, environmental scientists, and civil, chemical, and municipal engineers interested in waste-to-energy. Offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamental treatments and methods used in the recovery of energy and value-added products from wastewater Identifies solutions to key problems related to wastewater to energy/resource recovery through conventional and advanced technologies and explore the alternatives Provides step-by-step guidance on procedures and calculations from practical field data Includes successful case studies from both developing and developed countries
Download or read book Waste Biorefineries written by Abu Zahrim Yaser and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-08-23 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the growth of the world population and the production of more waste, the world needs to implement sustainable waste management to make better use of our resources. Biorefineries are an essential technology in converting biomass into useful materials. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of biorefining processing techniques, technologies, and materials that can use waste products in a number of innovative ways. It covers proven case studies that demonstrate the most advanced and innovative processes and product developments on waste biorefinery principles. This new book also provides valuable data and technologies that consider environmental impacts. This reference book is divided into three sections that provide a thoughtful outlook on technologies associated with waste biorefinery. In the first section, the reader is introduced to recent steps toward renewable and clean energy along with waste-to-energy technologies. The second section of this book is devoted to modern technologies for waste valorization that holds a valuable prospective for a sustainable green world. In the last section of the book, the authors consider the future energy, green products, and waste treatment. This volume is a practical guide for postgraduate scholars and scientists interested in waste biorefinery. Readers will also gain a broader overview on theory and application of this important field.
Download or read book Clean Energy and Resources Recovery written by Vinay Kumar Tyagi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean Energy and Resources Recovery: Biomass Waste Based Biorefineries, Volume One presents the technological options for energy and resources recovery from all types of organic wastes. The book addresses municipal and industrial sludges, municipal solid waste, agro-residue, animal wastes, industrial waste, forestry residue, and algal biomass, and provides a global overview of biomass waste production, waste handling issues and related GHG emissions and climate change, legislative waste management guidelines, biomass composition, and conventional methods for biomass waste treatment. For each biomass waste, chapters cover energy and bio-based products recovery, pre-treatment methods, process microbiology, community dynamics, co-digestion, reactor design and configuration, and techno-economic evaluation. Case studies on upscaling technology and pilot and industry scale implementation are included, alongside step-by-step calculations that integrate practical field data and regulatory requirements into the environmental design process. Finally, future trends and developments in advanced biotechnological concepts for biomass waste processing and management are also discussed. Provides innovative strategies to increase the efficiency of anaerobic digestion, including during pre- and post-treatment Includes industry case studies that demonstrate successful implementation processes and strategies Addresses municipal and industrial sludges, municipal solid waste, agro-residue, animal wastes, industrial waste, forestry residue, and algal biomass, and provides a global overview of biomass waste production
Download or read book Waste to Sustainable Energy written by Lakhveer Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With no emissions and water as a byproduct, the globe could imagine a sustainable and resilient human kind that obliterates any possible chances of future climate change. With increased globalization, there has been an unprecedented escalation in production processes thus generating valued products and byproducts. A significant quantum of the waste materials generated can be transformed into fuels with the help of MFCs. MFC’s utilities would bring about a paradigm shift built on the principles of sustainability, encompassing closed loop biorefinery approach. A MFC’s bio-refinery ensures complete allocation of products and byproducts in various processes yielding zero waste. Such efforts would not only help in managing waste but also contribute to generation of renewable fuel and valued products that fosters sustainable development. To cater to the needs of the present challenges in waste management, bioenergy and bio product recovery and commercial sustainability, this book on MFCs will emphasize and throw light on various mechanisms, routes and reaction engineering approaches for complete transformation of waste to wealth.
Download or read book Waste Management and Resource Recycling in the Developing World written by Pardeep Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste Management and Resource Recycling in the Developing World provides a unique perspective on the state of waste management and resource recycling in the developing world, offering practical solutions based on innovative tools and technologies, along with examples and case studies. The book is organized by waste type, including electronic, industrial and biomedical/hazardous, with each section covering advanced techniques, such as remote sensing and GIS, as well as socioeconomic factors, transnational transport and policy implications. Waste managers, environmental scientists, sustainability practitioners, and engineers will find this a valuable resource for addressing the challenges of waste management in the developing world. There is high potential for waste management to produce energy and value-added products. Sustainable waste management based on a circular economy not only improves sanitation, it also provides economic and environmental benefits. In addition to waste minimization, waste-to-economy and waste-to-energy have become integral parts of waste management practices. A proper waste management strategy not only leads to reduction in environmental pollution but also moves toward generating sufficient energy for improving environmental sustainability in coming decades. Presents case studies in every section to illustrate practical applications across the globe Includes lessons learned from developed regions that can be applied to developing regions Organized by type of waste, with consistent coverage in each section to promote ease of navigation
Download or read book Biorefinery of Inorganics written by Erik Meers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides complete coverage of the recovery of mineral nutrients from biomass and organic waste This book presents a comprehensive overview of the potential for mineral recovery from wastes, addressing technological issues as well as economic, ecological, and agronomic full-scale field assessments. It serves as a complete reference work for experts in the field and provides teaching material for future experts specializing in environmental technology sectors. Biorefinery of Inorganics: Recovering Mineral Nutrients from Biomass and Organic Waste starts by explaining the concept of using anaerobic digestion as a biorefinery for production of an energy carrier in addition to mineral secondary resources. It then discusses the current state of mineral fertilizer use throughout the world, offering readers a complete look at the resource availability and energy intensity. Technical aspects of mineral recovery organic (waste-)streams is discussed next, followed by an examination of the economics of biobased products and their mineral counterparts. The book also covers the environmental impact assessment of the production and use of bio-based fertilizers; modelling and optimization of nutrient recovery from wastes; and more. Discusses global production and consumption of mineral fertilizers Introduces technologies for the recovery of mineral NPK from organic wastes and residues Covers chemical characterization and speciation of refined secondary resources, and shows readers how to assess biobased mineral resources Discusses applications of recovered minerals in the inorganic chemistry sector Compares the economics of biobased products with current fossil-based counterparts Offers an ecological assessment of introducing biobased products in the current fertilizer industry Edited by leading experts in the field Biorefinery of Inorganics: Recovering Mineral Nutrients from Biomass and Organic Waste is an ideal book for scientists, environmental engineers, and end-users in the agro-industry, the waste industry, water and wastewater treatment, and agriculture. It will also be of great benefit to policy makers and regulators working in these fields.
Download or read book Bioenergy Research Advances and Applications written by Vijai G. Gupta and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy Research: Advances and Applications brings biology and engineering together to address the challenges of future energy needs. The book consolidates the most recent research on current technologies, concepts, and commercial developments in various types of widely used biofuels and integrated biorefineries, across the disciplines of biochemistry, biotechnology, phytology, and microbiology. All the chapters in the book are derived from international scientific experts in their respective research areas. They provide you with clear and concise information on both standard and more recent bioenergy production methods, including hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Chapters are also designed to facilitate early stage researchers, and enables you to easily grasp the concepts, methodologies and application of bioenergy technologies. Each chapter in the book describes the merits and drawbacks of each technology as well as its usefulness. The book provides information on recent approaches to graduates, post-graduates, researchers and practitioners studying and working in field of the bioenergy. It is an invaluable information resource on biomass-based biofuels for fundamental and applied research, catering to researchers in the areas of bio-hydrogen, bioethanol, bio-methane and biorefineries, and the use of microbial processes in the conversion of biomass into biofuels. Reviews all existing and promising technologies for production of advanced biofuels in addition to bioenergy policies and research funding Cutting-edge research concepts for biofuels production using biological and biochemical routes, including microbial fuel cells Includes production methods and conversion processes for all types of biofuels, including bioethanol and biohydrogen, and outlines the pros and cons of each
Download or read book Waste Biorefineries written by Jinyue Yan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-04-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste Biorefineries: Advanced Design Concepts for Integrated Waste to Energy Processes presents a detailed guide to the design of energy-efficient and cost-effective waste-integrated biorefineries. Integrating thermochemical processing of waste with existing waste-to-energy technologies, the book includes the latest developments and technologies. It introduces current waste valorization techniques and examines reasons to modify existing waste-to-energy systems through the integration of new processes. In addition, the book explains the design of novel biorefineries and methods to assess these processes alongside detailed results, including the integration of waste-based CHP plants with waste gasification and the integration of pyrolysis technologies and biogas plants with waste thermochemical processing.Other sections discuss the issues and challenges of commercializing waste-to-energy technologies, including uncertainty in waste thermochemical process designs, the environmental impact of waste-integrated biorefineries, and the role of integrated waste-to-energy management in smart cities and urban energy systems. This book will be an invaluable reference for students, researchers and those in industry who are interested in the design and implementation of waste-to-energy systems, waste biomass-based combined heat and power plants, biogas plants and forest-based industries. Presents advanced and novel waste conversion processes and provides the tools, data and models for waste-to-energy processes and waste biorefineries availability Provides comprehensive uncertainty analysis of waste-to-energy designs and modelling processes Examines the replicability potential of methods for the design of waste biorefineries for different regions and markets with different sets of products
Download or read book Waste Valorisation written by Carol Sze Ki Lin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the wide-variety of waste valorisation techniques related to various biomass, waste materials and by products Waste Valorisation provides a comprehensive review of waste chemistry and its application to the generation of value-added products. The authors – noted experts on the topic – offer a clear understanding of waste diversity, drivers and policies governing its valorisation based on the location. The book provides information on the principles behind various valorisation schemes and offers a description of general treatment options with their evaluation guidelines in terms of cost, energy consumption and waste generation. Each of the book's chapters contain an introduction which summarises the current production and processing methods, yields, energy sources and other pertinent information for each specific type of waste. The authors focus on the most relevant novel technologies for value-added processing of waste streams or industrial by-products which can readily be integrated into current waste management systems. They also provide the pertinent technical, economic, social and environmental evaluations of bioconversions as future sustainable technologies in a biorefinery. This important book: Presents the most current technologies which integrate waste and/or by-product valorisation Includes discussions on end-product purity and life-cycle assessment challenges Explores relevant novel technologies for value-added processing of waste streams or industrial by-products which can be integrated into current waste management systems Offers a guide to waste reuse, a key sustainability goal for existing biorefineries wishing to reduce material and environmental costs Written for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in agricultural and food production, bioconversions and waste management professionals, Waste Valorisation is an authoritative guide to the chemistry and applications of waste materials and provides an overview of the most recent developments in the field.