Download or read book Vortex Dynamics Studies in Supersonic Flow written by Fabrizio Vergine and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the recognized importance of streamwise vortices in the enhancement of fuel/air mixing processes in scramjet combustors, the effects of their interactions and dynamics on mixing and associated total pressure losses are still relatively unexplored. This work presents the first systematic effort to find answers to fundamental questions such as: can selected vortex interactions be identified and effectively used in an injection system for scramjets? Is the increase of streamwise vorticity content, regardless of its spatial distribution in the flow, always beneficial for entrainment and molecular mixing? Is it possible to apply vortex dynamics concepts in reacting flows? For this reason the dissertation covers the study of selected vortex interaction scenarios both in cold and high enthalpy reacting flows. Specifically, the experimental results and the analysis of the flowfields resulting from two selected supersonic vortex interaction modes in a Mach 2.5 cold flow are presented. Additionally, the experiment design based on vortex dynamics concepts and the reacting plume survey of two pylon injectors in a Mach 2.4 high enthalpy flow are shown. The cold flow experiments were conducted in the supersonic wind tunnel of the Aerodynamics Research Center at the University of Texas at Arlington. A strut injector equipped with specified ramp configurations was designed and used to produce the flowfields of interest. The reacting flow experiments were conducted in the Expansion Tube Facility located in the High Temperature Gasdynamics Laboratory of Stanford University. A detailed description of the supersonic wind tunnel, the instrumentation, the strut injector and the supersonic wake flow downstream is shown as part of the characterization of the facility. As stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was the principal flow measurement technique used in this work to probe the streamwise vortices shed from ramps mounted on the strut, this dissertation provides a deep overview of the challenges and the application of the aforementioned technique to the survey of vortical flows. Moreover, the dissertation provides a new and comprehensive analysis of the flow physics associated with these complex supersonic vortical interactions. The mean and fluctuating velocity flowfields of two selected vortex dynamics scenarios, chosen based on the outcomes of the simulations of an inviscid reduced order model developed in the research group, are presented. The same streamwise vortices (strength, size and Reynolds number) were used experimentally to investigate both a case in which the resulting dynamics evolve in a vortex merging scenario and a case in which the merging process is voluntarily avoided in order to focus the analysis on the fundamental differences associated with the amalgamation processes alone. The results from the mean flow highlight major differences between the two cases and corroborate the use of an inviscid model for the prediction of the main flow physics in the times scales considered. The analysis is also extended to turbulence quantities and concepts borrowed from incompressible turbulence theory (i.e., fluctuating Mach numbers “ 1) appear to explain interesting features of the fluctuating flowfields. Once the interactions among the vortical structures in cold flow were assessed, these vortex dynamics concepts were probed in a reacting environment. The dissertation describes the design phase of two pylon injectors based on the prediction capabilities of the aforementioned model. Then, the results of a set of combustion experiments conducted utilizing hydrogen fuel injected into a Mach 2.4, high-enthalpy (2.8 MJ/kg) air flow are discussed. The results show that, for the heat release levels considered in this study, the morphology of the plume and its evolution are remarkably close to the results produced by the model, enabling an interpretation based on vortex dynamics considerations. The persistence of the streamwise vortical structures created by the selected ramp configurations is shown together with the effectiveness of the coherent structures in successfully anchoring the flame very close to the injection point. The work shows the possibility of a new approach in the design of injection strategies (not limited to injection devices) suitable for adoption in scramjet combustors based on the ability to predict, with basic vortex dynamics concepts and a highly reduced computational cost, the main features of flows of technological interest.

Download or read book Fluid Dynamics Research on Supersonic Aircraft written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Research and Technology Organization and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains the lecture notes prepared for a Special Course on Fluid Dynamics Research on Supersonic Aircraft organized by the RTO Applied Vehicle Technology Panel (AVT). The Course was held at the von Kármán Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) Institute, Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium 25-29 May 1998. The following topics were covered: History & Economics of Supersonic Transports, Supersonic Aerodynamics, Sonic Boom Theory and Minimization, Multi-Point Design Challenges, Vortex Plume Interactions, Propulsion System Design. Presentations on the major world wide supersonic transport programs were also included. The material assembled in this publication was prepared under the combined sponsorship of the RTO Applied Vehicle Technology Panel, the Consultant and Exchange Program of RTO, and the von Kármán Institute (VKI) for Fluid Dynamics.

Download or read book A Study on the Turbulence Characteristics and Mixing Performance of Streamwise Vortex Interactions in Supersonic Flow written by Cody R. Ground and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scramjet engine offers the unique capability to enable sustained air breathing flight at hypersonic speeds. However, in order to reach its full application potential, further technological maturation of several system level components is necessary. One such component is the fuel injection system. The flow conditions characteristic of the scramjet combustor are such that the rate-limiting step in the fuel injection/mixing/combustion process is the mixing of the fuel and air. For this reason, the fuel injection system must be designed with the goal of enhancing the rate of fuel/air mixing. One method that has shown potential to enhance fuel/air mixing in supersonic flows is the introduction of streamwise vorticity into the mixing field, yet there are many fundamental aspects of this concept that remain relatively uninvestigated. One such aspect is the capability to use specific streamwise vortex interaction modes to synergistically increase mixing in the flow. However, in order to target specific vortex interactions which act to enhance mixing in the design stage of a fuel injection system a better foundational knowledge of streamwise vortex interactions in supersonic flows must be obtained. To this end, this dissertation presents a fundamental experimental investigation into two elemental modes of vortex interaction, the merging and non-merging of a pair of co-rotating streamwise vortices. The experimental investigations were all conducted at the University of Texas at Arlington Aerodynamics Research Center in the blow-down Supersonic Wind Tunnel Facility which delivered a Mach 2.5 free stream flow for all of the experiments detailed herein. To create the targeted vortex interaction modes specific configurations of vortex generating ramps were affixed to the trailing edge of a strut injector. The experiments detailed in this dissertation accomplish two tasks in the continuation of the group's previous research on the merging and non-merging modes of streamwise vortex interaction. The first task that will be presented is the analysis of the fluctuating velocity flow fields of the two studied vortex interactions with the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique. This analysis is approached in order to quantify the organization and relative turbulent kinetic energy content of the various scales of turbulent coherent structures of the flow. The results of the POD analysis revealed that the vortex merging process reorients and redistributes the turbulent kinetic energy content towards the larger coherent structures captured in the low-order eigenmodes of the POD. The second task presented in this dissertation is the non-intrusive laser-based quantification of the mixing performance of the two vortex interactions using the filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) technique. Applying the FRS technique to retrieve mixture composition measurements in highly complex flows such as the flows studied here is a nontrivial task. For this reason, experiments were initially performed in a canonical two-dimensional planar shear layer to compare the relative accuracy of filtered Rayleigh scattering measurements with intrusive gas-sampling based mixture composition measurements. With this comparison yielding good levels of agreement between the two techniques, the FRS technique was able to be confidently applied in the vortical flows of primary interest. The main conclusion obtained from the FRS experiments was the finding that the non-merging vortex interaction more rapidly mixes the fuel and air due to its increased rate of entrainment with respect to the merging vortex interaction. Taken together, the results of the two analyses presented in this dissertation highlight the necessity of considering streamwise vortex interactions in the design stage of scramjet fuel injection systems since all differences in the flowfields of the two studied cases arise solely due to the different vortex interaction modes generated. Most importantly, this work has laid the foundation for future fundamental vortex dynamics studies which seek to optimize these (and other) modes of interaction by using the analysis and measurement techniques described herein.

Download or read book An Investigation of Cavity Vortex Generators in Supersonic Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Angle of Attack Aerodynamics written by Josef Rom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aerodynamics of aircraft at high angles of attack is a subject which is being pursued diligently, because the modern agile fighter aircraft and many of the current generation of missiles must perform well at very high incidence, near and beyond stall. However, a comprehensive presentation of the methods and results applicable to the studies of the complex aerodynamics at high angle of attack has not been covered in monographs or textbooks. This book is not the usual textbook in that it goes beyond just presenting the basic theoretical and experimental know-how, since it contains reference material to practical calculation methods and technical and experimental results which can be useful to the practicing aerospace engineers and scientists. It can certainly be used as a text and reference book for graduate courses on subjects related to high angles of attack aerodynamics and for topics related to three-dimensional separation in viscous flow courses. In addition, the book is addressed to the aerodynamicist interested in a comprehensive reference to methods of analysis and computations of high angle of attack flow phenomena and is written for the aerospace scientist and engineer who is familiar with the basic concepts of viscous and inviscid flows and with computational methods used in fluid dynamics.

Download or read book An Investigation of Cavity Vortex Generators in Supersonic Flow written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-17 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to document the results of experiments performed at the University of Kansas and at the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) into the use of shaped cavities to generate vortices in supersonic flow, as well as the progress made in simulating the observed flow using the PAB3D flow solver. The investigation was performed on 18 different cavity configurations installed in a convergent-divergent nozzle at the Jet Exit Facility at the LaRC. Pressure sensitive paint, static-pressure ports, focusing Schliern, and water tunnel flow visualization techniques were used to study the nature of the flow created by these cavities. The results of these investigations revealed that a shaped cavity can generate a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices in supersonic flow by creating weak, compression Mach waves and weak shocks. The PAB3D computer program, developed at the LaRC, was used to attempt to reproduce the experimental results. Unfortunately, due to problems with matching the grid blocks, no converged results were obtained. However, intermediate results, as well as a complete definition of the grid matching problems and suggested courses of actions are presented. Hazlewood, Richard Langley Research Center VORTEX GENERATORS; SUPERSONIC FLOW; CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT NOZZLES; FLOW DISTRIBUTION; VORTICES; FLOW VISUALIZATION; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; WIND TUNNEL TESTS; CAVITY FLOW; APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMPUTERS); PAINTS; PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; SCHLIEREN PHOTOGRAPHY; STATIC PRESSURE; ERROR ANALYSIS; GRID GENERATION (MATHEMATICS); NOZZLE GEOMETRY; COUNTER ROTATION; ELASTIC WAVES...

Download or read book Vortex Dominated Flows written by Denis L. Blackmore and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honoring the contributions of one of the field's leading experts, Lu Ting, this indispensable volume contains important new results at the cutting edge of research. A wide variety of significant new analytical and numerical results in critical areas are presented, including point vortex dynamics, superconductor vortices, cavity flows, vortex breakdown, shock/vortex interaction, wake flows, magneto-hydrodynamics, rotary wake flows, and hypersonic vortex phenomena.The book will be invaluable for those interested in the state of the art of vortex dominated flows, both from a theoretical and applied perspective.Professor Lu Ting and Joe Keller have worked together for over 40 years. In their first joint work entitled ?Periodic vibrations of systems governed by nonlinear partial differential equations?, perturbation analysis and bifurcation theory were used to determine the frequencies and modes of vibration of various physical systems. The novelty was the application to partial differential equations of methods which, previously, had been used almost exclusively on ordinary differential equations. Professsor Lu Ting is an expert in both fluid dynamics and the use of matched asymptotic expansions. His physical insight into fluid flows has led the way to finding the appropriate mathematical simplications used in the solutions to many difficult flow problems.

Download or read book Studies of Vortex Dominated Flows written by M. Yousuff Hussaini and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the astrophysical scale of a swirling spiral galaxy, through the geophysical scale of a hurricane, down to the subatomic scale of elementary particles, vortical motion and vortex dynamics have played a profound role in our understanding of the physical world. Kuchemann referred to vortex dynamics as "the sinews and muscles of fluid motion. " In order to update our understanding of vortex dominated flows, NASA Langley Research Center and the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) conducted a workshop during July 9-11, 1985. The subject was broadly divided into five overlapping topics vortex dynamics, vortex breakdown, massive separation, vortex shedding from sharp leading edges and conically separated flows. Some of the experts in each of these areas were invited to provide an overview of the subject. This volume is the proceedings of the workshop and contains the latest, theoretical, numerical, and experimental work in the above-mentioned areas. Leibovich, Widnall, Moore and Sirovich discussed topics on the fundamentals of vortex dynamics, while Keller and Hafez treated the problem of vortex break down phenomena; the contributions of Smith, Davis and LeBalleur were in the area of massive separation and inviscid-viscous interactions, while those of Cheng, Hoeijmakers and Munnan dealt with sharp-leading-edge vortex flows; and Fiddes and Marconi represented the category of conical separated flows.

Download or read book Dynamics of Quantised Vortices in Superfluids written by Edouard B. Sonin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-04 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the basic principles of vortex dynamics in superfluids, this book addresses the problems of vortex dynamics in all three superfluids available in laboratories (4He, 3He, and BEC of cold atoms) alongside discussions of the elasticity of vortices, forces on vortices, and vortex mass. Beginning with a summary of classical hydrodynamics, the book guides the reader through examinations of vortex dynamics from large scales to the microscopic scale. Topics such as vortex arrays in rotating superfluids, bound states in vortex cores and interaction of vortices with quasiparticles are discussed. The final chapter of the book considers implications of vortex dynamics to superfluid turbulence using simple scaling and symmetry arguments. Written from a unified point of view that avoids complicated mathematical approaches, this text is ideal for students and researchers working with vortex dynamics in superfluids, superconductors, magnetically ordered materials, neutron stars and cosmological models.

Download or read book Analytical and Experimental Studies on Mixing in Supersonic Flows written by Vijay Gopal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixing enhancement in supersonic flow is an important domain of research for enabling the realization of efficient and scalable high speed air-breathing engines (scramjet).Introducing streamwise vorticies in supersonic flow and tailoring their interactions for mixing enhancement is the primary motivation for the present research study. Leveraging the research performed in the group at the Aerodynamics Research Center (ARC), systematic experimental studies on mixing enhancement is carried out in supersonic flows by tailoring the selected modes of stream wise vortex interactions with the aid of in-house developed reduced order method VorTX. This method utilizes the lifting line-vortex theory in supersonic flow to perform rapid simulations of streamwise vortex-interactions that serves as a guide to design the mixing experiments. One of the difficulties associated with scaling the simulations to higher Mach numbers (M > 4) arise from the strong influence of the singularities along the Mach cones emanating from the lifting line-vortex that results in physically inconsistent solution. In this work a fundamental study on vorticity distribution in linearized supersonic flow is carried out. The origin of the aforementioned singularities on the Mach cone is discussed in detail, and the potential candidates for vorticity distribution are proposed to eliminate the singularities and to provide a physically consistent solution of the flow field in supersonic flow. This study presents the successful solution for the elimination of the singularities that has allowed to extend the capability of VorTX to simulate vortex-interactions at higher Mach numbers. Experimental studies on supersonic mixing were carried out using a strut injection platform with vortex generating ramps to introduce streamwise voriticies in supersonic flow. The geometrical configuration of the ramps are chosen using the upgraded VorTX simulations to target the experimental study of two selected modes of vortex interactions. One is the merging of two co-rotating vorticies and the other is the non-merging case where the vorticies interact but do not merge. Mixing measurements in supersonic flow were carried out using the Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FRS)technique. The measurement yields the mole-fraction of helium (injectant) in a binary mixture of air and helium in supersonic flow. The distributions of helium mole-fraction in the cross flow planes are used to draw conclusions on the level of mixing in the two modes of vortex-interaction. The FRS technique requires two independent experiments. One with helium injection in supersonic air flow and the other with air injection in an identical supersonic air flow. At a given cross-flow plane, to obtain the helium mole-fraction distribution using the FRS signals it is assumed that the total number density is matched in both the experiments. To enhance the reliability of the FRS measurement technique, it is important to minimize and quantify the systematic errors that arise from the assumptions made, particularly, the assumption on matching the total number density. In this work, a method to reduce the systematic errors in FRS experiments is proposed for a canonical case study of a rectangular jet in supersonic flow. To do this, a reduced order model for a rectangular jet in supersonic air flow is successfully developed in order to guide the selection of appropriate injector's plenum conditions to minimize the systematic errors in the future FRS experiments and to retrospectively evaluate and correct the FRS measurements for systematic errors in previously available FRS data on parallel strut injection in supersonic flow.

Download or read book Coupling of Vortex Flows with Control Jets for Enhanced Mixing and Flame Holding in Supersonic Flows written by Thomas Paul Fetterhoff and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents results of innovative integration of passive and active flow physics to accomplish effective supersonic mixing. The study is continuing cavity flow control research in the supersonic wind tunnel at the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI). Initially numerical simulations were employed in support of choosing and refining the experimental configuration designs. Mixing enhancement was achieved through innovative coupling of aerodynamics of corner vortex flows and cavity flow control jets. The two geometries were chosen for their potential to generate strong streamwise vortices, weaker shock losses, low drag, and cavity recirculation zones. Another consideration was that the two physically different concepts would be studied to provide better understanding of the innovative mixing. Jets, simulating fuel injection, were used for flow control provided through penetrations in the front face and side walls of the cavity. Flow visualization, dynamic pressure (sound pressure level) data are measured and PIV measurements are presented and compared with computational predictions for several geometries. High frequency dynamic pressure data were recorded to determine the cavity flow acoustic patterns. Measurements were acquired by a digital data acquisition system from two dynamic pressure transducers, located at different locations on the floor of the cavity. PIV measurements of selected configurations were performed. Schlieren and PIV images, pressure spectra and 2-D PIV data obtained are used as a basis for understanding the flow processes involved and comparison for improving the overall mixing and penetration performance. Streamwise vortices were generated using two different innovatively designed geometries, strategically located upstream of selected cavity configurations, including various jet arrangements, simulating fuel flow and control. Both configurations tested developed relatively strong streamwise vortex flows and weakened or lofted shear layers, indicating that mixing was enhanced. The two configurations exhibited flow changes with the simulated fuel injection. However, different injection arrangements by the simulated fuel jets resulted in different details in the flow fields and their resulting acoustic spectra. The resulting flow fields show improved potential for fuel flow mixing and increased penetration while amplifying or attenuating flow unsteadiness in the cavity.

Download or read book Advances in Compressible Turbulent Mixing written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes some recent additions to original material prepared for the Princeton International Workshop on the Physics of Compressible Turbulent Mixing, held in 1988. Workshop participants were asked to emphasize the physics of the compressible mixing process rather than measurement techniques or computational methods. Actual experimental results and their meaning were given precedence over discussions of new diagnostic developments. Theoretical interpretations and understanding were stressed rather than the exposition of new analytical model developments or advances in numerical procedures. By design, compressibility influences on turbulent mixing were discussed--almost exclusively--from the perspective of supersonic flow field studies. The papers are arranged in three topical categories: Foundations, Vortical Domination, and Strongly Coupled Compressibility. The Foundations category is a collection of seminal studies that connect current study in compressible turbulent mixing with compressible, high-speed turbulent flow research that almost vanished about two decades ago. A number of contributions are included on flow instability initiation, evolution, and transition between the states of unstable flow onset through those descriptive of fully developed turbulence. The Vortical Domination category includes theoretical and experimental studies of coherent structures, vortex pairing, vortex-dynamics-influenced pressure focusing. In the Strongly Coupled Compressibility category the organizers included the high-speed turbulent flow investigations in which the interaction of shock waves could be considered an important source for production of new turbulence or for the enhancement of pre-existing turbulence. Individual papers are processed separately.

Download or read book Modeling Vortex Generators in the Wind Us Code written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-20 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A source term model which simulates the effects of vortex generators was implemented into the Wind-US Navier Stokes code. The source term added to the Navier-Stokes equations simulates the lift force which would result from a vane-type vortex generator in the flowfield. The implementation is user-friendly, requiring the user to specify only three quantities for each desired vortex generator: the range of grid points over which the force is to be applied and the planform area and angle of incidence of the physical vane. The model behavior was evaluated for subsonic flow in a rectangular duct with a single vane vortex generator, supersonic flow in a rectangular duct with a counterrotating vortex generator pair, and subsonic flow in an S-duct with 22 co-rotating vortex generators. The validation results indicate that the source term vortex generator model provides a useful tool for screening vortex generator configurations and gives comparable results to solutions computed using a gridded vane. Dudek, Julianne C. Glenn Research Center NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; VANES; VORTEX GENERATORS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; INLET FLOW; SUPERSONIC INLETS; LIFT; SUBSONIC FLOW

Download or read book Numerical and Experimental Study of Turbulence Production on a Selected Mode of Streamwise Vortex Interaction in Supersonic Flow written by Davide Viganó and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of effective mixing strategies of air/fuel mixtures in supersonic flows has been the subject of a significant body of research for the last 60 years due to the hindering effects of compressibility. Particular attention has been focused on the introduction of streamwise vortices as a way to enhance molecular mixing both in terms of added source for hydrodynamic instabilities on classical shear-layer flows as well as for transverse jet configurations, aero-ramps and hypermixers. However, a large portion of fundamental knowledge for these complex flows is still missing. This work is centered on a numerical and experimental study of turbulence transport and dynamics associated with pre-selected modes of vortex interactions. A numerical study was initially performed to engineer a unique interaction between supersonic streamwise vortices such as the production of turbulent kinetic energy is maintained at a positive level. This analysis was conducted by using the in-house developed VorTx code after been upgraded by the author to allow for the correct calculation of derived quantities such as strain rates via a new application of vortex-blob methods in supersonic flows. The successive experimental investigation of the selected vortex interaction has successfully confirmed a positive turbulent kinetic energy production for all sampled stations, thus confirming the initial prediction. No other case investigated to this date in our research group or in the available literature, to the best knowledge of the author, has ever shown these results. A detailed analysis on the interaction of the resulting mean ow strain rates and the Reynolds stresses is presented in this work as well as the contribution of this analysis on the augmented understanding of these complex flows. It was found that turbulence anisotropy plays a critical role for turbulent kinetic energy production. The results of this work are critical for the design of efficient hypersonic air-breathing propulsion systems.

Download or read book Vortex Flows at Supersonic Speeds written by Richard M. Wood and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Materials and Technologies for a Green Environment written by Santhanam Harikrishnan and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2023-03-23 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world faces significant challenges as the population and consumption continue to grow while fossil fuels and other raw materials are depleted at everincreasing rates. Environmental consciousness and a penchant for thinking about material cycles have caught on with consumers. Therefore, the use of environmentally compatible materials and sustainable production methods are now desired. Materials and Technologies for a Green Environment discusses the major issues surrounding the production of energy through biofuels and waste management. It comprises seven chapters that cover various fields of interest to readers involved in environmental management and sustainability planning. The topics covered include renewable energy sources, thermoelectric generators, electric vehicles, biodiesel production from poultry waste, scramjet combustion engines, and sustainable architecture for green buildings. Given its scope, this book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and engineers in environmental science, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering and sustainability studies

Download or read book Liutex and Its Applications in Turbulence Research written by Chaoqun Liu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liutex and Its Applications in Turbulence Research reviews the history of vortex definition, provides an accurate mathematical definition of vortices, and explains their applications in flow transition, turbulent flow, flow control, and turbulent flow experiments. The book explains the term "Rortex" as a mathematically defined rigid rotation of fluids or vortex, which could help solve many longstanding problems in turbulence research. The accurate mathematical definition of the vortex is important in a range of industrial contexts, including aerospace, turbine machinery, combustion, and electronic cooling systems, so there are many areas of research that can benefit from the innovations described here. This book provides a thorough survey of the latest research in generalized and flow-thermal, unified, law-of-the-wall for wall-bounded turbulence. Important theory and methodologies used for developing these laws are described in detail, including: the classification of the conventional turbulent boundary layer concept based on proper velocity scaling; the methodology for identification of the scales of velocity, temperature, and length needed to establish the law; and the discovery, proof, and strict validations of the laws, with both Reynolds and Prandtl number independency properties using DNS data. The establishment of these statistical laws is important to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer research, and greatly expands our understanding of wall-bounded turbulence. Provides an accurate mathematical definition of vortices Provides a thorough survey of the latest research in generalized and flow-thermal, unified, law-of-the-wall for wall-bounded turbulence Explains the term “Rortex as a mathematically defined rigid rotation of fluids or vortex Covers the statistical laws important to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer research, and greatly expands our understanding of wall-bounded turbulence