Download or read book Biologically Based Methods for Cancer Risk Assessment written by Curtis Travis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biologically Based Methods for Cancer Risk Assessment", an Advanced Research Workshop, (ARW) sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was held in Corfu, Greece in June, 1989. The intent of the workshop was to survey available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic methods in cancer risk assessment and identify methodological gaps and research needs for biologically based methods in cancer risk assessment. Incorporation of such methods represents one of the most challenging areas for risk assessment. The workshop included an international group of invited experts in the field and provided for a dynamic exchange of ideas and accomplishments. Some of the major topics discussed were: * Inventory of available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic methods for cancer risk assessment. * Identification of methodology gaps and research needs in biologically based methods in cancer risk assessment. * Development of a general framework to guide future cancer risk assessment research. This book is a compilation of the papers presented at the workshop and is intended to provide guidance for future research to reduce uncertainties in the cancer risk assessment process. The primary sponsorship of this ARW by NATO and the advice and cooperation of Dr. C. Sinclair of the Scientific affairs Division are gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgement is also given to the National Science Foundation for its support. The organization of the ARW and the preparation of this book have required considerable help from many other sources.
Download or read book Perspectives on Biologically Based Cancer Risk Assessment written by Vincent James Cogliano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first meeting of the NATO/CCMS Pilot Study "Dose-Response Analysis and Biologically-Based Risk assessment for Initiator and Promoter Carcinogens" was held in Rome, Italy, in the spring of 1991, and was followed by annual or bi-annual meetings held in Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal, USA, up to the end of 1995; in large part supported by NATO/CCMS grants or fellowships, and organized by Pilot Study participants. The Pilot Study activity has been characterized by a higly collaborative atmosphere, which was essential for a deep and detailed analysis of a problem on which different points of view, methodological approaches and regulations exist in the various member countries. The Pilot Study was aimed at proposing a carcinogenic risk assessment procedure which is based on a detailed analysis of the relevant biological processes, and may also consent the verification of hypotheses. The specific form of theoretical and mathe matical models is identified by considering and using the whole set of objective data available. The multidisciplinary approach of the pilot study is reflected by the struc ture of this book. Each chapter is the result of the cooperation of several authors from to produce a comprehensive manual that includes different countries; its objective was both theoretical and practical information.
Download or read book Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment written by David Brusick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-01-11 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic disease contributes to a major portion of our health care costs. While most of the human genetic burden is transmitted from generation to generation, environmental chemicals capable of reacting with germ cell DNA could produce new mutations, resulting in an even greater genetic liability for the next generation. The potential impact of environmental mutagens on the health and viability of other living things is important to consider as well. Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment features contributions from international experts to provide a comprehensive review of the current status of genetic risk assessment. You'll learn about various methods and strategies for when and how to conduct genetic risk assessments on human populations. You will also learn about the potential effects of environmental genotoxins on nonhuman organisms. Topics considered include:
Download or read book Environmental Health and Toxicology written by Kathryn S. Deck and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Leishmaniasis The Current Status and New Strategies for Control written by D.T. Hart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 979 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V Pentostam, an uncharacterized complex of Sb and carbohydrate derived from gluconic acid, is concentrated by Leishmania amastigotes via protein binding. Biochemical consequences of the interaction of amastigotes with Pentostam are inhibition of parasite bioenergetics and inhibition of ATP synthesis. REFERENCES 1. J.C. Mottram and G.H. Coombs. Enzyme activities of amastigotes and promastigotes and their inhibition by antimonials and arsenicqls. Exper. Parasitol. 59:151 (1985). 125 2. S.L. Croft, K.D. Neame and C.A. Homewood. Accumulation of [Sb] sodium stibogluconate by Leishmania mexicana amazonensis and Leishmania donovani in vitro. Compo Biochem. Physiol. 68c:95 (1981). 3. J.D. Berman, J.V. Gallalee, and B.D. Hansen. Leishmania mexicana: uptake of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) and pentamidine by parasite and macrophages. Exper. Parasitol. 64:127 (1987). 4. J.D. Berman, D. Waddell and B.D. Hanson. Biochemical meChanisms of the antileishmanial activity of sodium stibogluconate. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy. 27:916 (1985). 5. J.D. Berman, J.V. Gallalee, and J.M. Best. Sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) inhibition of glucose catabolism via the glycolytic pathway, and fatty acid B-oxidation in Leishmania mexicana amastigotes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 36:197 (1987). 6. D.T. Hart and G.H. Coombs. Leishmania mexicana: Energy metabolism of amastigotes and promastigotes. Exper. Parasitol. 54:397 (1982). 478 EFFECTS OF SINEFUNGIN ON CELLULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL EVENTS IN PROMASTIGOTES OF LEISHMANIA d. donovani Fran~oise Lawrence, and MaIka Robert-Cero Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles C.N.R.S.
Download or read book Early Influences Shaping The Individual written by Spyros Doxiadis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cochlear Mechanisms Structure Function and Models written by J. Wilson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Great advances have been made in understanding hearing in recent years. In particular, the mechanical function of the cochlea has become the focus of intense interest. This started in one direction, with the discovery of otoacoustic emissions in 1978, which required active mechanical amplification processes, as first postulated by Gold in 1948. Direct evidence for the role of this mechanism in sharpening-up the otherwise poor, basilar membrane tuning properties, was provided in 1982; and in 1983, motility was shown in outer hair cells. In parallel, an immense amount of work has been done on the electrophysiology of hair cells, following the first intracellular recordings in 1977. Over a longer time scale, models of basilar membrane motion have been developed and refined, and recently much effort has been put into incorporating active mechanisms and non-linear processes. It seemed an opportune time to bring together the leading workers in these various areas, to take stock of the whole field and to stimulate further progress. This book represents the proceedings of a NATO ARW on the Mechanics of Hearing held at the University of Keele, 3-8 July, 1988. The conception of the meeting owes much to earlier meetings held in Boston in 1985 (Peripheral Auditory Mechallisms, Eds. J.B. Allen, J.L.
Download or read book Research in Congenital Hypothyroidism written by F. Delange and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematic screening for congenital hypothyroidism in the newborn was introduced some 15 years ago. The main objective was the prevention of mental retardation due to thyroid hormone deficiency during the early months of life. During the past decade screening programs have become routine throughout most of the industrialized world and many questions relating to implementation, organization and quality control of such programs have been largely resolved. Preliminary IQ and neurological data have indicated that screening and early treatment do, in fact, prevent mental retardation. However, a number of scientific questions related to congenital hypothyroidism remain unanswered and extensive research activities are ongoing in the field. The objective of the organizers of the Brussels workshop was to focus almost exclusively on these current research aspects of the screening programs. This workshop is the third international conference specifically devoted to neonatal thyroid screening. The first was held in La Malbaie in Quebec in the fall of 1979. That meeting was well organized and highly productive. Its proceedings constitute a bible in the field. After the Quebec meeting, we witnessed major and rapid advances in our understanding of neonatal thyroid physiology as well as screening methodology, organiza tion, data management, the significance of an approach to false negative and false positive results,patient follow-up, and assessment of follow-up and treatment, and the psychoneurological evaluation of affected infants. Some of these aspects were further developed during a second highly pro ductive international conference organized in Tokyo in 1982.
Download or read book Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
Download or read book Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk written by Suzanne H. Reuben and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though overall cancer incidence and mortality have continued to decline in recent years, cancer continues to devastate the lives of far too many Americans. In 2009 alone, 1.5 million American men, women, and children were diagnosed with cancer, and 562,000 died from the disease. There is a growing body of evidence linking environmental exposures to cancer. The Pres. Cancer Panel dedicated its 2008¿2009 activities to examining the impact of environmental factors on cancer risk. The Panel considered industrial, occupational, and agricultural exposures as well as exposures related to medical practice, military activities, modern lifestyles, and natural sources. This report presents the Panel¿s recommend. to mitigate or eliminate these barriers. Illus.
Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
Download or read book Xenobiotica written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers three main areas: general xenobiochemistry, including the metabolism and disposition of drugs and environmental chemicals in animals, plants and micro-organisms, and the related methodology; molecular toxicology, concerning mechanisms of toxicity and the study of toxicology at the molecular level; and clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism, focusing on the pharmacokinetic behavior of foreign compounds in man.
Download or read book Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on with total page 1144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Download or read book Chemically Induced Cell Proliferation written by Byron E. Butterworth and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leaders in their respective fields, it provides current information on various roles that chemically induced cell proliferation might play in the carcinogenic process. With today's intense economic competiton, limited environmental resources and conflicting advice to the public on personal dangers, cancer policy needs to be based on the best available information. The association of chemically induced cell proliferation with carcinogenic activity is so prevalent that it must be considered in evaluating the carcinogenic danger of chemicals to which people may be exposed. The overviews offer insights into these mechanisms that should yield new predictive assays, improved design and interpretation for cancer bioassays and more realistic risk evaluations.
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book Basic Science in Toxicology written by Glyn N. Volans and published by Taylor & Francis Group. This book was released on 1990 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Toxicology, Brighton, UK, July 1989, address the areas of: the contribution of metabolic studies to the assessment of the toxicity of xenobiotics; toxicological science and risk assessment; ecotoxicology--relevance to society; the basis for selective toxicity to the lungs; mechanisms for evaluation of environmental carcinogenic risk; immunotoxicology; susceptibility of different groups to toxic damage; mechanistic studies in developmental and reproductive toxicology; and mechanisms of chemically-induced cell injury. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Patty s Toxicology 6 Volume Set written by Eula Bingham and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-31 with total page 5872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring the improved format used in the 5th edition, this updated set presents, in logical groupings, comprehensive toxicological data for industrial compounds, including CAS numbers, physical and chemical properties, exposure limits, and biological tolerance values for occupational exposures, making it essential for toxicologists and industrial hygienists. This edition has about 40% new authors who have brought a new and international perspective to interpreting industrial toxicology, and discusses new subjects such as nanotechnology, flavorings and the food industry, reactive chemical control to comprehensive chemical policy, metalworking fluids, and pharmaceuticals.
