Download or read book Visual Control of Locomotion written by Brett R. Fajen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element examines visual perception in the context of activities that involve moving about in complex, dynamic environments. A central theme is that the ability of humans and other animals to perceive their surroundings based on vision is profoundly shaped by the need to adaptively regulate locomotion to variations in the environment. As such, important new insights into what and how we perceive can be gleaned by investigating the connection between vision and the control of locomotion. I present an integrated summary of decades of research on the perception of self-motion and object motion based on optic flow, the perception of spatial layout and affordances, and the control strategies for guiding locomotion based on visual information. I also explore important theoretical issues and debates, including the question of whether visual control relies on internal models.

Download or read book Neuro motor control and feed forward models of locomotion in humans written by Marco Iosa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Locomotion involves many different muscles and the need of controlling several degrees of freedom. Despite the Central Nervous System can finely control the contraction of individual muscles, emerging evidences indicate that strategies for the reduction of the complexity of movement and for compensating the sensorimotor delays may be adopted. Experimental evidences in animal and lately human model led to the concept of a central pattern generator (CPG) which suggests that circuitry within the distal part of CNS, i.e. spinal cord, can generate the basic locomotor patterns, even in the absence of sensory information. Different studies pointed out the role of CPG in the control of locomotion as well as others investigated the neuroplasticity of CPG allowing for gait recovery after spinal cord lesion. Literature was also focused on muscle synergies, i.e. the combination of (locomotor) functional modules, implemented in neuronal networks of the spinal cord, generating specific motor output by imposing a specific timing structure and appropriate weightings to muscle activations. Despite the great interest that this approach generated in the last years in the Scientific Community, large areas of investigations remain available for further improvement (e.g. the influence of afferent feedback and environmental constrains) for both experimental and simulated models. However, also supraspinal structures are involved during locomotion, and it has been shown that they are responsible for initiating and modifying the features of this basic rhythm, for stabilising the upright walking, and for coordinating movements in a dynamic changing environment. Furthermore, specific damages into spinal and supraspinal structures result in specific alterations of human locomotion, as evident in subjects with brain injuries such as stroke, brain trauma, or people with cerebral palsy, in people with death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra due to Parkinson’s disease, or in subjects with cerebellar dysfunctions, such as patients with ataxia. The role of cerebellum during locomotion has been shown to be related to coordination and adaptation of movements. Cerebellum is the structure of CNS where are conceivably located the internal models, that are neural representations miming meaningful aspects of our body, such as input/output characteristics of sensorimotor system. Internal model control has been shown to be at the basis of motor strategies for compensating delays or lacks in sensorimotor feedbacks, and some aspects of locomotion need predictive internal control, especially for improving gait dynamic stability, for avoiding obstacles or when sensory feedback is altered or lacking. Furthermore, despite internal model concepts are widespread in neuroscience and neurocognitive science, neurorehabilitation paid far too little attention to the potential role of internal model control on gait recovery. Many important scientists have contributed to this Research Topic with original studies, computational studies, and review articles focused on neural circuits and internal models involved in the control of human locomotion, aiming at understanding the role played in control of locomotion of different neural circuits located at brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord levels.

Download or read book Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults written by Fabio Augusto Barbieri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to advance the discussion and improve our understanding about the effects of aging and movement disorders on motor control during walking and postural tasks. Despite these activities are performed daily, there is a high requirement of motor and neural systems in order to perform both tasks efficiently. Both walking and posture require a complex interaction of musculoskeletal and neural systems. However, the mechanisms used to control these tasks, as well as how they are planned and coordinated, are still a question of discussion among health professionals and researchers. In addition, this discussion is more interesting when the effects of aging are included in the context of locomotion and the postural control. The number of older individuals is 841 million in 2015, which is four times higher than the 202 million that lived in 1950. Aging causes many motor, sensorial and neural deficits, which impair locomotion and postural control in the elderly. The severity of this framework is worsened when the aging goes along with a movement disorder, such as Parkinson disease, Chorea, Dystonia, Huntington disease, etc. Therefore, the aim of this book is to highlight the influence of different aspects on planning, controlling and performing locomotion and posture tasks. In attempting to improve current knowledge in this field, invited authors present and discuss how environmental, sensorial, motor, cognitive and individual aspects influence the planning and performance of locomotor and postural activities. The major thrust of the book is to address the mechanisms involved in controlling and planning motor action in neurological healthy individuals, as well as in those who suffer from movement disorders or face the effects of aging, indicating the aspects that impair locomotion and postural control. In addition, new technologies, tools and interventions designed to manage the effects of aging and movement disorders are presented in the book.

Download or read book Adaptability of Human Gait written by A.E. Patla and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-03-25 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of volumes have been produced summarizing the work on generation and control of rhythmic movements, in particular locomotion. Unfortunately most of them focus on locomotor studies done on animals. This edited volume redresses that imbalance by focusing completely on human locomotor behaviour. The very nature of the problem has both necessitated and attracted researchers from a wide variety of disciplines ranging from psychology, neurophysiology, kinesiology, engineering, medicine to computer science. The different and unique perspectives they bring to this problem provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of knowledge on the generation and regulation of human locomotor behaviour.A common unifying theme of this volume is studying the adaptability of human gait to obtain insights into the control of locomotion. The intentional focus on "adaptability" is meant to draw attention to the importance of understanding the generation and regulation of "skilled locomotor behaviour" rather than just the generation of basic locomotor patterns which has been the major focus of animal studies. The synthesis chapter at the end of the volume examines how the questions posed, the technology, and the experimental and theoretical paradigms have evolved over the years, and what the future has in store for this important research domain.

Download or read book Time to Contact written by Heiko Hecht and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-05-06 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-to-contact is the visual information that observers use in fundamental tasks such as landing an airplane or hitting a ball. Time-to-contact has been a hot topic in perception and action for many years and although many articles have been published on this topic, a comprehensive overview or assessment of the theory does not yet exist. This book fills an important gap and will have appeal to the perception and action community. The book is divided into four sections. Section one covers the foundation of time-to-contact, Section two covers different behavioral approaches to time-to-contact estimation, Section three focuses on time-to-contact as perception and strategy, and Section four covers time-to-contact and action regulation.

Download or read book Sensorimotor Control and Learning written by James Tresilian and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05-13 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction for undergraduate students. Principals of Sensorimotor Control and Learning presents an integrated picture of sensorimotor behaviour. It provides integrated coverage of: brain and behaviour, perception and action, theory and experiment, performance (kinematics and kinetics of behaviour) and outcomes.

Download or read book Eye Movements written by Roger PG van Gompel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-27 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eye-movement recording has become the method of choice in a wide variety of disciplines investigating how the mind and brain work. This volume brings together recent, high-quality eye-movement research from many different disciplines and, in doing so, presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in eye-movement research. Sections include the history of eye-movement research, physiological and clinical studies of eye movements, transsaccadic integration, computational modelling of eye movements, reading, spoken language processing, attention and scene perception, and eye-movements in natural environments. - Includes recent research from a variety of disciplines - Divided into sections based on topic areas, with an overview chapter beginning each section - Through the study of eye movements we can learn about the human mind, and eye movement recording has become the method of choice in many disciplines

Download or read book Awareness shaping or shaped by prediction and postdiction written by Yuki Yamada and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We intuitively believe that we are aware of the external world as it is. Unfortunately, this is not entirely true. In fact, the capacity of our sensory system is too small to veridically perceive the world. To overcome this problem, the sensory system has to spatiotemporally integrate neural signals in order to interpret the external world. However, the spatiotemporal integration involves severe neural latencies. How does the sensory system keep up with the ever-changing external world? As later discussed, ‘prediction’ and ‘postdiction’ are essential keywords here. For example, the sensory system uses temporally preceding events to predict subsequent events (e.g., Nijhawan, 1994; Kerzel, 2003; Hubbard, 2005) even when the preceding event is subliminally presented (Schmidt, 2000). Moreover, internal prediction modulates the perception of action outcomes (Bays et al., 2005; Cardoso-Leite et al., 2010) and sense of agency (Wenke et al., 2010). Prediction is also an indispensable factor for movement planning and control (Kawato, 1999). On the other hand, the sensory system also makes use of subsequent events to postdictively interpret a preceding event (e.g. Eagleman & Sejnowski, 2000; Enns, 2002; Khuu et al., 2010; Kawabe, 2011, 2012; Miyazaki et al., 2010; Ono & Kitazawa, 2011) and it's much the same even for infancy (Newman et al., 2008). Moreover, it has also been proposed that sense of agency stems not only from predictive processing but also from postdictive inference (Ebert & Wegner, 2011). The existence of postdictive processing is also supported by several neuroscience studies (Kamitani & Shimojo, 1999; Lau et al., 2007). How prediction and postdiction shape awareness of the external world is an intriguing question. Prediction is involved with the encoding of incoming signals, whereas postdiction is related to a re-interpretation of already encoded signals. Given this perspective, prediction and postdiction may exist along a processing stream for a single external event. However, it is unclear whether, and if so how, prediction and postdiction interact with each other to shape awareness of the external world. Awareness of the external world may also shape prediction and/or postdiction. It is plausible that awareness of the external world drives the prediction and postdiction of future and past appearances of the world. However, the literature provides little information about the role of awareness of the external world in prediction and postdiction. This background propelled us to propose this research topic with the aim of offering a space for systematic discussion concerning the relationship between awareness, prediction and postdiction among researchers in broad research areas, such as psychology, psychophysics, neuroscience, cognitive science, philosophy, and so forth. We encouraged papers that address one or more of the following questions: 1) How does prediction shape awareness of the external world? 2) How does postdiction shape awareness of the external world? 3) How do prediction and postdiction interact with each other in shaping awareness of the external world? 4) How does awareness of the external world shape prediction/postdiction?

Download or read book Vision and Motor Control written by L. Proteau and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-02-20 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the classic studies of Woodworth (1899), the role ofvision in the control of movement has been an importantresearch topic in experimental psychology. While many earlystudies were concerned with the relative importance of visionand kinesthesis and/or the time it takes to use visualinformation, recent theoretical and technical developmentshave stimulated scientists to ask questions about howdifferent sources of visual information contribute to motorcontrol in different contexts.In this volume, articles arepresented that provide a broad coverage of the currentresearch and theory on vision and human motor learning andcontrol. Many of the contributors are colleagues that have metover the years at the meetings and conferences concerned withhuman movement. They represent a wide range of affiliation andbackground including kinesiology, physical education,neurophysiology, cognitive psychology and neuropsychology.Thus the topic of vision and motor control is addressed from anumber of different perspectives. In general, each author setsan empirical and theoretical framework for their topic, andthen discusses current work from their own laboratory, and howit fits into the larger context. A synthesis chapter at the end of the volume identifies commonalities in the work and suggests directions for future experimentation.

Download or read book Visual Control of Locomotion written by Jurgen Konczak and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomechanics Aging Exercise and Other Interventions written by Rafael Reimann Baptista and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Motor Learning and Control for Practitioners written by Cheryl A. Coker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motor Learning & Control for Practitioners, with Online Labs, Third Edition, is a reader-friendly text that balances theoretical concepts and their applications. Its practical approach and wide range of examples and teaching tools help readers build a solid foundation for assessing performance; providing effective instruction; and designing practice, rehabilitation, and training experiences. Whether readers plan to work in physical education, kinesiology, exercise science, coaching, athletic training, physical therapy, or dance, this text defines current thinking and trends, blending practical information with supporting research. Cerebral Challenges, Exploration Activities, and Research Notes will help students review and extend their learning and inform them about developments in the field. Marginal website references direct readers to online resources, including videos, web-based activities, and relevant apps. Sixteen online lab experiences allow readers to apply what they've learned; many include videos demonstrating procedural aspects.

Download or read book Closing the Gap written by Gert-Jan Pepping and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book Advances in Neural Signal Processing written by Ramana Vinjamuri and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural signal processing is a specialized area of signal processing aimed at extracting information or decoding intent from neural signals recorded from the central or peripheral nervous system. This has significant applications in the areas of neuroscience and neural engineering. These applications are famously known in the area of brain–machine interfaces. This book presents recent advances in this flourishing field of neural signal processing with demonstrative applications.

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Sport Expertise written by Joseph Baker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and developing expertise is an important concern for any researcher or practitioner working in elite or high performance sport. Whether it's identifying talented young athletes or developing methods for integrating cutting-edge sport science into daily coaching practice, scientists, coaches and researchers all need to understand the skills, characteristics, and knowledge that distinguish the expert performer in sport. The Routledge Handbook of Sport Expertise is the first book to offer a comprehensive overview of current research and practice in the emerging field of sports expertise. Adopting a multi-disciplinary, multi-faceted approach, the book offers in-depth discussion of methodological and philosophical issues in sport expertise, as well as the characteristics that describe sporting ‘experts’ and how they can be facilitated and developed. Exploring research, theory and practice, the book also examines how scientists and practitioners can work together to improve the delivery of applied sport science. With contributions from many of the world’s leading researchers in expertise and skill acquisition in sport, the Routledge Handbook of Sport Expertise is important reading for any advanced student, researcher, coach or sport science support officer looking to better understand this cutting-edge topic.

Download or read book Dynamics of Human Gait written by Christopher L Vaughan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Balance Gait and Falls written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balance, Gait, and Falls, Volume 159 presents the latest information on sensorimotor anatomy, sensory integration, gravity and verticality, standing balance, balance perturbations, voluntary stepping and gait initiation, gait and gait adaptability, disorders of balance and gait that result from aging and neurological diseases. The book provides a brief overview of age-related changes in the structure and function of sensorimotor and central processes, with sections specifically devoted to Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, stroke, corticobasal degeneration, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, dystonia, tremor, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, cerebral palsy, polio, motor neuron disease, brainstem lesions, spinal lesions, peripheral nerve disease, and psychogenic conditions. Diseases covered have a common structure comprising background and epidemiology, pathology, balance disorders, gait disorders, falls, therapies (including fall prevention), and future directions. - Covers all aspects of basic and clinical research on disorders of balance and gait in neurological disease - Presents a multidisciplinary review of balance and gait physiology, the epidemiology and natural history of balance and gait impairments in aging, and a broad range of neurological diseases - Addresses impairments of balance and gait for basic and clinical researchers in neuroscience, human movement science, physiotherapy and exercise physiology