Download or read book Visceral and Ectopic Fat written by Hildo J. Lamb and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-28 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the health consequences and mechanisms by which visceral fat causes disease are well-studied, relatively less is known about ectopic fat, its patterns of deposition and its effects on the pathoetiology of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Visceral and Ectopic Fat: Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease covers the wealth of literature that has been amassed over the past decade on this topic. This reference brings all the research and clinical data together in one volume and helps clinicians and academic researchers understand more thoroughly the underlying mechanisms and interrelation between fat depots and ectopic fat stores in relation to health and disease. It showcases some of the recent developments in adipose tissue biology, particularly on the impact of interventional strategies - bariatric surgery, liposuction, physical and dietary intervention - of which information is desired among health specialists and policy makers. Brings together up-to-date research on imaging, genetics, and risk factors for chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and fatty liver disease Takes a deep dive into the current state of knowledge regarding fat stores, ectopic fat, regulation of fat stores, clinical implications, interventions, and imagining techniques Provides up-to-date information specifically focused on visceral and ectopic fat. In addition, both pathophysiological and preventive and treatment aspects of the problem will be considered Covers a broad range of organs - different fat stores such as skeletal muscle, bone marrow, liver and kidney Discusses potential interventions to reduce abdominal fat

Download or read book Visceral and Ectopic Fat written by Hildo J. Lamb and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-15 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the health consequences and mechanisms by which visceral fat causes disease are well-studied, relatively less is known about ectopic fat, its patterns of deposition and its effects on the pathoetiology of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Visceral and Ectopic Fat: Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease covers the wealth of literature that has been amassed over the past decade on this topic. This reference brings all the research and clinical data together in one volume and helps clinicians and academic researchers understand more thoroughly the underlying mechanisms and interrelation between fat depots and ectopic fat stores in relation to health and disease. It showcases some of the recent developments in adipose tissue biology, particularly on the impact of interventional strategies - bariatric surgery, liposuction, physical and dietary intervention - of which information is desired among health specialists and policy makers. Brings together up-to-date research on imaging, genetics, and risk factors for chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and fatty liver disease Takes a deep dive into the current state of knowledge regarding fat stores, ectopic fat, regulation of fat stores, clinical implications, interventions, and imagining techniques Provides up-to-date information specifically focused on visceral and ectopic fat. In addition, both pathophysiological and preventive and treatment aspects of the problem will be considered Covers a broad range of organs - different fat stores such as skeletal muscle, bone marrow, liver and kidney Discusses potential interventions to reduce abdominal fat

Download or read book Ectopic Lipid Deposition in Overweight Women written by Courtney Leigh Gerlach and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Ectopic lipid deposition in the liver may be an important factor in adverse metabolic health and development of T2D. Although obesity is a major risk factor for ectopic lipid deposition, not all overweight or obese individuals have ectopic fat. Aim: To determine whether there is a risk phenotype that is associated with ectopic fat deposition in the liver, in normal weight and overweight Caucasian women who were enrolled in a clinical study conducted as part of the Peak Nutrition for Metabolic Health (PANaMAH) National Science Challenge program in New Zealand. Methods: A total of 94 Caucasian women completed: anthropometric measurements including body weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference; information on alcohol consumption; blood pressure recordings; blood sample collection; and (n=93) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) body composition assessment. A sub-cohort of women (n=34) underwent liver magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scans to determine liver fat percentage and (n=32) completed physical fitness testing by the YMCA Cycle Ergometer test, to estimate VO2max. Results: In women who completed a MRS scan, liver fat was strongly correlated with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p 0.0001) and serum triglycerides (p= 0.0034). Older age (p= 0.0152), higher visceral fat percentage (p= 0.0184), and higher abdominal fat percentage (p= 0.0491) were also strongly associated with liver fat percentage. Women with greater liver fat (5.56%) were older (55.8 years, p= 0.0298) bigger (BMI 31.2 kg/m2, p= 0.0003), more dysglycaecmic (HbA1c 35.7 mmol/mol, p= 0.0483; FPG 5.5 mmol/L, p= 0.0065), and had higher waist circumference (101.2 cm, p= 0.0009), blood pressure (SBP 132.6 mmHg, p= 0.008; diastolic blood pressure 67.8 mmHg, p= 0.0095), ALP (117.9 U/L, p= 0.0016), serum triglycerides (1.3 mmol/L, p= 0.0153), and body fat stores (total body fat 46.5%, p= 0.001; abdominal fat 53.7% of abdominal tissue; p= 0.0008; visceral fat 39.4% of abdominal fat, p= 0.0001), compared to women with low liver fat (5.56%). Conclusion: The risk phenotype associated with ectopic lipid deposition in the liver in normal weight and overweight Caucasian women includes: higher systolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, older age, visceral fat percentage, and abdominal fat percentage. BMI, HbA1c, FPG, waist circumference and ALP were also significantly higher in women with greater liver fat (5.56%),therefore are also important in the risk phenotype. While cardiorespiratory fitness was not directly associated with liver fat, the strong association of high cardiorespiratory fitness with other risk factors of adverse metabolic risk, emphasise it may play a role in the risk phenotype for ectopic lipid deposition in the liver.

Download or read book Novel Biomarkers for Visceral and Liver Fat written by Defne Altan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of a Weight Reduction Program on Ectopic Fat Accumulation Insulin Sensitivity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Overweight Or Obesity written by Eline Lauwers and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Epicardial Adipose Tissue written by Gianluca Iacobellis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first authoritative and comprehensive volume dedicated to epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). It provides an up-to-date and highly illustrated synopsis of the anatomical, biomolecular, genetic, imaging features, and clinical applications of EAT and its role in cardiovascular disease. It relays to the reader a contemporary view of the emerging interplay between the heart and adiposity-related diseases. In addition, this volume discusses the clinical implications and therapeutic targets of EAT in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and coronary artery disease. Comprehensive yet focused, Epicardial Adipose Tissue: From Cell to Clinic is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, endocrinology, primary care, and health promotion and disease prevention.

Download or read book The Effect of a Weight Reduction Program on Ectopic Fat Accumulation Insulin Sensitivity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Overweight Or Obesity written by Lauranne Pauwels and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity focuses on the important roles that exercise, dietary changes, and foods play in promoting as well as reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will use this comprehensive resource as a tool in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular, and diabetic diseases. Experts from a broad range of disciplines are involved in dealing with the consequences of excessive abdominal fat: cardiology, diabetes research, studies of lipids, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition, obesity, and exercise physiology. They have contributed chapters that define a range of dietary approaches to reducing risk and associated chronic diseases. They begin by defining visceral obesity and its major outcomes; they also discuss the importance and the challenges of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, as compared to clinical approaches, with major costs and risks. Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures Includes chapters on types of foods, exercise, and supplements in reducing obesity and its chronic clinical companions, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease Helps nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers approach patients in making decision about nutritional therapies and clinical treatments for abdominal obesity, from an evidence-based perspective

Download or read book Body Composition written by Henry C. Lukaski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the relationships between body structure and function in physical activity has persisted for centuries. Body Composition: Health and Performance in Exercise and Sport advances understanding beyond simple descriptions of body physique and composition of athletes and fills gaps in our understanding of the important role of muscle, fat, and bone in facilitating physical performance and health in sports and physically demanding occupations. lt addresses basic, practical, and applied topics in body composition, performance, and health with comprehensive reviews organized in four logical parts: Body Composition Assessment; Physical Activity and Body Composition; Body Composition in Sports and Occupations; and Moderating Factors. This book integrates state-of-the-art knowledge by international experts in the field and produces an evidence-based practical guide for a balanced understanding of the role and use of body composition assessment in physical performance and health for youth and adults. It also provides a needed link between the practice of body composition assessment and its application by members of public health advisory committees that develop national guidelines for diet, physical activity, and health. This book is suitable for students and professionals in sports nutrition, exercise science, kinesiology, and athletic training. Sport administrators and policy-makers for international and national sport federations and organizations, and national intercollegiate and scholastic federations, would also benefit from this book.

Download or read book Insulin Resistance written by Philip S. Zeitler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this unique text presents topics related to insulin resistance in youth and its consequences across the lifespan. In the first section of the book examining epidemiology, the contributors review controversies over the definition of insulin resistance in children and what is known about how insulin resistance in youth differs from adults, the measurement of insulin resistance in youth in the research and clinical settings, and current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of insulin resistance in the pediatric population. The second section of the book explores pathophysiology, including current knowledge of the molecular, metabolic, and physiologic mechanisms of insulin resistance, the unique pathophysiology of pregnancy and puberty, the contributions of the prenatal and early childhood environment to the development of insulin resistance, and adipose and biochemical mediators. This section concludes with discussion of the relationship between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease and liver disorders. A third section, new to this second edition, explores insulin resistance in unique models: intrauterine growth restriction and girls with polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome. The final section of the book explores the concepts of treatment through medications directed at insulin sensitivity, as well as exercise, weight loss medications and consequences of bariatric surgery. Insulin Resistance: Childhood Precursors of Adult Disease, Second Edition provides up-to-date reviews of all of these areas, providing the reader with a current perspective on issues in insulin resistance in youth, an emerging risk factor for disease across the lifespan, that will spur continued interest in the topic on the part of clinicians and researchers, perhaps promoting new points of view and creative approaches to this daunting challenge.

Download or read book The Scandinavian Belly Fat Program written by Berit Nordstrand and published by Allen & Unwin. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's best-selling author Berit Nordstrand's fall-in-love-with-life approach to food that makes her belly fat program unique. We now know that it's the fact around your belly, rather than anywhere else on your body, that's the most dangerous to health. Belly fat causes problems for the liver, kidneys and heart and contributes to cardiovascular disease, asthma, migraine, rheumatism, cancer, depression and of course diabetes. For men, a healthy waist size measures less than 94 cm and for women, a waist less than 80 cm. In this book, Berit sets clear, short-term goals to help you to reduce your belly fat over 12 weeks. Her program is packed with food and body facts, and simple food tips, tricks and more than 65 recipes that speed up the rate at which your body burns fat, increase your muscle mass and help you reach your ideal, healthy waist size.

Download or read book Investigating Susceptibility and Resilience to Type 2 Diabetes written by Wilson Chun Yu Yip and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health concern worldwide and numbers are increasing at a dramatic rate, particularly in Asia. It is important to identify individuals with early risk of T2D or in prediabetic state, and delay onset or prevent disease progression through lifestyle changes including nutrition interventions. While excess body weight and obesity, characterised by body mass index (BMI), are important risk factors for developing T2D, it has been hypothesised that the locations of fat storage, such as visceral adiposity and ectopic fat deposition in pancreas and liver, play a major role in T2D risk. Additionally, Asian Chinese may be at a higher risk of developing T2D compared to European Caucasian given the same age, gender and BMI, and is reflected in the rapid growing number of T2D in Asia, particularly China. T2D is a metabolic disorder caused by dysfunction of pancreatic [beta]-cells in failure to secrete enough insulin to control blood glucose and/or an increase in insulin resistance. T2D risk can be managed through lifestyle modification including nutrition interventions. High protein diet, particularly whey protein, stimulates postprandial insulin response that may help control blood glucose. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic [beta]-cells and it has been suggested that dietary polyphenols, particularly rutin, helps improve pancreatic[beta]-cell function. The aim of this thesis, by conducting 3 clinical studies, was to investigate whether visceral adiposity and ectopic fat deposition increase susceptibility to T2D, and whether nutrition interventions (acute single dose whey protein intervention, and longer term 12-week polyphenol rutin intervention) could improve aspects of T2D risk, including pancreatic[beta]-cell function, insulin secretion and glycaemic control. The first study of this thesis (TOFI_Asia study) investigated the association between central adiposity and ectopic fat deposition in pancreas and liver on glycaemic control and risk of T2D in Asian Chinese and European Caucasian healthy and prediabetic individuals. A total of 357 participants were recruited, aged 18-70yrs, with BMI 23-40kg/m2. All participants had their anthropometry measured, fasting blood samples collected for measurements of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and related T2D-blood markers, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to assess body fat distribution. A subcohort of 68 participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/S) assessment for pancreas and liver fat. Multiple regression models were used to predict association between FPG and risk of T2D. This study characterised T2D risk of individuals, where FPG was identified as a potential marker to identify participants at earliest risk of developing T2D, consistent with our recently published review. Furthermore, we found that visceral fat, liver fat, and pancreas fat were stronger risk predictors of T2D compared to BMI and total body fat (TBF), highlighting the importance of adipose storage sites. Pancreas fat showed the strongest association to FPG and risk of T2D, also as expected, since pancreas is a key endocrine organ in insulin regulated glucose homeostasis. Ethnicity also plays a significant role in T2D risk, with Chinese being more susceptible and Caucasian more resilient to T2D given the same age, gender and BMI. Furthermore, Chinese had higher abdominal fat, visceral fat, pancreas fat, and liver fat compared to Caucasian matched for age, gender and BMI, thus suggesting the higher risk of Chinese being more susceptible to T2D may be due to the ethnic differences in body composition. The second study of this thesis (Acute Protein study) investigated the postprandial glycaemic and insulin responses of single meal whey protein consumption in Chinese and Caucasian prediabetic individuals. A total of 24 female prediabetic (FPG 5.6-6.9mmol/L) participants were recruited, aged 18-65yrs, BMI 23-40kg/m2. This was a randomised, 3 treatments (water control, low-dose 12.5g whey protein beverage, and high-dose 50g whey protein beverage) cross-over acute single meal postprandial study. Blood samples were collected over 4 hours after the consumption of the treatment beverages to assess glucose and insulin responses. The statistical analysis for the overall postprandial changes between all 3 treatment groups was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Consumption of a single 50g dose of whey protein stimulated an increased postprandial insulin response but not postprandial glucose response, possibly due to carbohydrates not consumed as part of the meal, thus glucose level did not raise postprandially and subsequently could not be lowered further. This was the first study to report glucose and insulin responses in the comparison between pancreas fat, liver fat and ethnic groups and different doses of whey protein consumption. Individuals with high pancreas fat had noticeably reduced postprandial insulin response after consumption of 50g whey protein beverage compared to individuals with low pancreas fat, highlighting the detrimental effect of pancreas fat towards T2D risk. On the other hand, we did not see the same insulin response in individuals with high liver fat. This study also reported on ethnic differences with Caucasian having noticeable better glycaemic control across all treatment groups, and better insulin response compared to Chinese. The third study of this thesis (Rutin study) investigated the effect of polyphenol rutin consumption (500mg/day) over a 12-week intervention period on pancreatic[beta]-cell function, by measuring incremental area under curve (iAUC) C-peptide to glucose ratio, in a cohort of healthy and prediabetic individuals. A total of 87 participants were recruited, aged 18-65yrs, BMI 23-35kg/m2. This was a double blind randomised, 3 treatments (control, 500mg/day rutin capsule, and 500mg/day rutin yoghurt), parallel study conducted over 12 weeks, with 29 participants randomised into each intervention group. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at baseline clinical investigation day (CID) 1, and at CID4 after12-week intervention. The statistical analysis for the overall change over CIDs between all 3 treatment groups was performed by ANOVA. This was the first human clinical study to assess pancreatic[beta]-cell function, using postprandial T2D-related blood markers, in response to rutin supplementation. Unexpectedly, the consumption of rutin capsules (500mg/day) or rutin yoghurt (500mg/day) did not significantly improve pancreatic [beta]-cell function, possibly due to both healthy and prediabetic cohort having relatively normal[beta]-cell function, as the beneficial effect of rutin was seen previously in T2D animal models rather than in healthy or prediabetic state. Thus, the potential health benefits of rutin, if any observed in our study, would be to maintain rather than improving residual [beta]-cell function. Furthermore, any positive effect of rutin, if any, would likely be to maintain[beta]-cell function longterm, rather than a rapid, acute improvement within a 12-week period as investigated in this study. In conclusion, this thesis added valuable knowledge to the metabolic health platform and the T2D pandemic worldwide. Visceral adiposity and ectopic fat deposition in the liver and particularly pancreas resulted in increased risk of T2D. Furthermore, there were significant ethnic differences between Asian Chinese and European Caucasian, with former showing higher risk of T2D evidently with higher FPG, higher visceral fat, pancreas fat, and liver fat compared to later. Chinese being more susceptible to T2D risk reported in study 1 was also consistent with the baseline findings in studies 2 and 3. While the production of glucose is the main stimulus for insulin secretion, high dose dietary whey protein consumption in study 2 also significantly influenced postprandial insulin response. Individuals with high pancreas fat shown to suppress postprandial insulin response compared to individuals with low pancreas fat. Polyphenol rutin has been reported to ameliorate[beta]-cell function in T2D animal models, but there were no effects of rutin intervention on [beta]-cell function in study 3 involving healthy and prediabetic individuals.

Download or read book Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children written by Peter G. Kopelman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly Commended in the 2006 British Medical AssociationBook Awards (Endocrinology) This Second Edition brings together more than 20 internationallyrecognized experts in the field to provide a timely review ofcurrent knowledge. The text remains an invaluable resource for allhealthcare professionals involved in the care of patients who areobese. New features of this Second Edition include: Addition of two new co-editors – Professor Bill Dietz,USA and Professor Ian Caterson, Australia Increased number of contributors from around the globe –providing a truly international perspective Includes new information about the causes of obesity, itscomplications and new (and novel) methods of prevention andtreatment Reorganized into sections that address obesity and its socialand cultural aspects, biology, associated diseases, life stages(pediatric and adult), management, and environmental and policyapproaches

Download or read book Obesity written by Robert H. Eckel and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2003 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international group of leading experts on obesity and related disorders, this volume is the first to address the clinical aspects of obesity. The contributors review the latest clinically relevant findings on the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity, examine the full spectrum of comorbid conditions and complications, and discuss the role of drugs, behavioral interventions, exercise, and surgery in treatment of obesity. Compatibility: BlackBerry(R) OS 4.1 or Higher / iPhone/iPod Touch 2.0 or Higher /Palm OS 3.5 or higher / Palm Pre Classic / Symbian S60, 3rd edition (Nokia) / Windows Mobile(TM) Pocket PC (all versions) / Windows Mobile Smartphone / Windows 98SE/2000/ME/XP/Vista/Tablet PC

Download or read book Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease written by Todd Leff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.

Download or read book Clinical Research in Diabetes and Obesity Volume 2 written by Boris Draznin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unprecedented compilation of state-of-the-art advances in clinical research by premier clinical scientists around the world. This volume discusses the methods of clinical research and the interpretation of their results in studies of normal individuals, obese subjects, and patients with diabetes mellitus. Along the way, the authoritative contributors writing here illuminate how changes in the hormone action and substrate metabolism of healthy humans may lead to obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Download or read book Translational Research Methods in Diabetes Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease written by Andrew J. Krentz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to aid the selection of the most appropriate methods for use in early phase (1 and 2) clinical studies of new drugs for diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related cardiometabolic disorders. Clinical research methods to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new diabetes drugs, e.g. the euglycemic clamp technique, have become well-established in proof-of-mechanism studies. However, selection of the most appropriate techniques is by no means straightforward. Moreover, the application of such methods must conform to the regulatory requirements for new drugs. This book discusses the need for new pharmacotherapies for diabetes, obesity and NAFLD and the molecular targets of drugs currently in development. Emerging technologies including functional imaging, circulating biomarkers and omics are considered together with practical and ethical issues pertaining to early phase clinical trials in subjects with cardiometabolic disorders. Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is of interest to biomedical scientists, pharmacologists, academics involved in metabolic research and clinicians practicing in these specialties.