Download or read book The Sounds of Early Cinema written by Richard Abel and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2001-10-03 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sounds of Early Cinema is devoted exclusively to a little-known, yet absolutely crucial phenomenon: the ubiquitous presence of sound in early cinema. "Silent cinema" may rarely have been silent, but the sheer diversity of sound(s) and sound/image relations characterizing the first 20 years of moving picture exhibition can still astonish us. Whether instrumental, vocal, or mechanical, sound ranged from the improvised to the pre-arranged (as in scripts, scores, and cue sheets). The practice of mixing sounds with images differed widely, depending on the venue (the nickelodeon in Chicago versus the summer Chautauqua in rural Iowa, the music hall in London or Paris versus the newest palace cinema in New York City) as well as on the historical moment (a single venue might change radically, and many times, from 1906 to 1910). Contributors include Richard Abel, Rick Altman, Edouard Arnoldy, Mats Björkin, Stephen Bottomore, Marta Braun, Jean Châteauvert, Ian Christie, Richard Crangle, Helen Day-Mayer, John Fullerton, Jane Gaines, André Gaudreault, Tom Gunning, François Jost, Charlie Keil, Jeff Klenotic, Germain Lacasse, Neil Lerner, Patrick Loughney, David Mayer, Domi-nique Nasta, Bernard Perron, Jacques Polet, Lauren Rabinovitz, Isabelle Raynauld, Herbert Reynolds, Gregory A. Waller, and Rashit M. Yangirov.

Download or read book Literary Translation Reception and Transfer written by Norbert Bachleitner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three concepts mentioned in the title of this volume imply the contact between two or more literary phenomena; they are based on similarities that are related to a form of ‘travelling’ and imitation or adaptation of entire texts, genres, forms or contents. Transfer comprises all sorts of ‘travelling’, with translation as a major instrument of transferring literature across linguistic and cultural barriers. Transfer aims at the process of communication, starting with the source product and its cultural context and then highlighting the mediation by certain agents and institutions to end up with inclusion in the target culture. Reception lays its focus on the receiving culture, especially on critcism, reading, and interpretation. Translation, therefore, forms a major factor in reception with the general aim of reception studies being to reveal the wide spectrum of interpretations each text offers. Moreover, translations are the prime instrument in the distribution of literature across linguistic and cultural borders; thus, they pave the way for gaining prestige in the world of literature. The thirty-eight papers included in this volume and dedicated to research in this area were previously read at the ICLA conference 2016 in Vienna. They are ample proof that the field remains at the center of interest in Comparative Literature.

Download or read book The Work of the International Law Commission written by Vereinte Nationen International Law Commission and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book IELTS Collected Papers written by Lynda B. Taylor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-03 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains ten research studies which informed the revised IELTS Speaking and Writing Modules, 2001 and 2005.

Download or read book Multi party Elections in Africa written by Michael Cowen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains electoral studies of multiparty politics in 14 African countries during the 1990s. Most are about national elections in Anglophone Africa. There are also less well-known examples from Sudan, Ethiopia and Guinea Bissau. The collection also features studies of the local elections in Namibia and of a significant by-election in Malawi. The multiparty period had been put, wherever possible, within the historical context of earlier elections in Africa. Questions addressed include: how did incumbent governing regimes learn to live with multiparty politics? Why have some elections been so closely fought and others have suffered from apathy? Why has there been relatively open political expression and activity when the elections have increased the political and economic manipulation by incumbent governments? Why have the elections of the 1990s been so marked by local and ethnic variations? To what extent did this wave of democracy result from pressure from donor countries?

Download or read book United Nations Juridical Yearbook 1981 written by United Nations Staff and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The International Society as a Legal Community written by H Mosler and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1980-09 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dictionary of Language Testing written by Alan Davies and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-04-22 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Dictionary of Language Testing contains some 600 entries on language assessment

Download or read book Issues in Computer Adaptive Testing of Reading Proficiency written by Micheline Chalhoub-Deville and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book is computer based assessment of the receptive skills.

Download or read book Continuity and Innovation written by University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-02-20 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume documents the revision of the Certificate in Proficiency in English (CPE) 1991 to 2002.

Download or read book IELTS Washback in Context written by Anthony Green and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-29 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the washback of the IELTS Writing test on English for Academic Purposes provision.

Download or read book The Reception of United States Literature in Germany written by Lawrence Marsden Price and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of High Stakes Examinations on Classroom Teaching written by Dianne Wall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-12 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description

Download or read book Report of the International Law Commission written by United Nations Publications and published by UN. This book was released on 2023-06-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the official report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly on its seventy-third session dated 18 April-3 June and 4 July-5 August 2022.

Download or read book English German Literary Influences written by Lawrence Marsden Price and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Changing Language Teaching Through Language Testing written by Liying Cheng and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been growing interest in recent years in the influence of tests on teaching and learning - a phenomenon commonly referred to as 'washback'. Despite persistent assertions about its nature and scope, empirical studies investigating test washback are still limited in number, and few of these make use of both qualitative and quantitative methods in washback research. This volume presents a study of how the introduction of the 1996 Hong Kong Certificate of Education in English - a high stakes public examination - impacted on classroom teaching and learning in Hong Kong secondary schools. The washback effect was observed initially at the larger 'macro' level, among different stakeholder groups within the Hong Kong educational context; and also at the more local 'micro' level, in terms of teachers' attitudes, teaching content and classroom interactions. This study: provides a theoretical background to the washback concept, discusses the need for empirical investigation of washback, describes the use of a mixed methodology approach in washback research, offers insights into the role of tests as agents of innovation and change in the classroom and broader educational context. This volume will be of particular relevance to language test developers and researchers interested in the consequential validity of tests; it will also be of interest to teachers, curriculum designers, policymakers and others in education concerned with the interface between language testing and teaching practices/programs. Book jacket.

Download or read book City Making and Urban Governance in the Americas written by Clara Irazábal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities in both North and South America are confronting tremendous challenges in urban growth and management as they enter the new century. Curitiba in Brazil and Portland in Oregon, US are cities that have achieved recognition for exemplary urban planning programmes over the past three decades. As such, they provide particularly useful illustrations of the intense development pressures that many urban areas currently face. This book explores the dynamics of their urban governance, arguing that, in general, there has been a unique synergy derived from the combination of visionary leadership, innovative urban plans and effective citizen involvement. The book argues that, while urban design and architecture are key to the success in making cities livable and in augmenting the global reputations, such sensitive, innovative urban planning and design projects first need to be governed effectively and grounded within the specifics of their local cultures and existing built environments.