Download or read book Village chicken production in the central and western highlands of Ethiopia Characteristics and strategies for improvement written by Dessie, T. and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Indigenous Chicken Production and Marketing Systems in Ethiopia written by Fisseha Moges and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Value chains for nutritious food Analysis of the egg value chain in the Tigray region of Ethiopia written by Hirvonen, Kalle and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eggs have high potential for improving nutrition outcomes in low-income countries, yet very few children in such settings consume eggs on a regular basis despite widespread poultry ownership. To redress this disconnect, a number of interventions have been implemented to improve household production of poultry products, as well as caregiver awareness of the nutritional benefits of eggs and other animal-sourced foods. However, very few of these interventions have tried to leverage food markets to improve nutrition, even though most rural people predominantly rely on markets for the majority of their non-staple food consumption. This study was implemented to better understand the constraints to purchasing eggs for consumption by young children in rural Ethiopia, with a view to informing the design of marketoriented interventions that might cost-effectively increase children’s egg consumption. To do so we analyzed secondary datasets on poultry ownership, household and child egg consumption, and retail egg prices to understand egg markets and the egg value chain in Tigray. Similar to other contexts in sub-Saharan Africa, we find that two-thirds of households own poultry, though only onequarter of young children consumed eggs in the past 24 hours. Although markets in Tigray are well integrated – likely because of the important role of egg aggregators – egg prices remain high. A modest consumption level of 2.5 eggs per person per week would cost around 10 percent of the total budget of households in the poorest quintile of households, even though eggs are more affordable than other animal-sourced foods. We find that egg consumption among young children is not constrained by fasting associated with Orthodox Christianity. High prices are likely the main constraint and are a function of low levels of intensification in egg production, which is dominated by backyard poultry systems characterized by high mortality rates and low productivity.

Download or read book Village Chicken Production Systems in Rural Africa written by Aichi J. Kitalyi and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The poultry production systems of Africa are mainly based on the scavenging indigenous chickens found in virtually all villages and households in rural Africa. These systems are characterized by low output per bird. Nevertheless, over 70 percent of the poultry products and 20 percent of animal protein intake in most African countries come from this sector. Therefore, increased rural poultry production would result in a positive impact on household food security both in increased dietary intake and in income generation. ... This study coincided with the World Food Summit, held at FAO, Rome, from 13 to 17 November 1996, where delegations committed their governments and civil society to a global attack on food insecurity and poverty. Poultry, like other short-cycle animal stock, is viewed by the FAO Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) as a crucial element in the struggle for sustained food production and poverty alleviation. The guidelines provided in this study are particularly pertinent to those countries participating in the SPFS where village chicken production will have a substantial impact on increased household food security and gender equity."--Foreword.

Download or read book Improving Village Chicken Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Australia has supported the implementation of effective village chicken production programs in Asia, Africa and Latin America, including several research projects funded by ACIAR. This investment in research and development, always in collaboration with producers, traders and other stakeholders, has been shown to increase poultry numbers, household purchasing power, home consumption of chicken products (resulting in improved nutrition for families) and the decision-making power of women. This manual is focused on developing countries. It describes husbandry practices and biosecurity measures for village chickens that can be implemented using locally available resources. These measures will lead to both increased productivity and improved protection from disease in village chicken systems. Village chicken improvement programs have the potential to contribute to each of the Millennium Development Goals and to do so for the most vulnerable families in developing countries.

Download or read book Indigenous Chicken Production and Marketing Systems in Ethiopia written by Fisseha Moges and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Production Performance of the Ethiopian Indigenous Chickens written by Buli Tadese and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Veterinary medicine, language: English, abstract: Indigenous village chicken is the most prominent class of livestock in the country and constitutes about 60-80% of the total poultry population, their productivity is low because of poor nutrition and low genetic potential. The number of flock per household in most Ethiopian communities is small constituting on average of 7-10 mature chickens 20-24 adult hens, a male birds and a number of growers of varies ages. Such production system may result in slow growth and poor layers of small sized eggs. About 40-60% of the chicks hatched die during the first 8 weeks of age mainly due to disease and predators attack. About half of the eggs produced have to be hatched to replace chicken that have died and the brooding time of the laying hens is longer, with many brooding cycles required to compensate for its unsuccessful brooding. Pullets and cockerels reached sexual maturity at an average age of 6.4 months and 5.7 months, respectively. Even though the productivity of local chicken is very poor, they are very important to withstand certain harsh environmental conditions, and can perform better under poor management than cross and exotic breeds, they are also well known to possess desirable characters such as ideal mother, good sister, hatch their own eggs, excellent foragers, resistance to common poultry disease and special meat and egg quality.

Download or read book Production and Reproduction Performances and Constraints of local and exotic Layer Chicken in Ethiopia written by Tajudin Denur and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: This review is done on comparative evaluation of production and reproduction performances and constraints of local and exotic layer chicken in Ethiopia. Poultry is by far the largest group of livestock species in the world and chicken largely dominate flock composition. In Ethiopia; except chickens other poultry species production is not practicing that they are living in their natural habitat. The poultry sector in Ethiopia can be characterized into three major production systems based on some selected parameters such as breed, flock size, housing, feed, health, technology and bio-security. These are large commercial or intensive, small scale commercial or semi-intensive and free range or village back yard poultry production system. However, the majority of chicken production system in Ethiopia remains as village or back scavenging system which consist the indigenous chickens as major. In Ethiopia, poultry industry plays a significant role in the supply of human food (eggs and meat) in rural and urban area and as a source of income, especially to small holder farmers. Mean number of egg production was higher for exotic breed than local chicken ecotypes. Higher egg production and better reproductive life span is obtained from exotic chickens than local ones. Moreover, overall survival rate of exotic and crossbred chickens are found comparable to local chicken. Therefore, introducing Bovans Brown chickens having better productive and reproductive performance is important to enhance productivity. Non-genetic factors should also be considered to improve the performance of existing local chicken population. But, feed shortage, disease and other critical gaps that need to be filled by the institutions of research and development to improve the productive performance of exotic chicken breed in Ethiopia.

Download or read book Challenges and Prospects of Poultry Industry written by Abere Dagne and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-04-22 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, Bahir Dar University, course: Marketing managment, language: English, abstract: In Ethiopia poultry industry plays decisive role to improve income of peoples, especially who lives with low income. Different research on genetics, health, production, and marketing were conducted, though none have done in Bahir Dar City. Less attention has been given to identify challenges and prospects of poultry industry rather than taking one component and react on that, though poultry industry is diminishing through time without clear and research based identified problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and prospects of poultry industry in Bahir Dar city. What are the major constraints and prospects of poultry industry, what would help strengthen poultry industry, and how do poultry productions profitability look like? These were questions which the study attempts to answer with focus on Bahir Dar city poultry industry. The study was descriptive type of research and the data for the study were collected through sets of questionnaires administered to respondents, as well as interviews, with some selected producers and experts. Census sampling technique was used to select respondents and data collected was analyzed by the use of SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The study revealed that stakeholders involved in the poultry business of Bahir Dar poultry farm industry believe the industry is actually declining and they assign causes such as shortage of guaranteed land, absence of sufficient electric power, absence of genuine breed supply of chicken, lack of knowledge on poultry production, shortage of professionals in the area, government’s lack to amend land lease time policy based on the nature of poultry industry, absence of clear control mechanism of genuine breed poultry and absence of feed processer either private or/and government organization subsidies on agric inputs like feed, drugs, equipment and several other factors. On the other hand, major prospects of poultry industry in Bahir Dar city like presence of good government policy, presence of better market demand and conducive environment for poultry production were identified. It can be concluded that, if the government and producers are unable to overcome those major identified constraints and challenges of poultry industry, the existing loss of poultry industry will be aggravated and most probably poultry industry will be totally eliminated from Bahir Dar city. Finally I recommended the government to revise its land lease policy, to create access genuine breed poultry ...

Download or read book Studies on Village Poultry Production Systems in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia written by Tadelle Dessie and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sheep and Goat Production and Marketing Systems in Ethiopia written by Solomon Gizaw and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation written by Walter Leal Filho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 2838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses current thinking and presents the main issues and challenges associated with climate change in Africa. It introduces evidences from studies and projects which show how climate change adaptation is being - and may continue to be successfully implemented in African countries. Thanks to its scope and wide range of themes surrounding climate change, the ambition is that this book will be a lead publication on the topic, which may be regularly updated and hence capture further works. Climate change is a major global challenge. However, some geographical regions are more severly affected than others. One of these regions is the African continent. Due to a combination of unfavourable socio-economic and meteorological conditions, African countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change and its impacts. The recently released IPCC special report "Global Warming of 1.5o C" outlines the fact that keeping global warming by the level of 1.5o C is possible, but also suggested that an increase by 2o C could lead to crises with crops (agriculture fed by rain could drop by 50% in some African countries by 2020) and livestock production, could damage water supplies and pose an additonal threat to coastal areas. The 5th Assessment Report produced by IPCC predicts that wheat may disappear from Africa by 2080, and that maize— a staple—will fall significantly in southern Africa. Also, arid and semi-arid lands are likely to increase by up to 8%, with severe ramifications for livelihoods, poverty eradication and meeting the SDGs. Pursuing appropriate adaptation strategies is thus vital, in order to address the current and future challenges posed by a changing climate. It is against this background that the "African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation" is being published. It contains papers prepared by scholars, representatives from social movements, practitioners and members of governmental agencies, undertaking research and/or executing climate change projects in Africa, and working with communities across the African continent. Encompassing over 100 contribtions from across Africa, it is the most comprehensive publication on climate change adaptation in Africa ever produced.

Download or read book Farming Systems and Poverty written by John A. Dixon and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.

Download or read book FUTURE SMART FOOD written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication demonstrates the benefits of neglected and underutilized species, including amaranth, sorghum and cowpea, and their potential contribution to achieving Zero Hunger in South and Southeast Asia.

Download or read book Poultry sector written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poultry sector continues to grow and industrialize in many parts of the world. An increasing human population, greater purchasing power and urbanization have been strong drivers of growth. A clear division is developing between industrialized production systems of large and medium size feeding into integrated value chains, and extensive production systems supporting livelihoods and supplying local or niche markets. The primary role of the former is to supply cheap and safe food to populations often distant from the source of supply, while the latter acts as a livelihood safety net, often as part of a diverse portfolio of income sources. Understanding how poultry production systems and value chains work is essential in order to develop a country’s poultry sector sustainably. This review for Tanzania is part of a series of Livestock Country Reviews developed by FAO's Animal Production and Health Division (AGA). The reviews aim to support sustainable and effective development interventions and policy recommendations and contribute to informed decision-making and investments in the poultry sector by: (i) providing information and data about national poultry supply chains (with a special focus on poultry production); (ii) analysing strengths, weaknesses and prospects along the supply chain; and (iii) identifying opportunities for poultry sector development.

Download or read book Neglected Crops written by J. Esteban Hernández Bermejo and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1994 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About neglected crops of the American continent. Published in collaboration with the Botanical Garden of Cord�ba (Spain) as part of the Etnobot�nica92 Programme (Andalusia, 1992)

Download or read book Epidemiology of Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens in Ethiopia written by Hassen Chaka Chende and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Village chickens contribute considerably to the economy and to the nutritional requirements and livelihood of many rural farmers in developing countries across the globe. The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 into Africa during 2005/6 drew attention to the neglect of avian disease surveillance and research in countries such as Ethiopia, in which predominantly village chickens are reared. Several infectious and non-infectious diseases have limited the productivity of village chickens in Ethiopia, among which Newcastle disease (ND), caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1), is the most important. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes subclinical to severe disease depending on the virus strain. To better understand the epidemiology of the disease, a study was performed in the mid-Rift Valley area of Oromia region, Ethiopia, to estimate seroprevalence and incidence of NDV exposure, identify risk factors, evaluate market trade movements and characterize circulating NDV strains. Repeated serological surveys in live bird markets revealed that village chickens were concurrently seropositive for several important infectious diseases, particularly during the wet season. The seroprevalence of ND, Pasteurella multocida infection, Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection and infectious bursal disease virus infection were 5.9%, 66.2%, 57.7% and 91.9%, respectively, during the dry season, and 6.0%, 63.4%, 78.7% and 96.3%, respectively, during the wet season. This underlines the need for a holistic approach to control of infectious disease in village chickens, and further studies are warranted to better understand the circulating strains, their interactions and their economic effect on village poultry production. A cross-sectional study using a multistage random sampling design with repeated sampling periods was done in households, along with a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of household flocks with at least one seropositive chicken was higher during the dry season (27.4%) than during the wet season (17.4%) (P = 0.003) while the proportion of flocks in which viral genome was detected was 24.2% and 14.2 %, respectively. The prevalence of NDV genome detection in individual birds at markets varied from 4.9 % to 38.2, depending on the period of sampling and the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique employed. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for NDV seropositivity and for incidence of NDV exposure. Reduced frequency of cleaning of poultry waste, larger flock size and use of an open water source (pond or river) for poultry were associated with increased risk of NDV exposure or seropositivity, while maintaining a closed flock and the use of a grain supplement was associated with lower odds of seropositivity or a lower risk of NDV exposure. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis, based on complete F and HN gene sequencing, was done on NDV isolates obtained at markets and villages. The circulating viruses had amino acid motifs characteristic of virulent strains, indicating endemic circulation of virulent virus in village chickens which poses a threat to improvement of village chicken production and emerging small-scale commercial poultry production. The strains clustered in genotype VI, branching with viruses from subgenotype VIb that commonly affect pigeons, although clustering apart on pairwise distance analysis. The apparent poor biosecurity in village chickens and history of isolation of pigeon variant viruses from domestic chickens in Ethiopia suggest that pigeons could play a role in the epidemiology of ND in village chickens. Further surveillance and virus characterization is required to shed more light on this. Bayesian methods were used to evaluate the performance of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (a blocking and an indirect ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI), in the absence of a gold standard, for their ability to detect antibodies to NDV in chicken serum from villages and live bird markets. The blocking ELISA had the highest sensitivity (Se) of 96.3% (95% posterior credible interval (PCI): 88.1; 99.8%), and specificity (Sp) of 98.9% (95% PCI: 97.8; 99.9%), while the HI had Se of 81.6% (95% PCI: 71.8, 91.9%), and Sp of 96.1% (95% PCI: 95.1; 96.6%). The indirect ELISA also had high Se (95.2%; 95% PCI: 88.5; 99.0%) but had very low Sp (8.9%; 95% PCI: 6.4, 11.8%). There is therefore a need for evaluation of commercial kits before their wider use in village chickens under field conditions. Market trade movement patterns for live chickens were described, using social network analysis, for two different periods during the year 2010, representing high (period one) and low (period two) seasons for poultry trade. The study revealed that the networks exhibited scale-free characteristics with weak connectivity of the markets and low density of the networks. The density for the two periods was not difference (P = 0.29), although a somewhat higher number of markets and links were observed during period one than period two. The low density of the networks indicates that in the event of infectious disease outbreaks in surroundings of the respective markets, the risk of its spread to many others would likely be fairly low. Nevertheless, the close similarity of NDV isolates from distant markets in the study area suggests that markets could play a role in the spread of infectious poultry diseases. A few markets were more central in the networks, in terms of their betweenness and out-degree; these markets could be considered for targeted surveillance, while those markets with high in-degree, mainly situated in the larger urban centres, can be considered for surveillance that involves regular poultry traders.