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Book Timing and Duration of Release Treatments Affect Vegetation Development in a Young California White Fir Plantation

Download or read book Timing and Duration of Release Treatments Affect Vegetation Development in a Young California White Fir Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Vegetation Trends in a 31 year old Ponderosa Pine Plantation

Download or read book Vegetation Trends in a 31 year old Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation

Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foresters often need information on the cost effectiveness of manual and chemical release treatments for individual and combined species in young mixed-shrub communities. A study in northern Califomia evaluated five manual and chemical treatments and their effect on several shrubs and grasses. Treatments were grubbing at age 1 to 2- and 4 ft (0.6- and 1.2-m) radii, regrubbing and expanding the 2-ft radii to 4 ft, regrubbing and expanding the 4-ft radii to 6 A (1.8 m) at age 4, and applying Velpar herbicide to the entire plot at age 2. Five years after initial manual release and 4 years after chemical release, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) stem caliper at 12 in. (30 cm) above mean ground line differed significantly between Velpar and the untreated control, 2-ft radius, 4-ft radius, and 2-ft radius expanded to 4 ft. Expanding the radius from 4 to 6 feet provided a pine stem caliper that differed significantly from that in the control, and the 2-ft and 4-ft radii treatments. Additional analyses with ponderosa pine seedling height also indicated significant differences among treatmenu that were generally similar to those above. Differences among the six treatments, which are presented in 15 comparisons of stem caliper and treatment production rates, provide forest managers with growth and cost comparisons, and should aid them in selecting the release treatment best suited to their particular situation.

Book Development of Vegetation in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation

Download or read book Development of Vegetation in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The density and development of deerbrush (Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.), other shrubs, forbs, graminoids, and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings were evaluated in a young plantation in northern California from 1988 through 1997. Treatment regimes consisted of manual release (grubbing) over 3 to 6 years and resulted in vegetation recovery times of 4 to 10 years. Revegetation was remarkably diverse, rapid, and vigorous. At the end of the study, the dominant shrub, deerbrush, had significantly lower average density and foliar cover relative to the control when treated either the first 3 years or the second 3 years, but average height was similar regardless of treatment. Average density of the 11 other shrubs was statistically higher in the control relative to other treatments, but cover and height did not differ. Density, foliar cover, and height of the forbs and graminoids did not differ among treatments at the end of the study. In the control, deerbrush plants numbered 6,100 per acre; other shrubs, 2,550 per acre; forbs, 27,300 per acre; and graminoids, 5,800 plants per acre in 1997. Foliar cover of deerbrush at 22,700 ft2 per acre was more than five times that of all other naturally established species combined and slightly exceeded that of pine seedlings in all treatments.

Book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations

Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the majority of available resources and lowering pine survival and growth. Competition thresholds or "how much is too much?" are: for treatments where a cleared radius is prescribed, no weeds are acceptable within the space needed for maximum growth of pine seedlings during the establishment period; for treatments involving the entire area, crown cover values of 10 to 30 percent seem to be the level beyond which shrub competition significantly affects pine growth. Methods for preparing the site, which include mechanical and chemical methods, use of fire, and combinations of treatments, show the interaction of site and ensuing vegetation. Techniques for controlling competing vegetation from seed include preventing such plants from getting started by use of preemergent herbicides or mats (collars). To prevent sprouting, hardwood trees and large shrubs can be pushed over, thereby getting the root crown out of the ground, or if still in the soil, grinding it out with a machine. Once present, the effect of weeds from seed can be minimized by grubbing or spraying when young, by grazing plants with cattle or sheep, or by introducing plants of low competitive ability. Once sprouting weeds are present, their effect can be minimized by spraying with chemicals, or if palatable, by grazing with cattle or sheep. Costs range from as low as $10 per acre ($25/ha) for aerially applying herbicides to $711 per acre ($1757/ha) for grinding out tanoak stumps.

Book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation

Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Gary O. Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Proceedings National Silvicultural Workshop

Download or read book Proceedings National Silvicultural Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silviculture, as an integrative discipline, must combine management skills with scientific and technical knowledge in the management of forests and woodlands. While traditionally, silviculturists worked in fine resolution landscapes, today's practitioner must look at encompassing both larger geographic areas (adjacent stands, watersheds, regions, subregions) and wider objectives (trees as well as wildlife, commodities, recreation, sustainability, biological diversity, air quality, and ecosystem resilience). The 12 papers in this proceedings explore the past, present, and desired future of silviculture's role and practice. Examination of disturbance ecology in ecosystem management includes natural and induced disturbances, and management options. Discussion of desired future conditions includes the importance of understanding the connection between ecological values and social values, as well as historic reference conditions as they relate to creating forest plans. A section on inventory, monitoring, and adaptive management looks at multiresource and multiscale data assessments and temporal continuity; included are design alternatives and a discussion of how to adapt silvicultural prescriptions. Case studies throughout the proceedings help the reader understand the practical applications, the successes, and the need for further work.