Download or read book Variation in German written by Stephen Barbour and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990-05-10 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the interrelations between language and society in the German-speaking countries. The questions 'what is German and who speaks it?' and 'how does the language vary dependent on social, political and geographical factors?' are addressed and placed in their historical context. This is a comprehensive account of major topics in the contemporary study of German sociolinguistics, and topics covered include the history and development of the German language, German as a minority language, minority languages in German-speaking countries, traditional dialects, variation in contemporary colloquial speech, the influence of English on German, and German in East and West. It draws together much otherwise inaccessible material from a great range of sources. The authors also assess critically research work carried out in German-speaking countries.
Download or read book Syntactic Variation and Verb Second written by Federica Cognola and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph investigates the syntax of the finite verb in Máocheno, a minority language spoken in a German speech island of Northern Italy. Basing her study on detailed new data collected during extensive fieldwork, and focusing on finite verb movement; on multiple access to the left periphery; on pro licensing mechanism and on the distribution of OV/VO word orders, the author refutes the traditional view that the syntactic variation found in Máocheno is due to the presence of two competing grammars as a consequence of contact with Romance varieties and accounts for the peculiarities of Máocheno syntax within a theory couched in the framework of Generative Grammar. This book contributes to our understanding of the verb-second phenomenon and sheds new light on the asymmetries between Old Romance and Germanic verb-second languages. A useful tool for all linguists working on both theoretical and comparative syntax and to anyone interested in language variation, dialectology and typology.
Download or read book The German Language in Switzerland written by Felicity J. Rash and published by Peter Lang Limited, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad survey of issues relating to the German language in Switzerland. The initial focus is on the German-speaking community's relationship with the French, Italian and Romansh language communities. Consideration is then given to the complex issue of diglossia within the germanophone Swiss community, and the maintenance of both the Swiss German dialects and the Swiss German standard language as co-existent codes of equal status. The Swiss German dialects, the Swiss variety of standard German, and the influence of various foreign languages on both of these language forms are described in some detail. Finally, sociolinguistic issues affecting the German language in Switzerland are considered: the connection between social variation and linguistic change; language variation stemming from differences of age, sex and ethnic origin; and linguistic behaviour and phatic communication.
Download or read book Patterns of variation in the participle formation of English loan verbs in German written by Roman Büttner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-05-27 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Marburg (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: In the last decades, modern English has evolved into one of the dominant world languages of science and technology, sports and pop culture. In that it also has a growing influence on other languages such as German. Recent linguistic research has not yet been able to come up with the actual percentage of anglicisms in modern German. Linguists like Zifonun and Kirkness do however estimate that 11-40 % of all neologisms that enter the German language are of English origin. The biggest word class among these are nouns because their morphosyntactic integration into the target language does not pose too great a problem for speakers of German. This is different with verbs: their morphological structure is more complicated than that of nouns due to their wider system of inflectional paradigms. In comparison to German, English syntax is much stricter which results in different syntactic treatments of verbs in both languages. Besides, nowadays the only productive class among these consists of the regular weak verbs. All new loans are incorporated into this class and must therefore rigorously follow its inflectional paradigms. In that, the integration of verbal anglicisms into German is different from the integration of nouns which provides a fruitful area of linguistic research. After all, they account for 10-20 % of all anglicisms, as linguist Stephanie Bohmann is said to have found out. The aim of this term paper is to take a look at variation in the formation of the past participle (“Partizip II”) of English verbs in German. For that purpose I will start with an introduction to previous research in that specific field, answering the general question how the past participle is formed in German and where problems may occur with verbal anglicisms. In a next step I will present the empirical study I conducted and the results collected from it in order to get a deeper insight into morphosyntactic variation in the process of word integration.
Download or read book Contrastive Register Variation written by Stella Neumann and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides the first comparison of usage preferences across registers in the language pair English-German. Due to the innovative quantitative approach and broad coverage, the volume is an excellent resource for scholars working in contrastive linguistics and translation studies as well as for corpus linguists.
Download or read book Choice Rationality and Social Theory RLE Social Theory written by Barry Hindess and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice, Rationality and Social Theory is a powerful rebuttal of the remarkably influential theories underlying 'rational choice analysis'. Rational choice analysis maintains that social life is principally to be explained as the outcome of rational choices on the part of individual actors. Adherents of this view include not only philosophers, political scientists and sociologists, but also prominent politicians in Western governments – notably of the United Kingdom and the United States. Rational choice analysis is said to be rigorous, capable of great technical sophistication, and able to generate powerful explanations on the basis of a few, relatively simple theoretical assumptions. Barry Hindess argues that the theory is seriously deficient, first, because there are important actors in the modern world other than human individuals, and second, because it says nothing about those processes of deliberation that play an important part in actors' decisions. The use of highly questionable assumptions about actors and their rationality has the effect of closing off important areas of intellectual inquiry and ignoring the reality of certain forms of thought and the social conditions on which they depend. These points are established through detailed examination of the concepts of the actor and of rationality – providing an overall argument that constitutes a serious challenge to any adherent of rational choice analysis.
Download or read book Word Order Variation and Gapping in German written by Tamar Forman-Gejrot and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intra individual Variation in Language written by Alexander Werth and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers several empirical, methodological, and theoretical approaches to the study of observable variation within individuals on various linguistic levels. With a focus on German varieties, the chapters provide answers on the following questions (inter alia): Which linguistic and extra-linguistic factors explain intra-individual variation? Is there observable intra-individual variation that cannot be explained by linguistic and extra-linguistic factors? Can group-level results be generalised to individual language usage and vice versa? Is intra-individual variation indicative of actual patterns of language change? How can intra-individual variation be examined in historical data? Consequently, the various theoretical, methodological and empirical approaches in this volume offer a better understanding of the meaning of intra-individual variation for patterns of language development, language variation and change. The inter- and transdisciplinary nature of the volume is an exciting new frontier, and the results of the studies in this book provide a wealth of new findings as well as challenges to some of the existing findings and assumptions regarding the nature of intra-individual variation.
Download or read book Dialectal Variation in German 3 verb Clusters Looking for the Best Analysis written by Ralf Vogel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Explaining Russian German code mixing written by Nikolay Hakimov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of grammatical variation in language mixing has been at the core of research into bilingual language practices. Although various motivations have been proposed in the literature to account for possible mixing patterns, some of them are either controversial, or remain untested. Little is still known about whether and how frequency of use of linguistic elements can contribute to the patterning of bilingual talk. This book is the first to systematically explore the factor usage frequency in a corpus of bilingual speech. The two aims are (i) to describe and analyze the variation in mixing patterns in the speech of Russia German adolescents and young adults in Germany, and (ii) to propose and test usage-based explanations of variation in mixing patterns in three morphosyntactic contexts: the adjective-modified noun phrase, the prepositional phrase, and the plural marking of German noun insertions in bilingual sentences. In these contexts, German noun insertions combine with either Russian or German words and grammatical markers, thus yielding mixed bilingual and German monolingual constituents in otherwise Russian sentences, the latter also labelled as embedded-language islands. The results suggest that the frequency with which words are used together mediates the distribution of mixing patterns in each of the examined contexts. The differing impacts of co-occurrence frequency are attributed to the distributional and semantic specifics of the analyzed morphosyntactic configurations. Lexical frequency has been found to be another important determinant in this variation. Other factors include recency, or lexical priming, in discourse in the case of prepositional phrases, and phonological and structural similarities and differences in the inflectional systems of the contact languages in the case of plural marking.
Download or read book Information Structure and Language Change written by Roland Hinterhölzl and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume presents new approaches to explaining word order variation and change in the Germanic languages and thus relates to one of the most prominent and widely discussed topics in the theory of language change and diachronic syntax. The novelty of our approach consists in three main points. First of all, we aim at describing functional variety in the field of word order and verb placement in the early Germanic languages not as a result of language contact, but rather as a language-internal phenomenon related to stylistic and grammatical conditions in information packaging. Second, given that information structure is not directly accessible in texts from historical corpora that are available only in written form and bear no or little information on prosody and intonation, it presents various methods of retrieving information-structural categories in such texts. Third, it presents empirical studies on the relation between word order and information structure of the four main texts of the Old High German period and embeds these results in the wider picture of word order change in Germanic. The volume will be of interest to students of German, English, and general linguistics as well as to researchers interested in diachronic syntax, philology of Older German, language change, information structure, discourse semantics, language typology, computational linguistics, and corpus studies.
Download or read book Describing and Modeling Variation in Grammar written by Andreas Dufter and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the volume is to bridge the 'cultural gap' between sociolinguistics and theoretical linguistics in the study of variation. The various contributions seek to combine corpus-based and competence-based approaches. They document the plurality
Download or read book Variation in Spoken Standard German an Extensive Speech Data Collection in the German Speaking Area of Europe written by Nina Berend and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The German Language in a Changing Europe written by Michael G. Clyne and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-11-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent sociopolitical events have profoundly changed the status and functions of German and influenced its usage. In this study (published by Cambridge in 1984) Michael Clyne revises and expands his original analysis of the German language in Language and Society in the German-speaking Countries in the light of such changes as the end of the Cold War, German unification, the redrawing of the map of Europe, increasing European integration, and the changing self-images of Austria, Switzerland and Luxembourg. His discussion includes the differences in the form, function and status of the various national varieties of German; the relation between standard and non-standard varieties; gender, generational and political variation; Anglo-American influence on German; and the convergence of east and west. The result is a wide-ranging exploration of language and society in the German-speaking countries, all of which have problems or dilemmas concerning nationhood or ethnicity which are language-related and/or language-marked.
Download or read book Language Variation European Perspectives IV written by Peter Auer and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eighteen contributions in this volume are based on papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 6), which was held at the University of Freiburg, Germany, from June 29 to July 1, 2011. The volume includes plenaries by Sjef Barbiers (‘Where is syntactic variation?’) and Arnulf Deppermann/ Stefan Kleiner & Ralf Knöbl (‘Standard usage’: Towards a realistic conception of spoken standard German). In addition, the editors have selected 16 papers ranging over a wide field of languages/varieties and topics. The languages and varieties covered are Belarusian, British English, Catalan, Dutch, Gaelic, Gallo-Italic, Greek, Italian, Occitan, Rhaeto-Romance, Russian, Scottish English, Swedish, Turkish, and several varieties of German. The majority of the papers deal with phonetic and phonological variation (Caro Reina; Deppermann, Kleiner and Knöbl; Katerbow; Moosmüller and Scheutz; Schützler; Schleef; West; Zeller; Ziegler), but morphological variation (Cornips and Hulk; Dal Negro), morphosyntactic variation (Melissaropoulou, Themistocleous, Tsiplakou and Tsolakidis), and syntactic variation (Barbiers; Håkansson; Rothmayr) are also represented. Additional papers deal with code-switching.
Download or read book The German Language written by Jean Boase-Beier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The German Language introduces students of German to a linguistic way of looking at the language. Written from a Chomksyan perspective, this volume covers the basic structural components of the German language: syntax, morphology, phonetics, phonology, and the lexicon. Explores the linguistic structure of German from current theoretical perspectives. Written from a Chomksyan perspective, this volume covers the basic structural components of the German language: syntax, morphology, phonetics, phonology, and the lexicon. Serves as a valuable resource for students of German language and literature and for linguists with little or no background in the language. Includes exercises, definitions of key terms, and suggestions for further reading.
Download or read book German in Austria written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
