Download or read book Variable Stiffness Prosthetic Leg for Transtibial Amputees written by Ian D. Hardey and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and Evaluation of a Quasi passive Variable Stiffness Ankle foot Prosthesis to Improve Biomechanics Across Walking Speeds written by Emily Rogers-Bradley and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently there are an estimated 875,000 people with major lower limb loss in the United States, with numbers projected to increase 1.6-fold by 2050 due to increasing prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and related dysvascular conditions [1]. Lower limb amputation often leads to secondary conditions such as knee pain, knee osteoarthritis, osteopenia, back pain, postural changes, and general deconditioning [2]. For people with transtibial (below-knee) amputation, prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the contralateral limb is 17x higher than in the general population, with 27% of people with unilateral amputation developing knee osteoarthritis [3]. This large increase in incidence is likely due to insufficient push-off power from the prosthesis and increased limb loading on the contralateral side [4]. This thesis presents an ankle-foot prosthesis which increases energy storage and return, increases peak power, and decreases contralateral limb loading in a low-mass, quasi-passive device. This is achieved by automatically adjusting prosthesis stiffness to maximize energy storage across walking speeds. A novel quasi-passive variable stiffness ankle-foot prosthesis is presented with high resolution stiffness adjustment from 352 - 479 Nm/radian, corresponding to biological ankle quasi-stiffness during level ground walking from 0.75 - 1.5 m/s for a 50th percentile male. This thesis presents the development of a novel mechanism for varying bending stiffness of leaf springs which utilizes independently controlled lockable linear actuators which constrain relative sliding of parallel leaf springs relative to a mechanical ground to control bending stiffness. The detailed device design and analysis of the variable stiffness ankle-foot prosthesis is described, including a parametric model for approximating device stiffness, contact stress analysis, fatigue life calculations, and bolted joint analysis. The benchtop testing results demonstrate that the device successfully achieves the targeted stiffness range, device mass, and structural integrity. A study was conducted with 7 participants with unilateral transtibial amputation in order to evaluate the kinetic and kinematic effects of the variable stiffness prosthesis during walking compared to a passive energy storage and return foot. During the experiment, subjects walked on an instrumented treadmill at the speeds of 0.75 m/s, 1.0 m/s, 1.25 m/s, and 1.5 m/s while force and motion data was recorded. This thesis presents results from the clinical study which demonstrate a 15.5 - 19.3% greater peak ankle angle during walking across all speeds with the variable stiffness ankle compared to a passive control, 5.4 - 14.8% greater peak joint power, 10.5 - 23.7% greater energy return, and a 4.0 - 6.7% lower contralateral limb knee external adduction moment across walking speeds. This thesis presents the first of its architecture variable stiffness ankle-foot prosthesis utilizing a novel locking parallel leaf spring mechanism for stiffness control. The prosthesis has a lower device mass compared to existing powered and quasi-passive devices, and increases biomimetic functionality beyond standard passive prostheses. This thesis presents significant clinical results demonstrating the benefits of such a device on the biomechanics and energetics of people with transtibial amputation while walking. This device has the potential to improve health outcomes in people with transtibial amputation by normalizing biomechanics and increasing energy storage and return, and decreasing contralateral limb loading and unwanted knee external adduction moment. This prosthesis has the potential to expand access to high performance prosthesis technology by creating a device that is low mass, low power, and lower cost compared to fully powered devices.
Download or read book The Effect of Prosthetic Foot Component Stiffness on Initiation and Termination of Transtibial Amputee Gait written by Travis J. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: \Lower limb loss is an increasingly common clinical problem in our society. Along with the loss of limb, amputees must also learn to use their new prosthetic device for their daily activities. The ideal stiffness characteristics of prosthetic feet for different functional activities may vary depending on each activity. Therefore the prescribed foot must be a compromise of multiple ideals out of functional necessity. Quantification of gait and stability characteristics is necessary to provide vital information into the design and prescription of future prosthetics to align with prosthetic users' needs and activity profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of varying component stiffness of the prosthetic foot on locomotion and stability measures during gait initiation and termination. It was hypothesized that the leading sound condition would display greater excursions than the leading prosthetic condition for both mediolateral and anteroposterior excursions of the center of mass and center of pressure. It was also hypothesized that there would be differences between compliant and stiff heel components in each excursion measure. Six male unilateral transtibial amputees participated in this study (41 ± 13.7 years, 1.82 ± 0.06 m, and 85.8 ± 15.5 kg). Subjects completed gait initiation and termination trials while force plates recorded ground reaction forces and motion capture was used to measure body kinematics. Center of mass (COM) and center of pressure (COP) measures were derived from the data gathered. The originally captured data were filtered to obtain a clear signal to noise ratio. Specific gait events from the analysis provided consistent intervals to measure center of mass and center of pressure excursions in the two gait activities studied. Results indicated that leading with the sound limb during initiation and termination increased the COM excursion in the anteroposterior direction. A lack of significant results in the COP and all M/L directions between leading foot conditions indicates there are multiple strategies to achieve initiation and termination. A reliance on the sound limb agrees with previous studies, and appears to be functionally necessary to transtibial amputee gait. However, prosthetic foot stiffness levels have varied effects and should be taken into account for the design and prescription of future prosthetic feet.
Download or read book Biomechanics of Lower Limb Prosthetics written by Mark R. Pitkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-14 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreword from a Clinical Biomechanist, Applied Physiologist and Prosthetist teaching graduate students in Prosthetics & Orthotics. While there are many books on Biomechanics, arguably the quintessential science of limb prosthetics, none addresses the fundamental principles in sufficient detail and depth to be practically useful to the prosthetist, rehabilitation specialist or researcher. Dr. Pitkin’s monograph is an exemplary collection of theoretical principles from his research and o- ers, presented in its clinical and applied biomechanics form. The textbook provides an excellent overview of the many facets of lower limb prosthetic design and engineering for the ardent clinician researcher and student. The book delves into many of the basic concepts that are required knowledge for the clinician and the scientist to have as the foundation for their work. Dr. Pitkin has an e- quent manner in which he reflects on the history and literature to tell the storied evolution of prosthetic design . He takes the reader on a journey to consider his theories, which have substantive foundations to contemplate. By the end of chapter one, we have the basic h- tory and an appreciation for the rationale behind the “rolling joint ankle” with evidence to support his theoretical views.
Download or read book Lower limb Prosthetics written by Norman Berger and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and Testing of a Variable Stiffness Transverse Plane Adaptor for Use in a Lower Limb Prosthesis written by Corey Pew and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of a lower limb prosthesis is to restore the abilities of the intact limb for an amputee. Daily ambulation includes many maneuvers such as turning, pivoting, and uncertain terrain, all of which require a component of transverse plane mobility. It has been shown that the addition of a transverse plane adaptor can help to decrease soft tissue damage, increase mobility, and help reduce the risk of falls in amputees. However, currently available transverse plane adaptors only allow for a single stiffness setting and do not allow for variation to accommodate the maneuvers of everyday ambulation. The aim of this research was to design, build, and test a prototype lower limb prosthetic adaptor that is capable of variable stiffness in the transverse plane. The device will be used to better understand the role transverse stiffness plays in varying daily ambulation activities such as walking and turning. A variable stiffness torsion device (VSTA) was designed, and built and is capable of controlling stiffness in the transverse plane of a lower limb prosthesis. Design criteria were established to determine structural and functional requirements for the VSTA. A custom spring was designed with a rate of 0.33 Nm/?? allowing for VSTA settings between 0.10-1.17 Nm/°, and includes a locked infinitely stiff setting. Refinement of the design was then conducted using a mathematical model, finite element analysis (FEA), and analysis of VSTA kinematics. Following design completion, a prototype was built and tested. boldMechanical Testing Mechanical bench testing was performed to determine the physical capabilities of the VSTA. The VSTA is actually capable of infinite stiffness variation between 0.12-0.91 Nm/°. Initial designs accounted for the internal spring to be capable of 90° of deflection which would have allowed for infinite stiffness variation between the minimum and infinitely stiff, however, internal spring stresses limited spring deflection to 57°, resulting in the limited range of the VSTA. The bench testing showed that the VSTA as designed and manufactured would be suitable for human subjects testing. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, provided by the motor manufacturer, was used to control step inputs of the spring carrier to adjust the stiffness of the VSTA. The controller, using a 16 volt supply, could accurately perform step inputs, but could not meet rate of performance design goals. When supply voltage was brought up to the ideal 24 volts the controller was able to meet the rate goals of the VSTA, however, over power faults occurred resulting in incomplete step controls. Use of a different control module that would allow for the full 24 volt supply to the motor and with consideration of the reduced functional range of the VSTA it is estimated that the controller would meet all design goals. Structurally the VSTA needs to be improved beyond the factor of safety of one to provide a more robust solution. Mechanical improvements include increasing VSTA ability to apply and sustain higher stiffness settings without being limited by overstress of the spring. It would also be beneficial to test the VSTA for use as an active stiffness generator, modulating stiffness while under load. Additionally, the controller could be developed to better optimize the gains, and possibly increase speed and performance of the system. Lastly, human subjects testing should be conducted to better evaluate the VSTA's ability to function in a real setting, as well as to better understand the role of transverse plane stiffness during ambulation.
Download or read book Development and Validation of a Novel Framework for Designing and Optimizing Passive Prosthetic Feet Using Lower Leg Trajectory written by Kathryn M. Olesnavage and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a novel framework to optimize the design of passive prosthetic feet to best replicate physiological lower leg trajectory under typical ground reaction forces. The goal of developing this framework is ultimately to design a low cost, mass manufacturable prosthetic foot for persons with amputations living in the developing world. Despite a vast body of literature on prosthetic foot design, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding how the mechanical characteristics of passive prosthetic feet affect their biomechanical performance. Without understanding this relationship, the design of a prosthetic foot cannot be optimized for peak performance as measured by gait symmetry, metabolic cost of walking, or subjective feedback. The approach to designing prosthetic feet introduced here involves predicting the lower leg trajectory for a given prosthetic foot under typical loading and comparing this modeled trajectory to target physiological gait kinematics with a novel metric called the Lower Leg Trajectory Error (LLTE). The usefulness of this design approach was demonstrated by optimizing three simple conceptual models of prosthetic feet, each with two degrees of freedom. An experimental prosthetic foot with variable ankle stiffness was built based on one of these analytical models and tested by a subject with unilateral transtibial amputation in a gait lab under five different ankle stiffness conditions. Across five prosthetic-side steps with each of the five ankle stiffness conditions, the constitutive model used in the optimization process accurately predicted the horizontal and vertical position of the knee throughout stance phase to within an average of 1.0 cm and 0.3 cm, respectively, and the orientation of the lower leg segment to within 1.5°. After validating the theory behind this approach with the simple conceptual foot models, a method was developed to implement the same approach in optimizing the shape and size of a single-part compliant foot, resulting in a lightweight, easy to manufacture, low cost prosthetic foot. The optimal prosthetic foot design was built and tested qualitatively on six subjects in India with unilateral transtibial amputations with promising preliminary results..
Download or read book Clinical Aspects of Lower Extremity Prosthetics written by Donald Weber and published by Oakville, Ont. : Elgan Enterprises, c1988 (1991 printing). This book was released on 1991 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tuning Prosthetic Foot Stiffness to Improve Lower limb Amputee Mobility written by Courtney Elyse Shell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foot, ankle and surrounding musculature play key roles in walking and maneuvering. They provide not only body support but also forward propulsion, terrain adaptation, and contributions to mediolateral balance control. Prosthetic feet have previously been designed to provide body support and, to some degree, forward propulsion and sagittal-plane terrain adaptation. However, there has been little exploration of how prosthesis design affects performance in tasks that challenge mediolateral balance, such as turning and walking on cross-slopes. In Chapter 2, the effects of prosthetic foot stiffness on unilateral transtibial amputee gait during turning were explored. Changes found in sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics caused by more compliant prostheses were similar to those seen previously in studies of straight-line walking. This included decreased body support, increased residual limb propulsion and greater limb flexion. Mediolateral balance, measured by peak-to-peak range of whole-body angular momentum, improved with decreasing stiffness, but adaptations in coronal-plane angles, work and ground reaction force impulses were less systematic. In Chapter 3, forward dynamics simulations of a unilateral transtibial amputee stepping on a cross-slope were used to identify optimal coronal-plane stiffness profiles that improved balance control by decreasing changes in coronal-plane whole-body angular momentum. Profiles that decreased these changes were identified for ankle-inverting and ankle-everting cross-slopes as well as level ground. The change in coronal-plane whole-body angular momentum decreased with an increase in stiffness for ankle-everting cross-slopes but with a decrease in stiffness for ankle-inverting cross-slopes and level ground. Stiffness profiles influenced mediolateral balance control through the medial GRF, but were specific to each surface type. These results highlight the need to identify the surface type encountered (level, ankle-inverting or ankle-everting cross-slope) so that the stiffness profile appropriate for the surface can be set. To that end, in Chapter 4, measurements from the residual limb useful for predicting a cross-slope with a pattern recognition algorithm were identified. Residual limb kinematics, especially measurements from the foot, shank and ankle, were found to successfully predict the surface type with high accuracy. These studies have provided rationale and foundation for designing prostheses that help maintain mediolateral balance control when encountering turning or uneven terrain.
Download or read book Atlas of Limb Prosthetics written by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and published by Amer Academy of Orthopaedic. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newly available after being out of print for several years, this is the definitive reference on the surgical and prosthetic management of acquired or congenital limb loss. Covers indications for amputation vs. limb salvage for trauma, peripheral vascular disease, and tumours; indications for prostheses for amputation levels; and rehabilitation approaches.
Download or read book Experimental Analysis and Computational Simulation of Unilateral Transtibial Amputee Walking to Evaluate Prosthetic Device Design Characteristics and Amputee Gait Mechanics written by Jessica Dawn Ventura and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over one million amputees are living in the United States with major lower limb loss (Ziegler-Graham et al. 2008). Lower limb amputation leads to the functional loss of the ankle plantar flexor muscles, which are important contributors to body support, forward propulsion, and leg swing initiation during walking (Neptune et al. 2001; Liu et al. 2006). Effective prosthetic component design is essential for successful rehabilitation of amputees to return to an active lifestyle by partially replacing the functional role of the ankle muscles. The series of experimental and computer simulation studies presented in this research showed that design characteristics of energy storage and return prosthetic ankles, specifically the elastic stiffness, significantly influence residual and intact leg ground reaction forces, knee joint moments, and muscle activity, thus affecting muscle output. These findings highlight the importance of proper prosthetic foot stiffness prescription for amputees to assure effective rehabilitation outcomes. The research also showed that the ankle muscles serve to stabilize the body during turning the center of mass. When amputees turn while supported by their prosthetic components, they rely more on gravity to redirect the center of mass than active muscle generation. This mechanism increases the risks of falling and identifies a need for prosthetic components and rehabilitation focused on increasing amputee stability during turning. A proper understanding of the effects of prosthetic components on amputee walking mechanics is critical to decreasing complications and risks that are prevalent among lower-limb amputees. The presented research is an important step towards reaching this goal.
Download or read book Orthotics and Prosthetics in Rehabilitation written by Michelle M. Lusardi and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2007 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you are a student or a clinician, if you work with patients with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments, you will find this text supplies a strong foundation in and appreciation for the field of orthotics and prosthetics that will give you the critical skills you need when working with this unique client population.
Download or read book The Promise of Assistive Technology to Enhance Activity and Work Participation written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Census Bureau has reported that 56.7 million Americans had some type of disability in 2010, which represents 18.7 percent of the civilian noninstitutionalized population included in the 2010 Survey of Income and Program Participation. The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides disability benefits through the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. As of December 2015, approximately 11 million individuals were SSDI beneficiaries, and about 8 million were SSI beneficiaries. SSA currently considers assistive devices in the nonmedical and medical areas of its program guidelines. During determinations of substantial gainful activity and income eligibility for SSI benefits, the reasonable cost of items, devices, or services applicants need to enable them to work with their impairment is subtracted from eligible earnings, even if those items or services are used for activities of daily living in addition to work. In addition, SSA considers assistive devices in its medical disability determination process and assessment of work capacity. The Promise of Assistive Technology to Enhance Activity and Work Participation provides an analysis of selected assistive products and technologies, including wheeled and seated mobility devices, upper-extremity prostheses, and products and technologies selected by the committee that pertain to hearing and to communication and speech in adults.
Download or read book Research Methods in Biomechanics 2E written by Gordon Robertson and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailing up-to-date research technologies and approaches, Research Methods in Biomechanics, Second Edition, assists both beginning and experienced researchers in developing methods for analyzing and quantifying human movement.
Download or read book Shoulder Arthroplasty E Book written by Gary M. Gartsman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-10-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a technique intensive textbook of shoulder arthroplasty detailing how to handle all relevant aspects of shoulder replacement surgery. Distinguished shoulder surgeons Gary M. Gartsman—author of the well-received Shoulder Arthroscopy—and T. Bradley Edwards provide step-by-step details for each category of shoulder arthroplasty, covering indications and contraindications, pre-operative planning and imaging, results and complications, and more. Copious color intraoperative photographs and illustrations make this book one that all shoulder surgeons need to have at hand! Presents the personal techniques of two master surgeons to give you the benefit of an authoritative approach to challenging surgeries as well as a consistent tone throughout the book. Covers pre-operative planning and surgical techniques in meticulous detail, including Glenoid Component, Reduction/Deltoid Tensioning, Humeral Surface Replacement, and Biological Glenoid Resurfacing. Emphasizes results, complications, and the important topic of post-operative orthosis and rehabilitation to provide a timely focus on outcomes, a rapidly growing trend in orthopaedic surgery. Features intraoperative photographs accompanied by line drawings for added clarification of the procedures. Organizes material in a consistent, structured format for easier use of the text as a technical reference.
Download or read book Prosthetic Designs for Restoring Human Limb Function written by William Craelius and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a thorough introduction and overview of the design and engineering of state-of-the-art prosthetics and assistive technologies. Innovations in prosthetics are increasingly made by cross-disciplinary thinking, and the author introduces the application of biomedical, mechanical, electrical, computer, and materials engineering principles to the design of artificial limbs. Coverage includes the fundamentals of biomechanics, biomechanical modeling and measurements, the basics of anatomy and physiology of limb defects, and the historical development of prosthetic design. This book stimulates the innovative thinking necessary for advancing limb restoration, and will be essential reading for students, as well as researchers, professional engineers, and prosthetists involved in the design and manufacture of artificial limbs. Learning enhanced by the exercises, including physical modeling with MATLAB and Simulink; Includes appendices with relevant equations and parameters for reference; Introduction to the design and engineering of prosthetics and assistive technologies.
Download or read book Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty written by P. Cartier and published by Elsevier Science Limited. This book was released on 1997-05-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
