Download or read book Valuing Health Risks Costs and Benefits for Environmental Decision Making written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Valuing Health Risks Costs and Benefits for Environmental Decision Making written by P. Brett Hammond and published by . This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Valuing the Environment written by Jean-Phillipe Barde and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'Pearce Report', Blueprint for a Green Economy, puts the role which monetary evaluation of environmental costs and benefit. can play firmly into the public eye. This book goes further and looks at six countries where such evaluation techniques are applied and at the obstacles to their further use. The case studies, written by leading experts in each nation, show how these methods are being taken up in the UK, Norway and Italy and the ways in which they are already extensively in use in the USA, Germany and the Netherlands. The authors also describe the obstacles to their use, the lack of knowledge of environmental economics at government level; the competition from other government priorities; the failure of environmental groups to grasp the importance of financial evaluation to their cause. But, as this book makes clear, significant advances are being made, both in the implementation of these economic techniques and, above all, in striking and yet further developments in economic thinking.
Download or read book Benefits Estimates and Environmental Decision making written by David William Pearce and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre. This book was released on 1992 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retaking Rationality written by Richard L. Revesz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a clear and non-technical manner, Retaking Rationality gives progressive groups and the public the tools they need both to understand and to engage in the debate over the economic analysis of environmental, public health, and safety regulation. Since the Reagan presidency, the most important regulations affecting every American have been required to pass a "cost-benefit" test, but most Americans-including many professionals working for progressive institutions or elected officials-do not understand how economic analysis works. The result is that industry and conservative ideologues have twisted economic analysis so that good regulations seem to fail the cost-benefit test. This book argues that the public, and progressive institutions, must take up the fight over how economic analysis is conducted, and gives them the knowledge they need to engage industry and conservatives about when and how economic analysis of regulation should be carried out.
Download or read book Environmental Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is one of several federal agencies responsible for protecting Americans against significant risks to human health and the environment. As part of that mission, EPA estimates the nature, magnitude, and likelihood of risks to human health and the environment; identifies the potential regulatory actions that will mitigate those risks and protect public health1 and the environment; and uses that information to decide on appropriate regulatory action. Uncertainties, both qualitative and quantitative, in the data and analyses on which these decisions are based enter into the process at each step. As a result, the informed identification and use of the uncertainties inherent in the process is an essential feature of environmental decision making. EPA requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convene a committee to provide guidance to its decision makers and their partners in states and localities on approaches to managing risk in different contexts when uncertainty is present. It also sought guidance on how information on uncertainty should be presented to help risk managers make sound decisions and to increase transparency in its communications with the public about those decisions. Given that its charge is not limited to human health risk assessment and includes broad questions about managing risks and decision making, in this report the committee examines the analysis of uncertainty in those other areas in addition to human health risks. Environmental Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty explains the statement of task and summarizes the findings of the committee.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis of Environmental Health Interventions written by Carla Guerriero and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cost-benefit Analysis of Environmental Health Interventions clearly articulates the core principles and fundamental methodologies underpinning the modern economic assessment of environmental intervention on human health. Taking a practical approach, the book provides a step-by-step approach to assigning a monetary value to the health benefits and disbenefits arising from interventions, using environmental information and epidemiological evidence. It summarizes environmental risk factors and explores how to interpret and understand epidemiological data using concentration-response, exposure-response or dose-response techniques, explaining the environmental interventions available for each environmental risk factor. It evaluates in detail two of the most challenging stages of Cost-Benefit Analysis in ‘discounting’ and ‘accounting for uncertainty’. Further chapters describe how to analyze and critique results, evaluate potential alternatives to Cost-Benefit Analysis, and on how to engage with stakeholders to communicate the results of Cost-Benefit Analysis. The book includes a detailed case study how to conduct a Cost-Benefit Analysis. It is supported by an online website providing solution files and detailing the design of models using Excel. Provides a clear understanding of the core theory of cost-benefit analysis in environmental health interventions Provides practical guidance using real-world case studies to motivate and expand understanding Describes the challenging ‘discounting’ and ‘accounting for uncertainty’ problems at chapter length Supported by a practical case study, online solution files, and a practical guide to the design of CBA models using Excel
Download or read book Economic Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Children written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by OECD. This book was released on 2006-02-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between environment and children’s health has been the subject of increasing interest these last ten years. For instance, many OECD Member countries are reporting asthma epidemics exacerbated by air pollution: in the United States nearly 1 in 13 school-age children (approximately 4.8 million) has asthma, and the rate is increasing more rapidly in school-age children than in any other group. The importance of this issue has resulted in a growing number of epidemiological studies aiming at better understanding and better characterising the relationship between environmental pollution and the health of children. However, in many respects, the valuation of children’s health strongly differs from the valuation of adults’ health and constitutes a real challenge for analysts as well as for decision-makers. Consequently, this book proposes an in depth analysis of the main methodological difficulties associated with estimating the social value of a reduction in risk to children. Questions such as how to elicit children’s preferences, what valuation methodology and benefit measure to choose, how to discount benefits to children’s health, and how to account for economic uncertainties in this specific context of economic valuation will be systematically examined in order to define key policy implications and to pave the way for further research.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis and the Environment written by David William Pearce and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth assessment of the most recent conceptual and methodological developments in cost-benefit analysis and the environment.
Download or read book Valuing Health for Regulatory Cost Effectiveness Analysis written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-04-28 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoting human health and safety by reducing exposures to risks and harms through regulatory interventions is among the most important responsibilities of the government. Such efforts encompass a wide array of activities in many different contexts: improving air and water quality; safeguarding the food supply; reducing the risk of injury on the job, in transportation, and from consumer products; and minimizing exposure to toxic chemicals. Estimating the magnitude of the expected health and longevity benefits and reductions in mortality, morbidity, and injury risks helps policy makers decide whether particular interventions merit the expected costs associated with achieving these benefits and inform their choices among alternative strategies. Valuing Health for Regulatory Cost-Effectiveness Analysis provides useful recommendations for how to measure health-related quality of- life impacts for diverse public health, safety, and environmental regulations. Public decision makers, regulatory analysts, scholars, and students in the field will find this an essential review text. It will become a standard reference for all government agencies and those consultants and contractors who support the work of regulatory programs.
Download or read book The Globalization of Cost Benefit Analysis in Environmental Policy written by Michael A. Livermore and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-07 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cost-benefit analysis -- the formal estimating and weighing of the costs and benefits of policy alternatives -- is a standard tool for governments in advanced economies. Through decades of research and innovation, institutions have developed in the United States, European Union, and other developed countries that examine and weigh policy alternatives as an aid to governmental decisionmaking. Lawmakers in the advanced economies have used cost-benefit analysis to evaluate core environmental and public health questions, such as urban air pollution control, water quality, and occupational safety. Yet despite its broad adoption in the industrialized world, most developing and emerging countries have not yet incorporated cost-benefit analysis into their policymaking process. Because these countries face significant limitations on financial resources and have less ability to shoulder inefficient rules, it is extremely important for their officials to determine which policies maximize net benefits for their societies. The Globalization of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Policy examines how cost-benefit analysis can help developing and emerging countries confront the next generation of environmental and public-health challenges. Analysis in the book examines the growing reach of cost-benefit analysis; presents relevant case studies where cost-benefit analysis has been incorporated in the Americas, Africa, Middle East, and Asia; and includes a discussion on the conceptual and institutional issues that must be addressed when adopting cost-benefit analysis in developing and emerging countries. In part because governments in developing and emerging countries have not extensively used cost-benefit analysis, there has been only limited research and discussion of the practice and its potential. Most work that has been done is on the domestic or regional level, and has not been widely shared or distributed within the international academic or policy community. By providing both theoretical and practical discussion of this important new tool, this book makes a valuable contribution to the fields of environmental policy, development studies, and environmental law.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis and the Environment Recent Developments written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-30 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth assessment of the most recent conceptual and methodological developments in cost-benefit analysis and the environment.
Download or read book Valuing Health for Policy written by George Tolley and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How stringent should environmental and occupational safety regulations be? How far should Medicaid support go? Should funding for research on Alzheimer's disease be increased? Should more money be spent on programs to discourage smoking? What are appropriate ways to determine damages in wrongful injury or death suits? Toward answering such questions, this volume examines various models of health valuation, including the cost-of-illness, preventive-expenditures, and quality-adjusted-life-year approaches. The authors favor a willingness-to-pay approach grounded in individual preferences.
Download or read book Environmental and Health Risk Assessment and Management written by Paolo Ricci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the legal, economical, and practical assessment and management of risky activities arising from routine, catastrophic environmental and occupational exposures to hazardous agents. It includes a discussion of aspects of US and European Union law concerning risky activities, and then develops the economic analyses that are relevant to implementing choices within a supply and demand framework. The book also discusses exposure-response and time-series models used in assessing air and water pollution, as well as probabilistic cancer models, including toxicological compartmental, pharmaco-kinetic models and epidemiological relative risks and odds ratios-based models. Statistical methods to measure agreement, correlation and discordance are also developed. The methods and criteria of decision-analysis, including several measures of value of information (VOI) conclude the expositions. This book is an excellent text for students studying risk assessment and management.
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis written by James H. Meisel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-11 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is increasingly concerned with bridging the developmental gap between the developed and developing countries. With the establishment of a number of institutions for funding the projects including the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and many other agencies, the need to develop mechanisms to assess economically viable projects is more important than ever. The Social-Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) is an important technique used in formulating, appraising, and evaluating projects. It is a facet of applied welfare economics which is increasingly being used to identify and assess public projects in both developing and developed countries. This volume presents a comprehensive view of cost-benefit analysis in its theoretical and applied dimensions. Both theory and case studies are presented. The theoretical setting for Cost-Benefit Analysis is established by the first five chapters-"Spatial General Equilibrium and Cost-Benefit Analysis," by David M. Newbery; "Optimum Growth Theory and Social Time Preference: A Computerized Mathematical Modeling Exercise to Choose a Social Discount Rate," by Sardar M. N. Islam; "A Theoretical Inquiry of the Axiomatic Consistency of Distributional Weights used in Cost-Benefit Analysis," by Giuseppe Munda; "The Output Gap: Measurement, Related Concepts, and Policy Implications," by Parameswar Nandakumar; and "A Methodological Comparison of Theoretical Approaches in Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation," by John C. Whitehead. This book will be useful as a reference text by professors and students in project appraisal classes and will be of equal value to analysts, planners, and interested general readers.
Download or read book Economic Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Children written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This OECD book proposes an in depth analysis of the main methodological difficulties associated with estimating the social value of a reduction in environmental health risks to children.
Download or read book Valuing Ecosystem Services written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-05-14 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient recycling, habitat for plants and animals, flood control, and water supply are among the many beneficial services provided by aquatic ecosystems. In making decisions about human activities, such as draining a wetland for a housing development, it is essential to consider both the value of the development and the value of the ecosystem services that could be lost. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, their value is often overlooked in environmental decision-making. This report identifies methods for assigning economic value to ecosystem servicesâ€"even intangible onesâ€"and calls for greater collaboration between ecologists and economists in such efforts.
