Download or read book Validation of the Moderate resolution Satellite Burned Area Products Across Different Biomes in South Africa written by Philemon Lehlohonolo Tsela and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass burning in southern Africa has brought significant challenges to the research society as a fundamental driver of climate and land cover changes. Burned area mapping approaches have been developed that generate large-scale low and moderate resolution products made with different satellite data. This consequently afford the remote sensing community a unique opportunity to support their potential applications in e.g., examining the impact of fire on natural resources, estimating the quantities of burned biomass and gas emissions. Generally, the satellite-derived burned area products produced with dissimilar algorithms provide mapped burned areas at different levels of accuracy, as the environmental and remote sensing factors vary both spatially and temporally. This study focused on the inter-comparison and accuracy evaluation of the 500-meter Moderate Resolution Imaging Spetroradiomter (MODIS) burned area product (MCD45A1) and the Backup MODIS burned area product (hereafter BMBAP) across the main-fire prone South African biomes using reference data independently-derived from multi-temporal 30-meter Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery distributed over six validation sites. The accuracy of the products was quantified using confusion matrices, linear regression and subpixel burned area measures. The results revealed that the highest burned area mapping accuracies were reported in the fynbos and grassland biomes by the MCD45A1 product, following the BMBAP product across the pine forest and savanna biomes, respectively. Further, the MCD45A1 product presented higher subpixel detection probabilities for the burned area fractions = 50% than the BMBAP product, which appeared more reliable in detecting burned area fractions 50% of a MODIS pixel. Finally the results demonstrated that the probability of identifying a burned area within a MODIS pixel is directly related to the proportion of the MODIS pixel burned and thus, highlights the relevance of fractional burned area during classification accuracy assessment of lower resolution remotely-sensed products using data with higher spatial resolution.

Download or read book Natural Hazard Uncertainty Assessment written by Karin Riley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainties are pervasive in natural hazards, and it is crucial to develop robust and meaningful approaches to characterize and communicate uncertainties to inform modeling efforts. In this monograph we provide a broad, cross-disciplinary overview of issues relating to uncertainties faced in natural hazard and risk assessment. We introduce some basic tenets of uncertainty analysis, discuss issues related to communication and decision support, and offer numerous examples of analyses and modeling approaches that vary by context and scope. Contributors include scientists from across the full breath of the natural hazard scientific community, from those in real-time analysis of natural hazards to those in the research community from academia and government. Key themes and highlights include: Substantial breadth and depth of analysis in terms of the types of natural hazards addressed, the disciplinary perspectives represented, and the number of studies included Targeted, application-centered analyses with a focus on development and use of modeling techniques to address various sources of uncertainty Emphasis on the impacts of climate change on natural hazard processes and outcomes Recommendations for cross-disciplinary and science transfer across natural hazard sciences This volume will be an excellent resource for those interested in the current work on uncertainty classification/quantification and will document common and emergent research themes to allow all to learn from each other and build a more connected but still diverse and ever growing community of scientists. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/reducing-uncertainty-in-hazard-prediction

Download or read book Model Assisted Survey Sampling written by Carl-Erik Särndal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-31 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now available in paperback, this book provides a comprehensive account of survey sampling theory and methodology suitable for students and researchers across a variety of disciplines. It shows how statistical modeling is a vital component of the sampling process and in the choice of estimation technique. The first textbook that systematically extends traditional sampling theory with the aid of a modern model assisted outlook. Covers classical topics as well as areas where significant new developments have taken place.

Download or read book Effect of Revisit Frequency and Availability of Cloud free Observation on Landsat Global Burned Area Mapping written by Andrea Melchiorre and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire is one of the most relevant disturbances affecting terrestrial ecosystems globally, altering vegetation, soil, water, and atmospheric composition. Fire causes a non-permanent land cover change, through the removal of vegetation, the deposition of charcoal and ashes, and the exposure of soil; the temporal persistence of these changes is highly variable, ranging from a few weeks in tropical savannas to years in boreal forests. Global burned area products have been systematically generated in the past 20 years from several coarse spatial resolution (250 m - 1 km) Earth Observation (EO) systems. These products are the main input in global biomass burning atmospheric emission inventories, and in the most recent studies on the role of fire in the global carbon cycle and vegetation dynamics. Because of the non-permanent nature of burned areas, the algorithms employed for the generation of global burned area products rely on the availability of daily or near-daily observations from coarse resolution EO systems. The high revisit frequency ensures that a sufficient number of cloud-free observations are generally available globally before burned areas disappear, with few exceptions in known locations of persistent cloud cover. The systematic generation of moderate spatial resolution (10 m - 30 m) burned area products could potentially meet the needs of a variety of fire science and applications communities, and at different scales from global (e.g., pyrogenic carbon emissions estimation) to regional scale (e.g., environmental post-fire assessment and remediation decision support). Algorithms for the generation of moderate resolution burned area maps have been recently prototyped regionally and continentally, and have the potential for global implementation. However, ,moderate resolution sensors have reduced temporal resolution (e.g., 16 days for Landsat) compared to coarse resolution sensors (e.g., ~1 day for MODIS), which could potentially lead to omission errors in ecosystems where the spectral signal associated with burning events disappears quickly, and cloud cover limits the number of valid observations. My dissertation focuses on estimating the combined effect of the impermanent nature of land cover change typical of burning events and the cloud cover, which reduces the number of valid observations available to detect burns, on global burned area mapping using Landsat data. The dissertation has three objectives. The first objective (Chapter 2) is to estimate the temporal persistence time of the signal associated with burned areas, stratified by ecosystem and land cover type, making use of the global, multiyear MODIS data record. The second objective (Chapter 3) is to evaluate the suitability of the MODIS-derived cloud mask as a proxy for Landsat 7 cloud observations. Finally, the third objective (Chapter 4) is to estimate the potential omission errors in a hypothetical global Landsat burned area product, due to the combined effect of reduced revisit frequency and cloud contamination. Chapter 2 presents a global analysis of the burned area persistence time defined as the duration of the spectral separability of the burned / unburned areas mapped by the MODIS Global Burned Area Product (MCD64). The separability was computed by analyzing time series of normalized burn ratio (NBR) from nadir BRDF-adjusted MODIS reflectances (MCD43). Results showed that, globally, the median burned area persistence time was estimated as 29 days and 86.6% of the global area, as detected by MODIS, can be detected accurately only for up to 48 days. Furthermore, the results indicated that early and late fires had a shorter persistence time compared to fires burning in the central portion of the fire season. The results, therefore, indicate that the persistence time can be a limiting factor for mapping burned areas using moderate resolution satellite sensors, which have a low temporal resolution (e.g. Landsat 16 days, Sentinel 2A and 2B 10 days each, 5 days when used in combination). Chapter 3 presents a comparison of Landsat and MODIS cloud data. Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image cloud fractions over land were compared with collocated MODIS cloud fractions, generated by combining the MODIS-Terra global daily cloud mask product (MOD35) with the Landsat 7 ETM+ image footprints and acquisition calendar. The results showed high correlation between the MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ cloud fractions (R2 = 0.83), negligible bias (median difference:

Download or read book The Earth Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wildland Fire Management Handbook for Sub Sahara Africa written by Johann Georg Goldammer and published by African Minds. This book was released on 2004 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa is a fire continent. Since the early evolution of humanity, fire has been harnessed as a land-use tool. Many ecosystems of Sub-Sahara Africa that have been shaped by fire over millennia provide a high carrying capacity for human populations.

Download or read book First Order Fire Effects Model written by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildfire. FOFEM computes duff and woody fuel consumption, smoke production, and fire-caused tree mortality for most forest and rangeland types in the United States. The model is available as a computer program for PC or Data General computer.

Download or read book Google Earth Engine Applications written by Lalit Kumar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a rapidly changing world, there is an ever-increasing need to monitor the Earth’s resources and manage it sustainably for future generations. Earth observation from satellites is critical to provide information required for informed and timely decision making in this regard. Satellite-based earth observation has advanced rapidly over the last 50 years, and there is a plethora of satellite sensors imaging the Earth at finer spatial and spectral resolutions as well as high temporal resolutions. The amount of data available for any single location on the Earth is now at the petabyte-scale. An ever-increasing capacity and computing power is needed to handle such large datasets. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a cloud-based computing platform that was established by Google to support such data processing. This facility allows for the storage, processing and analysis of spatial data using centralized high-power computing resources, allowing scientists, researchers, hobbyists and anyone else interested in such fields to mine this data and understand the changes occurring on the Earth’s surface. This book presents research that applies the Google Earth Engine in mining, storing, retrieving and processing spatial data for a variety of applications that include vegetation monitoring, cropland mapping, ecosystem assessment, and gross primary productivity, among others. Datasets used range from coarse spatial resolution data, such as MODIS, to medium resolution datasets (Worldview -2), and the studies cover the entire globe at varying spatial and temporal scales.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Large Wildfires written by Emilio Chuvieco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a systematic review of the different applications for remote sensing and geographical information system techniques in research and management of forest fires. The authors have been involved in this field of research for several years. The book also benefits from data generated within the Megafires project, founded under the DG-XII of the European Union. A clear integration of research and experience is provided. New data gathered from fires affecting European countries between 1991 and 1997 are included as well as satellite images and auxiliary cartographic information. Geographic Information System files have been included in the attached CD-ROM depicting land cover, elevation, Koeppen classification climates and NOAA-AVHRR data of all European Mediterranean Europe at 1 sq km resolution. All these files are in Idrisi format and can be easily accessed from any GIS program. An Idrisi viewer has also been included in the CD-ROM.

Download or read book Remote Sensing Time Series written by Claudia Kuenzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises an outstanding variety of chapters on Earth Observation based time series analyses, undertaken to reveal past and current land surface dynamics for large areas. What exactly are time series of Earth Observation data? Which sensors are available to generate real time series? How can they be processed to reveal their valuable hidden information? Which challenges are encountered on the way and which pre-processing is needed? And last but not least: which processes can be observed? How are large regions of our planet changing over time and which dynamics and trends are visible? These and many other questions are answered within this book “Remote Sensing Time Series Analyses – Revealing Land Surface Dynamics”. Internationally renowned experts from Europe, the USA and China present their exciting findings based on the exploitation of satellite data archives from well-known sensors such as AVHRR, MODIS, Landsat, ENVISAT, ERS and METOP amongst others. Selected review and methods chapters provide a good overview over time series processing and the recent advances in the optical and radar domain. A fine selection of application chapters addresses multi-class land cover and land use change at national to continental scale, the derivation of patterns of vegetation phenology, biomass assessments, investigations on snow cover duration and recent dynamics, as well as urban sprawl observed over time.

Download or read book Big Earth Data Intelligence for Environmental Modeling written by Peng Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing written by Claudia Kuenzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the field of thermal infrared remote sensing. Temperature is one of the most important physical environmental variables monitored by earth observing remote sensing systems. Temperature ranges define the boundaries of habitats on our planet. Thermal hazards endanger our resources and well-being. In this book renowned international experts have contributed chapters on currently available thermal sensors as well as innovative plans for future missions. Further chapters discuss the underlying physics and image processing techniques for analyzing thermal data. Ground-breaking chapters on applications present a wide variety of case studies leading to a deepened understanding of land and sea surface temperature dynamics, urban heat island effects, forest fires, volcanic eruption precursors, underground coal fires, geothermal systems, soil moisture variability, and temperature-based mineral discrimination. ‘Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing: Sensors, Methods, Applications’ is unique because of the large field it spans, the potentials it reveals, and the detail it provides. This book is an indispensable volume for scientists, lecturers, and decision makers interested in thermal infrared technology, methods, and applications.

Download or read book MTPE EOS Reference Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Land Atmospheric Research Applications in South and Southeast Asia written by Krishna Prasad Vadrevu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-26 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume sheds new light on the impact of rapid Land Use/Cover Changes (LU/CC) on greenhouse gases (GHG’s) and aerosol emissions in South and Southeast Asia. Several countries in South/Southeast Asia have the highest population growth rates in the world, which is the main cause for LU/CC. Conversion of dense forests to agricultural areas and then to residential and urban areas is most commonly observed in South/Southeast Asian countries with a significant release of GHG’s and aerosols. The book showcases several case studies on the use of remote sensing and geospatial technologies to quantify biomass burning and air pollution impacts, aerosol pollution, LU/CC, and impacts on ecosystem services. The book also includes articles on regional initiatives in research, capacity building, and training. The authors of this book are international experts in the field, and their contributions highlight significant drivers and impacts of air pollution in South/Southeast Asia. Readers will discover the latest tools and techniques, in particular, the use of satellite remote sensing and geospatial technologies for quantifying GHG’s, aerosols and pollution episodes in this region.

Download or read book Approaches to Managing Disaster written by John Tiefenbacher and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approaches to Managing Disaster - Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts demonstrates the array of information that is critical for improving disaster management. The book reflects major management components of the disaster continuum (the nature of risk, hazard, vulnerability, planning, response and adaptation) in the context of threats that derive from both nature and technology. The chapters include a selection of original research reports by an array of international scholars focused either on specific locations or on specific events. The chapters are ordered according to the phases of emergencies and disasters. The text reflects the disciplinary diversity found within disaster management and the challenges presented by the co-mingling of science and social science in their collective efforts to promote improvements in the techniques, approaches, and decision-making by emergency-response practitioners and the public. This text demonstrates the growing complexity of disasters and their management, as well as the tests societies face every day.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Savannas and Woodlands written by Michael J Hill and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Savannas and woodlands are one of the most challenging targets for remote sensing. This book provides a current snapshot of the geographical focus and application of the latest sensors and sensor combinations in savannas and woodlands. It includes feature articles on terrestrial laser scanning and on the application of remote sensing to characterization of vegetation dynamics in the Mato Grosso, Cerrado and Caatinga of Brazil. It also contains studies focussed on savannas in Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. It should be important reading for environmental practitioners and scientists globally who are concerned with the sustainability of the global savanna and woodland biome.

Download or read book Realising REDD written by Arild Angelsen and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: REDD+ must be transformational. REDD+ requires broad institutional and governance reforms, such as tenure, decentralisation, and corruption control. These reforms will enable departures from business as usual, and involve communities and forest users in making and implementing policies that a ect them. Policies must go beyond forestry. REDD+ strategies must include policies outside the forestry sector narrowly de ned, such as agriculture and energy, and better coordinate across sectors to deal with non-forest drivers of deforestation and degradation. Performance-based payments are key, yet limited. Payments based on performance directly incentivise and compensate forest owners and users. But schemes such as payments for environmental services (PES) depend on conditions, such as secure tenure, solid carbon data and transparent governance, that are often lacking and take time to change. This constraint reinforces the need for broad institutional and policy reforms. We must learn from the past. Many approaches to REDD+ now being considered are similar to previous e orts to conserve and better manage forests, often with limited success. Taking on board lessons learned from past experience will improve the prospects of REDD+ e ectiveness. National circumstances and uncertainty must be factored in. Di erent country contexts will create a variety of REDD+ models with di erent institutional and policy mixes. Uncertainties about the shape of the future global REDD+ system, national readiness and political consensus require  exibility and a phased approach to REDD+ implementation.