Download or read book Validation Experiments of Hydrodynamic Models Applied to the Skagerrak written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rapid Abundant Velocity Observation to Validate Million element 2D Hydrodynamic Models written by Jesse Rutledge Barker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-dimensional (depth-averaged) hydrodynamic models have existed for decades and are used to study hydrogeomorphic processes, evaluate stage-dependent physical habitat patterns, and design river-rehabilitation projects. Rapid computer and coding advances are revolutionizing the size and detail of 2D models. Meanwhile, advances in topographic mapping and environmental informatics are providing the data inputs to drive large, detailed simulations. Million-element computational meshes are readily operational. With simulations of this size and detail, the primary challenge has shifted to finding rapid and inexpensive means for testing model predictions against observations. Standard methods for collecting velocity data include boat-mounted ADCP and point-based sensors on boats or wading rods. These methods are labor intensive and often limited to a narrow flow range. Also, they generate small datasets at a few cross-sections, which is inadequate to characterize the statistical structure of the relation between predictions and observations. Drawing on the long-standing oceanographic method of using drogues to track water currents, previous studies have demonstrated the potential of small dGPS units to obtain surface velocity in rivers. However, dGPS is too inaccurate to test 2D models. Also, there is financial risk in losing drogues in rough currents. In this study, a real time kinematic (RTK) GPS unit was mounted onto a manned whitewater kayak. The boater positioned himself into the current and used floating debris to maintain a speed and heading consistent with the ambient surface flow field. RTK GPS measurements were taken every 5 seconds. From these positions, near-surface 2D velocity vectors were obtained. The method was tested over ~7.2 km of the lower Yuba River in California in flows ranging from ~15-140 m3/s, yielding 5816 observations. To compare surface velocity magnitude against the 2D model-predicted depth-averaged value, kayak-based surface values were scaled down by a published value and three optimized constants, which had no negative effect on regression analysis. The R2 value for speed was 0.79 by this method, compared with 0.57 based on 199 points from traditional point measurements. The R2 value for velocity direction was 0.80. Although it is not ideal to rely on observed surface velocity to evaluate depth-average velocity predictions, all available velocity-measurement methods have a suite of assumptions and complications. Using this method, the availability of 10-100x more data was so beneficial that the outcome was among the highest 2D-model performance outcomes reported in the available literature.
Download or read book System 3 A Three Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model Vol 6A written by E. B. Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modelling and Optimization of Wave Energy Converters written by Dezhi Ning and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wave energy offers a promising renewable energy source, however, technologies converting wave energy into useful electricity face many design challenges. This guide presents numerical modelling and optimization methods for the development of wave energy converter technologies, from principles to applications. It covers the development status and perspectives of wave energy converter systems; the fundamental theories on wave power absorption; the modern wave energy converter concepts including oscillating bodies in single and multiple degree of freedom and oscillating water column technologies; and the relatively hitherto unexplored topic of wave energy harvesting farms. It can be used as a specialist student textbook as well as a reference book for the design of wave energy harvesting systems, across a broad range of disciplines, including renewable energy, marine engineering, infrastructure engineering, hydrodynamics, ocean science, and mechatronics engineering. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.routledge.com has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Download or read book Fisken og havet written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ICES Cooperative Research Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Download or read book Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Baltic Marine Science Conference R nne Denmark 22 26 October 1996 written by Hans Dahlin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-11 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding the North Sea System written by H. Charnock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continental shelf seas have an importance which is out of proportion to the rela tively small fraction of the area of the global ocean which they occupy. These shallow seas play an important role as the high energy boundary zones of the deep ocean where much of the ocean's tidal and wave energies are dissipated. They are highly productive biologically and are responsible for most of the world's fishery production. In many cases, they are also sources of economically important resources, notably hydrocarbons and they are frequently important as thorough fares for merchant shipping. Because they are the regions of the ocean closest to our centres of population and industrial activity, they have been the first to feel the impact of the increasing pressures imposed by large scale waste disposal into the ocean. The North Sea is an archetypal representative of such seas: we need to be able to understand its processes and predict them if we are to achieve a degree of rational management in the future, as the environmental threats increase. The understanding required extends through a wide range of processes that operate in the shelf seas from the fundamental physics to the chemistry and biology of the water column and the seabed sediments. These processes, and the interactions between them, cut across the traditional discipline boundaries within marine science and require a substantial inter disciplinary effort for their effective study.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs written by Lars Bengtsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lakes and reservoirs hold about 90% of the world's surface fresh water, but overuse, water withdrawal and pollution of these bodies puts some one billion people at risk. The Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs reviews the physical, chemical and ecological characteristics of lakes and reservoirs, and describes their uses and environmental state trends in different parts of the world. Superbly illustrated throughout, it includes some 200 entries in a range of topics, including acidification, artificialisation, canals, climate change effects, dams, dew ponds, drainage, eutrofication, evaporation, fisheries, hydro-electric power, nutrients, organic pollution, paleolimnology, reservoir capacities and depths, sedimentation, water resources and more.
Download or read book Collected Reprints Institute of Oceanographic Sciences written by Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Oceanography of the Baltic Sea written by Matti Leppäranta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Baltic Sea oceanographic research community is wide and the research history is over 100 years old. Nevertheless, there is still no single, coherent book on the physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea as a whole. There is a strong need for such a book, coming from working oceanographers as well as the university teaching programmes in advanced undergraduate to graduate levels. In the regional conference series in physical oceanography (Baltic Sea Science Conference, Baltic Sea Oceanographers' conference, Baltex-conferences) about 500 scientists take part regularly. Even more scientists work in the fields of marine biology, chemistry and the environment, and they need information on the physics of the Baltic Sea as well. There are nine countries bordering on the Baltic Sea and five more in the runoff area. The Baltic Sea as a source of fish, means of transportation and leisure activities is highly important to the regional society. In the runoff area there are a total of 85 million people. Research and protection strategies need to be developed, as the Baltic Sea is probably the most polluted sea in the world. Since the Baltic Sea has become an inner sea of the EU (apart from small shore parts of Russia in Petersburg and Kaliningrad), it is anticipated that the importance of the region will consequently rise. The book will arouse interest among students, scientists and decision makers involved with the Baltic problems. It will also give important background information for those working with biogeochemical processes in the Baltic Sea, because the physical forcing for those processes is of vital importance.
Download or read book Arctic Climate Change written by Peter Lemke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. The volume addresses the following major topics: - Research results in observing aspects of the Arctic climate system and its processes across a range of time and space scales - Representation of cryospheric, atmospheric, and oceanic processes in models, including simulation of their interaction with coupled models - Our understanding of the role of the Arctic in the global climate system, its response to large-scale climate variations, and the processes involved.
