Download or read book Validation and Improvement of the ISO 2631 1 1997 Standard Method for Evaluating Discomfort from Whole body Vibration in a Multi axis Environment written by Yka Marjanen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vibration exposure can occur at work, commuting between home and work, and in leisure activities. Any form of transportation will expose humans to some degree of vibration. Exposure to vibration can cause health problems, but more likely comfort problems. Health problems are normally related to back pain. Comfort on the other hand is related to both physiological and psychological factors, which can have a wide range of effects from a general annoyance to a reduced work capability. The standard ISO 2631-1 (1997) provides a guidance, which can be used to measure, evaluate and assess effects of whole-body vibration to discomfort. The standard allows several interpretations, which can lead to different results, as the standard does not provide an explicit guidance for selecting which axes and locations to measure and which averaging method to use for evaluating the axes. The suggested averaging method is the root mean square (r.m.s.) method, but additionally vibration dose value (VDV) can be used. This can lead to different results, as VDV emphasises shocks more than the r.m.s. method. The standard guides to measure and evaluate at least the seat translational axes, but the additional nine axes from the seat, backrest and floor are not mandatory. However, this can result in a different comfort value, as the values from the measured axes are combined. So taking into account all possible interpretations the assessment can vary significantly for the same environment. The selection of the averaging method is not a technical issue, as both methods are supported by all commercial equipment. However, it is rare that more than three axes are possible to be measured with typical whole-body vibration measurement equipment, thus the majority of studies have published results based on only the seat translational axes. Especially the rotational axes have been missing in most studies. The full method (i.e. using all possible axes to calculate the comfort value) of ISO 2631-1 (1997) has been rarely used and there is very little information on how accurate the method is for assessing discomfort in a multi-axis environment. There are only a few studies that have used the full method, but there are no known studies which have actually validated the full ISO 2631-1 method. The objective of the thesis was to validate and, if necessary, to improve the full method of the ISO 2631-1 standard for evaluating discomfort from whole-body vibration in a multi-axis environment. It was assumed that the ISO 2631-1 method can be used to predict discomfort in practice, but there are a relatively low number of studies to confirm this. Frequency weightings have been the focus of many published studies and it was assumed that these are broadly correct. Other aspects of the ISO 2631-1 method are the focus of this thesis. The goal was to keep a backward compatibility to previous studies and the current commercial equipment, thus several limitations were defined for the improvement of the standard. Several laboratory experiments, field measurements, and field and laboratory trials were conducted to validate the standard method. At first it was concluded that practical equipment for measuring 12-axis data was needed as there was no commercial system available. The equipment and software was validated in two experiments, which showed that simple and affordable components could be used to develop equipment for the full method. Even though the standard does not include information about a six-axis sensor for measuring both translational and rotational axes, there was a method to validate the sensor. The first field study included measuring several machines using all twelve axes. The analysis showed that the seat and backrest translational axes will contribute about 90 % of the overall vibration total value of the standard method, thus very little justification was found for including the seat rotational and floor translational axes. Similar results were found based on the data from the previous 12-axis studies. It was also found that the neglected axes could be compensated with a factor for estimating the overall vibration total value including all twelve axes. As the overall vibration total value is directly related to the number of used axes, the compensating factors can be used to compare results which used different axes. The laboratory trial confirmed the results from the field study, and it was concluded that sufficient accuracy to predict discomfort can be achieved using just the seat translational axes, even though the correlation improved when more axes were included. It was found that the evaluation of discomfort was improved by the use of the frequency weighting curves and the r.m.s. averaging method. However, as the multiplying factors degraded correlation, it was concluded that a new set of factors should be calculated. The new factors showed that a higher emphasis on the seat horizontal axes should be given (x=2.7, y=1.8 and z=1.0). The new factors improved the correlation systematically for all subjects. The field trial showed a similar trend, where optimised multiplying factors improved the correlation, but it was also noted that different multiplying factors are required for different environments, thus a procedure to optimise the standard method to different environments was developed. The trial showed systematic behaviour and the optimised multiplying factors were best for all subjects and groups.
Download or read book Validation and Improvement of the ISO 2631 1 1997 Standard Method for Evaluating Discomfort from Whole body Vibration in a Multi axis Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is not yet available. A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Industrial Engineering written by Andrey A. Radionov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights recent findings in industrial, manufacturing and mechanical engineering and provides an overview of the state of the art in these fields, mainly in Russia and Eastern Europe. A broad range of topics and issues in modern engineering is discussed, including the dynamics of machines and working processes, friction, wear and lubrication in machines, surface transport and technological machines, manufacturing engineering of industrial facilities, materials engineering, metallurgy, control systems and their industrial applications, industrial mechatronics, automation and robotics. This book gathers selected papers presented at the 8th International Conference on Industrial Engineering (ICIE), held in Sochi, Russia, in May 2022. The authors are experts in various fields of engineering, and all papers have been carefully reviewed. Given its scope, this book will be of interest to a wide readership, including mechanical and production engineers, lecturers in engineering disciplines, and engineering graduates.
Download or read book Automotive Ergonomics written by Nikolaos Gkikas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 20 years, technological developments have set new standards in driver-vehicle interaction. These developments effect the entire lifecycle, from the moment a customer enters a dealership to examine a prospective vehicle, to the driving experience during the vehicle lifecycle, and the interaction with other road users and facilities in pl
Download or read book Advances of Science and Technology written by Mulugeta Admasu Delele and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advancement of Science and Technology, ICAST 2020, which took place in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, in October 2020. The 74 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 200 submissions of which 157 were sent out for peer review. The papers present economic and technologic developments in modern societies in 6 tracks: Chemical, food and bio-process engineering; Electrical and computer engineering; IT, computer science and software engineering; Civil, water resources, and environmental engineering; Mechanical and industrial engineering; Material science and engineering.
Download or read book Developments and Advances in Defense and Security written by Álvaro Rocha and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-08 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the proceedings of the Multidisciplinary International Conference of Research Applied to Defense and Security (MICRADS), held at the Eloy Alfaro Military Academy (ESMIL) in Quito, Ecuador, on May 13–15,2020. It covers a broad range of topics in systems, communication, and defense; strategy and political–administrative vision in defense; and engineering and technologies applied to defense. Given its scope, it offers a valuable resource for practitioners, researchers, and students alike.
Download or read book Human Response to Vibration written by Neil J. Mansfield and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-28 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through continued collaboration and the sharing of ideas, data, and results, the international community of researchers and practitioners has developed an understanding of many facets of the human response to vibration. At a time when the EU is preparing to adopt a directive on health risks arising from occupational exposure to vibration, Human Response to Vibration offers authoritative guidance on this complex subject. Individual chapters in the book examine issues relating to whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration, and motion sickness. Vibration measurements and standards are also addressed. This book meets the needs of those requiring knowledge of human response to vibration in order to make practical improvements to the physical working environment. Written with the consultant, practitioner, researcher, and student in mind, the text is designed to be an educational tool, a reference, and a stimulus for new ideas for the next generation of specialists.
Download or read book ISO 2631 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical Vibration and Shock Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole body Vibration Part 5 Method for Evaluation of Vibration Containing Multiple Shoks ISO 2631 5 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Standard ISO 2631 1 written by International Organization for Standarization and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical Vibration and Shock Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole body Vibration Part 1 General Requirements ISO 2631 1 written by Międzynarodowa Organizacja Normalizacyjna and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical Vibration and Shock written by International Organization for Standardization and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ISO 2631 4 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Evaluation of International Standard ISO 2631 1974 for Whole body Vibration Exposures written by J. C. Guignard and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole body Vibration part 1 General Requirements written by American National Standards Institute and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ISO 2631 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical Vibration and Shock written by International Organization for Standardization and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
