Download or read book Utilization of Optimization for Design of Morphing Wing Structures for Enhanced Flight written by Matthew Scott Detrick and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional aircraft control surfaces constrain maneuverability. This work is a comprehensive study that looks at both smart material and conventional actuation methods to achieve wing twist to potentially improve flight capability using minimal actuation energy while allowing minimal wing deformation under aerodynamic loading. A continuous wing is used in order to reduce drag while allowing the aircraft to more closely approximate the wing deformation used by birds while loitering. The morphing wing for this work consists of a skin supported by an underlying truss structure whose goal is to achieve a given roll moment using less actuation energy than conventional control surfaces. A structural optimization code has been written in order to achieve minimal wing deformation under aerodynamic loading while allowing wing twist under actuation. The multi-objective cost function for the optimization consists of terms that ensure small deformation under aerodynamic loading, small change in airfoil shape during wing twist, a linear variation of wing twist along the length of the wing, small deviation from the desired wing twist, minimal number of truss members, minimal wing weight, and minimal actuation energy. Hydraulic cylinders and a two member linkage driven by a DC motor are tested separately to provide actuation. Since the goal of the current work is simply to provide a roll moment, only one actuator is implemented along the wing span. Optimization is also used to find the best location within the truss structure for the actuator. The active structure produced by optimization is then compared to simulated and experimental results from other researchers as well as characteristics of conventional aircraft.
Download or read book Modeling and Optimization for Morphing Wing Concept Generation II Part 1 Morphing Wing Modeling and Structural Sizing Techniques written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a series of investigations to develop an approach for structural sizing of various morphing wing concepts. For the purposes of this report, a morphing wing is one whose planform can make significant shape changes in flight - increasing wing area by 50% or more from the lowest possible area, changing sweep 30 or more, and / or increasing aspect ratio by as much as 200% from the lowest possible value. These significant changes in geometry mean that the underlying load-bearing structure changes geometry. While most finite element analysis packages provide some sort of structural optimization capability, these codes are not amenable to making significant changes in the stiffness matrix to reflect the large morphing wing planform changes. The investigations presented here use a finite element code capable of aeroelastic analysis in three different optimization approaches -a "simultaneous analysis" approach, a "sequential" approach, and an "aggregate" approach. NASA/CR-2008-214902/PT1 Skillen, Michael D. and Crossley, William A. Langley Research Center
Download or read book Morphing Wing Technologies written by Sergio Ricci and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphing Wings Technologies: Large Commercial Aircraft and Civil Helicopters offers a fresh look at current research on morphing aircraft, including industry design, real manufactured prototypes and certification. This is an invaluable reference for students in the aeronautics and aerospace fields who need an introduction to the morphing discipline, as well as senior professionals seeking exposure to morphing potentialities. Practical applications of morphing devices are presented—from the challenge of conceptual design incorporating both structural and aerodynamic studies, to the most promising and potentially flyable solutions aimed at improving the performance of commercial aircraft and UAVs. Morphing aircraft are multi-role aircraft that change their external shape substantially to adapt to a changing mission environment during flight. The book consists of eight sections as well as an appendix which contains both updates on main systems evolution (skin, structure, actuator, sensor, and control systems) and a survey on the most significant achievements of integrated systems for large commercial aircraft. Provides current worldwide status of morphing technologies, the industrial development expectations, and what is already available in terms of flying systems Offers new perspectives on wing structure design and a new approach to general structural design Discusses hot topics such as multifunctional materials and auxetic materials Presents practical applications of morphing devices
Download or read book Airborne Wind Energy written by Roland Schmehl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-31 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth coverage of the latest research and development activities concerning innovative wind energy technologies intended to replace fossil fuels on an economical basis. A characteristic feature of the various conversion concepts discussed is the use of tethered flying devices to substantially reduce the material consumption per installed unit and to access wind energy at higher altitudes, where the wind is more consistent. The introductory chapter describes the emergence and economic dimension of airborne wind energy. Focusing on “Fundamentals, Modeling & Simulation”, Part I includes six contributions that describe quasi-steady as well as dynamic models and simulations of airborne wind energy systems or individual components. Shifting the spotlight to “Control, Optimization & Flight State Measurement”, Part II combines one chapter on measurement techniques with five chapters on control of kite and ground stations, and two chapters on optimization. Part III on “Concept Design & Analysis” includes three chapters that present and analyze novel harvesting concepts as well as two chapters on system component design. Part IV, which centers on “Implemented Concepts”, presents five chapters on established system concepts and one chapter about a subsystem for automatic launching and landing of kites. In closing, Part V focuses with four chapters on “Technology Deployment” related to market and financing strategies, as well as on regulation and the environment. The book builds on the success of the first volume “Airborne Wind Energy” (Springer, 2013), and offers a self-contained reference guide for researchers, scientists, professionals and students. The respective chapters were contributed by a broad variety of authors: academics, practicing engineers and inventors, all of whom are experts in their respective fields.
Download or read book Morphing Wing Weight Predictors and Their Application in a Template Based Morphing Aircraft Sizing Environment II Part 2 Morphing Aircraft Sizing Via Multi Level Optimization written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-18 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an approach for sizing of a morphing aircraft based upon a multi-level design optimization approach. For this effort, a morphing wing is one whose planform can make significant shape changes in flight - increasing wing area by 50% or more from the lowest possible area, changing sweep 30 or more, and/or increasing aspect ratio by as much as 200% from the lowest possible value. The top-level optimization problem seeks to minimize the gross weight of the aircraft by determining a set of "baseline" variables - these are common aircraft sizing variables, along with a set of "morphing limit" variables - these describe the maximum shape change for a particular morphing strategy. The sub-level optimization problems represent each segment in the morphing aircraft's design mission; here, each sub-level optimizer minimizes fuel consumed during each mission segment by changing the wing planform within the bounds set by the baseline and morphing limit variables from the top-level problem. Skillen, Michael D. and Crossley, William A. Langley Research Center NASA/CR-2008-214903/PT2
Download or read book Modeling and Optimization for Morphing Wing Concept Generation Ii written by Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs) and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a series of investigations to develop an approach for structural sizing of various morphing wing concepts. For the purposes of this report, a morphing wing is one whose planform can make significant shape changes in flight - increasing wing area by 50% or more from the lowest possible area, changing sweep 30 or more, and / or increasing aspect ratio by as much as 200% from the lowest possible value. These significant changes in geometry mean that the underlying load-bearing structure changes geometry. While most finite element analysis packages provide some sort of structural optimization capability, these codes are not amenable to making significant changes in the stiffness matrix to reflect the large morphing wing planform changes. The investigations presented here use a finite element code capable of aeroelastic analysis in three different optimization approaches -a "simultaneous analysis" approach, a "sequential" approach, and an "aggregate" approach.
Download or read book Bio inspired Morphing Aircraft Mechanisms and Applications on Soaring Bat Wing Aerodynamics written by Justin Edward Manzo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in smart materials have allowed for the design of low-profile actuators suitable for use in aerospace structures. In conjunction with these innovations, aerodynamic modeling tools have afforded designers new insights into the advantages of changing a platform's geometry while in flight, in order to better adjust aerodynamics to meet instantaneous mission requirements. This type of gross adaptation, known as morphing, forms the basis for the research presented in this dissertation. Sources of inspiration for new airframe designs come from biological examples such as bird and bat wing planforms. The first chapter of this dissertation focuses on the development, modeling, and fabrication of a morphing wing mechanism inspired by shore bird morphology. In this work, wing morphing using shape memory alloy actuators is achieved, and aerodynamic performance is tested experimentally. The actuator used in this work is designed for a finite number of energetically inefficient cycles, and is intended to prove out the concept of employing smart materials to effect gross shape change. The next chapter examines the advantages of bat wing morphology across various species and planforms. A study on bat wing aerodynamics suitable for use in manmade structures takes advantage of heuristic optimization to illustrate that through morphing, significant enhancements in lift and lift-to-drag ratio can be achieved. The final three chapters of this work focus on the development of an actuator system suited to integration onto the aforementioned morphing platforms, incorporating a passive rigidity in order to reduce energy loss during and after wing morphing. The third chapter presents a preliminary model on the active rigidity joint, outlining basic principles of operation, key materials, and correlation with finite element results in predicting deflection behavior. The fourth chapter expands this model, allowing for more accurate prediction of joint behavior under loading and with arbitrary geometry. It also employs heuristic optimization to develop a thorough understanding of expected joint performance over all geometric configurations. The fifth and final chapter describes joint fabrication and experimental results, showing agreement with the analytical model of chapter four under particular conditions.
Download or read book Morphing Aerospace Vehicles and Structures written by John Valasek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-24 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphing Aerospace Vehicles and Structures provides a highly timely presentation of the state-of-the-art, future directions and technical requirements of morphing aircraft. Divided into three sections it addresses morphing aircraft, bio-inspiration, and smart structures with specific focus on the flight control, aerodynamics, bio-mechanics, materials, and structures of these vehicles as well as power requirements and the use of advanced piezo materials and smart actuators. The tutorial approach adopted by the contributors, including underlying concepts and mathematical formulations, unifies the methodologies and tools required to provide practicing engineers and applied researchers with the insight to synthesize morphing air vehicles and morphing structures, as well as offering direction for future research.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics written by Holm Altenbach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-01-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials.
Download or read book Development of Flexible rib Morphing Wing System written by Yue Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adaptive Structures written by David Wagg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-09 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive structures have the ability to adapt, evolve or change their properties or behaviour in response to the environment around them. The analysis and design of adaptive structures requires a highly multi-disciplinary approach which includes elements of structures, materials, dynamics, control, design and inspiration taken from biological systems. Development of adaptive structures has been taking place in a wide range of industrial applications, but is particularly advanced in the aerospace and space technology sector with morphing wings, deployable space structures; piezoelectric devices and vibration control of tall buildings. Bringing together some of the foremost world experts in adaptive structures, this unique text: includes discussions of the application of adaptive structures in the aerospace, military, civil engineering structures, automotive and MEMS. presents the impact of biological inspiration in designing adaptive structures, particularly the use of hierarchy in nature, which typically induces multi-functional behavior. sets the agenda for future research in adaptive structures in one distinctive single volume. Adaptive Structures: Engineering Applications is essential reading for engineers and scientists working in the fields of intelligent materials, structural vibration, control and related smart technologies. It will also be of interest to senior undergraduate and postgraduate research students as well as design engineers working in the aerospace, mechanical, electrical and civil engineering sectors.
Download or read book Matheuristics written by Vittorio Maniezzo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaheuristics support managers in decision-making with robust tools that provide high-quality solutions to important applications in business, engineering, economics, and science in reasonable time frames, but finding exact solutions in these applications still poses a real challenge. However, because of advances in the fields of mathematical optimization and metaheuristics, major efforts have been made on their interface regarding efficient hybridization. This edited book will provide a survey of the state of the art in this field by providing some invited reviews by well-known specialists as well as refereed papers from the second Matheuristics workshop to be held in Bertinoro, Italy, June 2008. Papers will explore mathematical programming techniques in metaheuristics frameworks, and especially focus on the latest developments in Mixed Integer Programming in solving real-world problems.
Download or read book Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures SARISTU written by Piet Christof Wölcken and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-04 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book includes the research papers presented in the final conference of the EU funded SARISTU (Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures) project, held at Moscow, Russia between 19-21 of May 2015. The SARISTU project, which was launched in September 2011, developed and tested a variety of individual applications as well as their combinations. With a strong focus on actual physical integration and subsequent material and structural testing, SARISTU has been responsible for important progress on the route to industrialization of structure integrated functionalities such as Conformal Morphing, Structural Health Monitoring and Nanocomposites. The gap- and edge-free deformation of aerodynamic surfaces known as conformal morphing has gained previously unrealized capabilities such as inherent de-icing, erosion protection and lightning strike protection, while at the same time the technological risk has been greatly reduced. Individual structural health monitoring techniques can now be applied at the part-manufacturing level rather than via extending an aircraft’s time in the final assembly line. And nanocomposites no longer lose their improved properties when trying to upscale from neat resin testing to full laminate testing at element level. As such, this book familiarizes the reader with the most significant develo pments, achievements and key technological steps which have been made possible through the four-year long cooperation of 64 leading entities from 16 different countries with the financial support of the European Commission.
Download or read book Shape Optimization and Modular Discretization for the Development of a Morphing Wingtip written by Joshua Morley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization of a Morphing Wing Geometry Using a Genetic Algorithm with Wind Tunnel Hardware in the loop written by Frank Joseph Boria and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To demonstrate the procedure, a two design-variable morphing wing is fabricated with the capability of altering camber and trailing edge reflex. Two experiments are conducted for maximizing the lift coefficient and maximizing efficiency. These experiments result in optimal servo position versus angle of attack shape functions. Setting the wing shape as a flat plate and again as a medium camber wing with reflex provides comparative data. These experiments resulted in a comparatively benign stall characteristic, a 63.4% increase in lift coefficient, and up to 62.1% increase in maximum efficiency over that of the fixed wing with reflex. Plotting the performance of the morphing wing, with that of the two arbitrary fixed wing shapes, illustrates the dramatic improvement achievable by morphing wing structures. Utilizing these procedures allows for real-time adaptive wing morphing to adjust to the instantaneous changes of flight attitude and wind conditions.
Download or read book Computational Fluid Dynamics Review 1998 written by M. M. Hafez and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of High Lift for Future Civil Aircraft written by Rolf Radespiel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the latest numerical and experimental findings in the field of high-lift technologies. It covers interdisciplinary research subjects relating to scientific computing, aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, material sciences, aircraft structures, and flight mechanics. The respective chapters are based on papers presented at the Final Symposium of the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 880, which was held on December 17-18, 2019 in Braunschweig, Germany. The conference and the research presented here were partly supported by the CRC 880 on “Fundamentals of High Lift for Future Civil Aircraft,” funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation). The papers offer timely insights into high-lift technologies for short take-off and landing aircraft, with a special focus on aeroacoustics, efficient high-lift, flight dynamics, and aircraft design.
