Download or read book USING SENTINEL 1 SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR TO DETECT BURN AREA AND BURN SEVERITY IN COASTAL AREAS CALIFORNIA written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Wildfires pose a constant threat to the western United States causing economic, environmental, and human losses. Their severity and impacts can be lessened when they are monitored timely and efficiently, providing opportunities for early warning and strategic responses. Optical imagery is a common method of mapping wildfires but is hindered by cloud cover. Radar, on the other hand, passes through clouds. Therefore, Sentinel-1s radar imagery will be tested in cloudy settings and compared to optical imagery for characterizing active wildfires and post-fire burn areas. Radar uses long microwaves, which allow penetration of cloud cover, collecting data regardless of weather and time of day. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite images are compared to understand if radar can detect wildfires in a time-series analysis and if different backscatter values correspond to different burn severity levels. After using different mathematical indices and polarizations, Sentinel-1 successfully detected the fire extents and the backscatter changes of a wildfire. The positive results from the area calculation demonstrate that radar can be a reliable and efficient tool for mapping wildfires.
Download or read book Incorporating Sentinel 1 SAR Imagery with the MODIS MCD64A1 Burned Area Product to Improve Burn Date Estimates and Reduce Burn Date Uncertainty in Wildland Fire Mapping written by Kristofer D. Lasko and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires result in a unique signal detectable by multispectral remote sensing and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). However, in many regions, such as Southeast Asia, persistent cloud cover and aerosols temporarily obstruct multispectral satellite observations of burned area, including the MODIS MCD64A1 Burned Area Product (BAP). Multiple days between cloud free pre- and post-burn MODIS observations result in burn date uncertainty. We incorporate cloud-penetrating, C-band SAR-with the MODIS MCD64A1 BAP in Southeast Asia, to exploit the strengths of each dataset to better estimate the burn date and reduce the potential burn date uncertainty range. We incorporate built-in quality control using MCD64A1 to reduce erroneous pixel updating. We test the method over part of Laos and Thailand during April 2016 and found average uncertainty reduction of 4.5 d, improving 15% of MCD64A1 pixels. A new BAP could improve monitoring temporal trends of wildland fires, air quality studies and monitoring post-fire vegetation dynamics.
Download or read book Using ERS 1 SAR Imagery to Monitor Variations in Burn Severity in an Alaskan Fire disturbed Boreal Forest Ecosystem written by Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Burn Area Mapping Using UAVSAR High Resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar Data written by Joshua Lokomaika'I Verkerke and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operational Use of Civil Space based Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR written by United States. Interagency Ad Hoc Working Group on SAR. and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans written by Xiaofeng Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans cover approximately 71% of Earth’s surface, 90% of the biosphere and contains 97% of Earth’s water. Since the first launch of SEASAT satellite in 1978, an increasing number of SAR satellites have or will become available, such as the European Space Agency’s ERS-1/-2, ENVISAT, and Sentinel-1 series; the Canadian RADARSAT-1/-2 and the upcoming RADARSAT Constellation Mission series satellites; the Italian COSMO-SkyMed satellites, the German TERRASAR-X and TANDEM-X, and the Chinese GAOFEN-3 SAR, among others. Recently, European Space Agency has launched a new generation of SAR satellites, Sentinel-1A in 2014 and Sentinel-1B in 2016. These SAR satellites provide researchers with free and open SAR images necessary to carry out their research on the global oceans. The scope of Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans is to demonstrate the types of information that can be obtained from SAR images of the oceans, and the cutting-edge methods needed for analysing SAR images. Written by leading experts in the field, and divided into four sections, the book presents the basic principles of radar backscattering from the ocean surface; introduces the recent progresses in SAR remote sensing of dynamic coastal environment and management; discusses the state-of-the-art methods to monitor parameters or phenomena related to the dynamic ocean environment; and deals specifically with new techniques and findings of marine atmospheric boundary layer observations. Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans is a very comprehensive and up-to-date reference intended for use by graduate students, researchers, practitioners, and R&D engineers working in the vibrant field of oceans, interested to understand how SAR remote sensing can support oceanography research and applications.
Download or read book IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL PATTERNS OF WILDFIRES IN CALIFORNIA IN RELATION TO SOIL MOISTURE USING REMOTE SENSING written by Adam J. Link and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is determining a potential correlation between soil moisture and burn severity as well as examining potential correlations between slope, elevation, wind speed, wind direction and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value and burn severity within the Mendocino Complex Fire, California, which occurred in 2018. A time-series of the difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), the difference between pre- and intra-fire NBR values, was calculated via Sentinel-2, soil moisture was mapped using SMAP, and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from ASTER was used to derive elevation and slope values. The imagery was obtained from USGS and USDA websites. Images were processed and reprojected to the same spatial resolution (60 m) and projection (UTM Zone 10N, WGS-87). dNBR imagery was subdivided in newly burned areas for each consecutive day for ten days from 29 July 2018 to 31 August 2018. The findings suggested that there was no strong correlation trend consistently found over the proposed period of time between dNBR values and soil moisture content (R ≈ -0.20 to 0.39), slope (R ≈ -0.35 to 0.46), elevation (R ≈ -0.24 to 0.56), wind speed (R ≈ -0.15 to 0.36), and wind direction (R ≈ -0.42 to 0.24). However, a positive correlation between NDVI values and dNBR values was found to be strong and consistent (R ≈ -0.48 to 0.57). This implies that burn severity increased more significantly and frequently with NDVI, a surrogate for vegetation biomass and leaf area index. It can be surmised that soil moisture must reach some higher values before having a possible impact upon burn severity. Considering that the summer of 2018 was one of the warmest and driest summers in the study area's recent history, soil moisture content was relatively low while, simultaneously, vegetation was dry and more prone to burning.
Download or read book Detection of Oil Spill and Natural Film in the Marine Environment by Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar written by Heidi A. Espedal and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Synthetic Aperture Radar Images written by Chris Oliver and published by SciTech Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical reference shows SAR system designers and remote sensing specialists how to produce higher quality SAR images using data-driven algorithms, and apply powerful new techniques to measure and analyze SAR image content.
Download or read book Satellite Sar Detection Of Sub mesoscale Ocean Dynamic Processes written by Quanan Zheng and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-03-17 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) as a form of radar to create images of objects, uses the motion of the radar antenna over a targeted region to provide finer spatial resolution than is possible with conventional beam-scanning radars by mounting the antenna on a moving platform such as an aircraft or spacecraft. As antenna aperture (the 'size' of the antenna) is defined by the distance the SAR device travels over a target in the time taken for the radar pulses to return to the antenna, the larger the aperture is, the higher the image resolution, therefore, this enables SAR to create high resolution images with comparatively small physical antennas.This special book aims to provide the updated theories and methods for the use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard satellites to detect ocean processes, i.e., SAR ocean remote sensing. It is a hi-tech application field having been developed since late 1970s and become a powerful tool for obtaining dynamic signatures from the remote and broad ocean.
Download or read book Multitemporal Remote Sensing written by Yifang Ban and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by world renowned scientists, this book provides an excellent overview of a wide array of methods and techniques for the processing and analysis of multitemporal remotely sensed images. These methods and techniques include change detection, multitemporal data fusion, coarse-resolution time series processing, and interferometric SAR multitemporal processing, among others. A broad range of multitemporal datasets are used in their methodology demonstrations and application examples, including multispectral, hyperspectral, SAR and passive microwave data. This book features a variety of application examples covering both land and aquatic environments. Land applications include urban, agriculture, habitat disturbance, vegetation dynamics, soil moisture, land surface albedo, land surface temperature, glacier and disaster recovery. Aquatic applications include monitoring water quality, water surface areas and water fluctuation in wetland areas, spatial distribution patterns and temporal fluctuation trends of global land surface water, as well as evaluation of water quality in several coastal and marine environments. This book will help scientists, practitioners, students gain a greater understanding of how multitemporal remote sensing could be effectively used to monitor our changing planet at local, regional, and global scales.
Download or read book The Use of Remote Sensing Indices to Determine Wildland Burn Severity in Semiarid Sagebrush Steppe Rangelands Using Landsat ETM and SPOT 5 written by Jill M. Norton and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates ten remote sensing indices to detect burned areas and burn severity in a southeastern Idaho study area. While fire-related studies have been performed in forested ecosystems, few have been conducted in sagebrush steppe rangelands. Burn severity, defined as the completeness of aboveground vegetation removal during the burn, is useful in determining the type and location of treatment(s) that land managers can implement to speed recovery and thus in assessing effectiveness and speed of landscape recovery. This study utilizes pre- and post-fire field-based sampling as ground control for image processing of Landsat ETM+ and SPOT 5 multispectral imagery. Single and multi-date indices were validated through accuracy-assessment techniques. Remote sensing indices comparing burned with unburned areas had better overall, user's, and producer's accuracies than indices comparing levels of burn severity. The best burn versus unburned index was the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI; 100% overall accuracy) derived from SPOT imagery, and the best burn severity index was the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR; 73% overall accuracy) derived from Landsat imagery. These two indices provided the highest user's and producer's accuracies.
Download or read book First Order Fire Effects Model written by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildfire. FOFEM computes duff and woody fuel consumption, smoke production, and fire-caused tree mortality for most forest and rangeland types in the United States. The model is available as a computer program for PC or Data General computer.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Hydrometeorological Hazards written by George P. Petropoulos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme weather and climate change aggravate the frequency and magnitude of disasters. Facing atypical and more severe events, existing early warning and response systems become inadequate both in scale and scope. Earth Observation (EO) provides today information at global, regional and even basin scales related to agrometeorological hazards. This book focuses on drought, flood, frost, landslides, and storms/cyclones and covers different applications of EO data used from prediction to mapping damages as well as recovery for each category. It explains the added value of EO technology in comparison with conventional techniques applied today through many case studies.
Download or read book Multitemporal SAR Images Denoising and Change Detection written by Weiying Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inherent speckle which is attached to any coherent imaging system affects the analysis and interpretation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. To take advantage of well-registered multi-temporal SAR images, we improve the adaptive nonlocal temporal filter with state-of-the-art adaptive denoising methods and propose a patch based adaptive temporal filter. To address the bias problem of the denoising results, we propose a fast and efficient multitemporal despeckling method. The key idea of the proposed approach is the use of the ratio image, provided by the ratio between an image and the temporal mean of the stack. This ratio image is easier to denoise than a single image thanks to its improved stationarity. Besides, temporally stable thin structures are well-preserved thanks to the multi-temporal mean. Without reference image, we propose to use a patch-based auto-covariance residual evaluation method to examine the residual image and look for possible remaining structural contents. With speckle reduction images, we propose to use simplified generalized likelihood ratio method to detect the change area, change magnitude and change times in long series of well-registered images. Based on spectral clustering, we apply the simplified generalized likelihood ratio to detect the time series change types. Then, jet colormap and HSV colorization may be used to vividly visualize the detection results. These methods have been successfully applied to monitor farmland area, urban area, harbor region, and flooding area changes.
Download or read book Field Guide for Mapping Post Fire Soil Burn Severity written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-02 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following wildfires in the United States, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of the Interior mobilize Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) teams to assess immediate post-fire watershed conditions. BAER teams must determine threats from flooding, soil erosion, and instability. Developing a postfire soil burn severity map is an important first step in the rapid assessment process. It enables BAER teams to prioritize field reviews and locate burned areas that may pose a risk to critical values within or downstream of the burned area. By helping to identify indicators of soil conditions that differentiate soil burn severity classes, this field guide will help BAER teams to consistently interpret, field validate, and map soil burn severity.
Download or read book Synthetic Aperture Radar written by Richard D. McCoy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
