Download or read book Use of secondary population based databases to evaluate the safety of medications written by Patricia Tennis and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public concern is increasing over the safety of medicines, particularly serious adverse events detected after extensive use of products in the general marketplace. This concern has led to the need for prompt evaluation of safety signals within large populations following drug approval. The most relevant and available data resources primarily include electronic health care claims and electronic medical records and can be used to identify new safety issues and to evaluate known or suspected signals. In this review paper, we (1) summarize the data resources available for detection and evaluation of safety signals and (2) critically describe these resources and methods used in drug safety research. For each type of data resource, we summarize the characteristics and describe the associated applications and appropriate methods. To place each data resource and method in perspective, we provide examples from disease areas with substantial public health impact. We conclude that in certain circumstances these data resources can be valuable for the relatively cost-effective evaluation of serious adverse events in users of specific medications. However, implementation of such research requires a thorough understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the data sources and the pharmacoepidemiologic methods used for analysis.
Download or read book Use of Secondary Population Based Databases to Evaluate the Safety of Medications written by Patricia Tennis and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes written by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.
Download or read book Databases for Pharmacoepidemiological Research written by Miriam Sturkenboom and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book allows readers to gain an in-depth understanding of the role of real-world data in pharmacoepidemiology, and highlights the strengths and limitations of the respective databases with regard to pharmacoepidemiological research. Over the past decade, the increasing use of real-world data in pharmacoepidemiological research has been accompanied by a growing recognition of the value of real-world evidence in clinical and regulatory decision-making. Electronic healthcare databases allow analyses of drug and vaccine utilization in routine care after approval, as well as investigations of their comparative effectiveness and safety. They are especially useful for the identification of rare risks and rare drug exposures over long periods of time, and as such sustainably extend the basis for drug safety research. This book provides an introduction to the role of real-world data in pharmacoepidemiological research and the main developments in the last 15 years. It also offers a comprehensive overview of the general classification characteristics of databases, together with their strengths and limitations, and a detailed description of 21 individual databases, written by professionals who work with or maintain them.
Download or read book Sharing Clinical Trial Data written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research-from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.
Download or read book The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.
Download or read book Quantitative Evaluation of Safety in Drug Development written by Qi Jiang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State-of-the-Art Methods for Drug Safety AssessmentResponding to the increased scrutiny of drug safety in recent years, Quantitative Evaluation of Safety in Drug Development: Design, Analysis and Reporting explains design, monitoring, analysis, and reporting issues for both clinical trials and observational studies in biopharmaceutical product deve
Download or read book Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.
Download or read book Understanding Pharmacoepidemiology written by Yi Yang and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-12-31 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to the study of medication utilization and safety in large populations of people Understanding Pharmacoepidemiology is a clear, engagingly written roadmap to mastering the important concepts and methods of pharmacoepidemiology. It explains what pharmacoepidemiology is, how pharmacoepidemiology studies are conducted, and how to interpret findings. You will learn the importance of pharmacoepidemiology, basic terminology used in research, and the data sources, study designs, and statistical analyses employed in pharmacoepidemiology research. Upon completing Understanding Pharmacoepidemiology you will have a better understanding of how to evaluate the associations between medication utilization and outcomes. Each chapter includes these valuable learning aids: A list of learning objectives Case studies or examples Discussion questions Tables and Figures You will also find a glossary of important words and terms. The content you need to understand the concepts and methods of pharmacoepidemiology: Introduction to Pharmacoepidemiology: Principles of Epidemiology Applied to the Study of Medication Use, Study Designs in Pharmacoepidemiology: Using Secondary Data in Pharmacoepidemiology; Biostatistics and Pharmacoepidemiology: Other Methodological Issues; Evaluation of Pharmacoepidemiology Literature; Medication Utilization Patterns; Medication Safety and Pharmacovigilance; and FDA Perspectives on Post-market Drug Safety.
Download or read book Ethical and Scientific Issues in Studying the Safety of Approved Drugs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated 48 percent of the population takes at least one prescription drug in a given month. Drugs provide great benefits to society by saving or improving lives. Many drugs are also associated with side effects or adverse events, some serious and some discovered only after the drug is on the market. The discovery of new adverse events in the postmarketing setting is part of the normal natural history of approved drugs, and timely identification and warning about drug risks are central to the mission of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Not all risks associated with a drug are known at the time of approval, because safety data are collected from studies that involve a relatively small number of human subjects during a relatively short period. Written in response to a request by the FDA, Ethical and Scientific Issues in Studying the Safety of Approved Drugs discusses ethical and informed consent issues in conducting studies in the postmarketing setting. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to generate evidence about safety questions, and makes recommendations for appropriate followup studies and randomized clinical trials. The book provides guidance to the FDA on how it should factor in different kinds of evidence in its regulatory decisions. Ethical and Scientific Issues in Studying the Safety of Approved Drugs will be of interest to the pharmaceutical industry, patient advocates, researchers, and consumer groups.
Download or read book Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management written by Liam Donaldson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementing safety practices in healthcare saves lives and improves the quality of care: it is therefore vital to apply good clinical practices, such as the WHO surgical checklist, to adopt the most appropriate measures for the prevention of assistance-related risks, and to identify the potential ones using tools such as reporting & learning systems. The culture of safety in the care environment and of human factors influencing it should be developed from the beginning of medical studies and in the first years of professional practice, in order to have the maximum impact on clinicians' and nurses' behavior. Medical errors tend to vary with the level of proficiency and experience, and this must be taken into account in adverse events prevention. Human factors assume a decisive importance in resilient organizations, and an understanding of risk control and containment is fundamental for all medical and surgical specialties. This open access book offers recommendations and examples of how to improve patient safety by changing practices, introducing organizational and technological innovations, and creating effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care systems, in order to spread the quality and patient safety culture among the new generation of healthcare professionals, and is intended for residents and young professionals in different clinical specialties.
Download or read book Insights in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology 2021 written by Hans-Peter Hartung and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-14 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Teaching Epidemiology written by Jorn Olsen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching epidemiology requires skill and knowledge, combined with a clear teaching strategy and good pedagogic skills. The general advice is simple: if you are not an expert on a topic, try to enrich your background knowledge before you start teaching. Teaching Epidemiology, third edition helps you to do this, and by providing the world-expert teacher's advice on how best to structure teaching gives a unique insight in to what has worked in their hands. The book will help you plan your own tailored teaching program. The book is a guide to new teachers in the field at two levels; those teaching basic courses for undergraduates, and those teaching more advanced courses for students at postgraduate level. Each chapter provides key concepts and a list of key references. Subject specific methodology and disease specific issues (from cancer to genetic epidemiology) are dealt with in details. There is also a focused chapter on the principles and practice of computer-assisted learning.
Download or read book Secondary Analysis of Electronic Health Records written by MIT Critical Data and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-09 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book trains the next generation of scientists representing different disciplines to leverage the data generated during routine patient care. It formulates a more complete lexicon of evidence-based recommendations and support shared, ethical decision making by doctors with their patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic technologies continue to evolve rapidly, and both individual practitioners and clinical teams face increasingly complex ethical decisions. Unfortunately, the current state of medical knowledge does not provide the guidance to make the majority of clinical decisions on the basis of evidence. The present research infrastructure is inefficient and frequently produces unreliable results that cannot be replicated. Even randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the traditional gold standards of the research reliability hierarchy, are not without limitations. They can be costly, labor intensive, and slow, and can return results that are seldom generalizable to every patient population. Furthermore, many pertinent but unresolved clinical and medical systems issues do not seem to have attracted the interest of the research enterprise, which has come to focus instead on cellular and molecular investigations and single-agent (e.g., a drug or device) effects. For clinicians, the end result is a bit of a “data desert” when it comes to making decisions. The new research infrastructure proposed in this book will help the medical profession to make ethically sound and well informed decisions for their patients.
Download or read book Pharmacoepidemiology written by Brian L. Strom and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic, field-defining textbook, now in its sixth edition, provides the most comprehensive guidance available for anyone needing up-to-date information in pharmacoepidemiology. This edition has been fully revised and updated throughout and continues to provide a rounded view on all perspectives from academia, industry and regulatory bodies, addressing data sources, applications and methodologies with great clarity.
Download or read book Big data and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology written by Tae-im Kim and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-17 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in China Epidemiology written by Dong-Qing Ye and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-06 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to show the great achievements and valuable experience of Chinese public health practices and epidemiological theories and methods. It is conducive to expanding medical workers’ practical ability of disease prevention and control, and to bridging the gap between clinical medicine and public health. In part 1, it introduces the progress in epidemiology of 10 infectious diseases. In part 2, it covers 11 non-communicable diseases. The research method and prediction modelling and public health ethics are discussed in the 11 chapters of part 3. The contributors include epidemiologists and public health experts, as well as more clinicians, mathematicians, sociologists, philosophers (ethicists), bioinformatics and so on. Among them, there are not only professors from universities, but also researchers from scientific research institutes, and experts in the front line of disease prevention and control.
