Download or read book Urban Structure and the Labour Market written by Wayne Simpson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, most people live and work in cities and as a result, most social and economic issues have a significant urban dimension. Considerable attention has been devoted to understanding where and how residential location affects urban activity, yet little of this effort has been directed to work and what determines location choices in cities. This study addresses this question by providing a theory based on modern labor economics, which complements the residential location theory at the core of recent urban studies. It analyzes the importance of workplace location in assessing matters of spatial structure, commuting patterns, underemployment, and the formation of urban ghettoes. The book lucidly blends theoretical analysis with empirical evidence, especially that from transportation survey data.

Download or read book Urban Structure Labor Market Informal Employment and Gender in Mexico City written by Sayuri Adriana Koike Quintanar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existe una amplia literatura que identifica cómo la estructura urbana afecta los resultados en el mercado laboral a través de dos factores. El primero es la desconexión espacial entre trabajadores y las oportunidades laborales y, el segundo es la segregación residencial. Actualmente, es común que las personas vivan lejos de sus lugares de trabajo. Asimismo, es conocido que los individuos con similares características socioeconómicas tienden a vivir en el mismo vecindario. Por tanto, la segregación residencial y la desconexión espacial entre el trabajo y la residencia de los individuos podrían tener influencia sobre sus resultados en el mercado de trabajo, así como en la tasa de empleo, en la informalidad y en el ingreso. Además, si lo anterior es cierto, los patrones geográficos de estos resultados son menos aleatorios, lo que podría implicar la presencia de efectos derrame. La existencia de estos efectos significaría que la desconexión espacial y la segregación residencial tendrían un rol clave en la determinación de los resultados antes mencionados. En otras palabras la concentración de ventajas o desventajas socioeconómicas ocasionaría efectos derrame sobre los individuos y los vecindarios donde viven. Bajo esta perspectiva, la Ciudad de México es un caso de estudio interesante como se discute extensivamente. La evidencia empírica apunta a que esta ciudad sufre de desconexión espacial y segregación residencial, lo que afecta los resultados en el mercado laboral de sus residentes. Es a partir de esta idea central en la cual se construye la presente tesis. La tesis tiene dos objetivos principales. El primer objetivo es analizar la relación entre la estructura urbana (desconexión espacial y segregación residencial) y los resultados en el mercado laboral en la Ciudad de México en 2010. El segundo objetivo es estudiar los patrones espaciales de tres resultados en el mercado laboral de 1990 a 2010. Estudiar estas cuestiones es relevante, pues la elección residencial de los individuos afecta sus resultados laborales a través del acceso a los puestos de trabajo, la segregación residencial o los efectos vecindario. El espacio es un factor económico importante al incrementar los efectos positivos o negativos de la concentración espacial de las ventajas o desventajas, respectivamente. La tesis contribuye a la literatura estudiando los efectos que tiene el acceso a puestos de trabajo informales sobre el empleo. Para probar esta relación estimamos un modelo de probabilidad de estar empleado incluyendo diversos índices de accesibilidad por nivel educativo (básico y post-básico) y estatus laboral (formal e informal). Asimismo, estimamos el parámetro de este índice, el cual toma diferentes valores dependiendo del modo de transporte y del estatus laboral. Esto indica que la accesibilidad por estatus laboral podría afectar la probabilidad de estar empleado de forma distinta. Los resultados indican que los más afectados por la cercanía a las oportunidades laborales son las mujeres, los trabajadores menos educados y los trabajadores informales. Otra contribución es la identificación del impacto distinto que tiene la estructura urbana sobre las oportunidades laborales de acuerdo al género de los trabajadores. Encontramos que la segregación residencial afecta negativamente la participación de las mujeres en la fuerza laboral, en tanto vivir en un vecindario rezagado decrece la probabilidad de ser trabajador formal en los hombres. Finalmente, estudiamos los patrones espaciales de tres resultados en el mercado laboral (la tasa de no empleo, la tasa de informalidad laboral y los salarios). Utilizamos diferentes modelos econométricos para explicar los patrones espaciales de dichas variables, identificando los efectos endógenos y contextuales (o los efectos derrame globales y locales, respectivamente). La mayor contribución fue analizar estos resultados por género, extendiendo el análisis a otros resultados laborales además de la tasa de desempleo.

Download or read book The Urban Informal Sector written by Ray Bromley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Urban Informal Sector is a collection of papers presented at a multi-disciplinary conference on ""The urban informal sector in the Third World,"" organized by the Developing Areas Study Group of the Institute of British Geographers in London on March 19, 1977. Contributors offer critical perspectives on the urban informal sector, with emphasis on employment and housing policies. Topics covered range from general reviews and national case studies to detailed studies of particular occupations in individual cities. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins by reviewing the relevance of dualist models of economic activities and enterprises, as applied to Third World countries, concentrating on the origins, diffusion, and deficiencies of the formal/informal dualist classification. Subsequent chapters explore the informal sector debate in studies of Third World poverty and employment; the nature of informal-formal sector relationships; the structure of the labor markets in the ""organized"" and ""unorganized"" sectors of urban economies in South India; and the problem of urban poverty, its relation to employment, and rising spatial inequalities in Brazil. Capitalist and petty commodity production in Nigeria is also discussed, along with John Turner's views on housing policy. The final chapter looks at the competition between the informal and formal sectors in the retail industry in Santiago, Chile. This monograph will be of interest to social and economic policymakers.

Download or read book Employment Problems and the Urban Labor Market in Developing Nations written by Subbiah Kannappan and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic analysis of labour market and occupational structures in urban areas of developing countries - examines the impact of economic development and urbanization on labour supply and urban unemployment; includes a literature survey and evaluation of case studies of labour market segmentation, labour force participation and wage structure; tackles institutional framework, internal migration, labour mobility, etc. ILO mentioned. References, statistical tables.

Download or read book Labour Market Search and Urban Residential Structure written by Graham Crampton and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies of Urban Labour Market Behaviour in Developing Areas written by Subbiah Kannappan and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Organization Of Work In Rural And Urban Labor Markets written by Patrick M Horan and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1984-11-21 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic analysis of local level rural areas and urban areas labour markets in South-Eastern USA - examines the social structure and economic structure; reviews labour market related economic theories and economic research, as well as its classification; looks at theoretical economic models and analysis design; analyses occupational and income allocation, labour market types and the social division of labour; discusses further research needs. Graphs, references, statistical tables.

Download or read book Unemployment in the Urban Core written by Stanley L. Friedlander and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: USA. Monograph examining the labour markets of thirty urban areas in order to analyse the causes of unemployment, with particular reference to slum areas - discusses economic factors (incl. The industrial structure of urban markets, labour supply, wage rates, etc.), structural factors (incl. In respect of education, health, welfare, discrimination, etc.), youth and Black unemployment problems, employment policy, etc. References and statistical tables.

Download or read book The Structure and Dynamics of Intra urban Labour Markets written by Robert K. Maguire and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urban Dominance and Labour Market Differentiation of a European Capital City written by Pedro Telhado Pereira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a tremendous explosion of interest in European urban history in the last decades. Across Europe we see a spate of new research projects and publications examining the economic, demographic, social and cultural devel opments of the many thousands of urban centres -metropolitan cities, regional cities and small towns. This is hardly surprising because urban development has been one of the principal forces shaping the transformation of Europe from the Renaissance to the contemporary era. One striking feature of the new work is its strongly interdisciplinary character with economists, archaeologists, geographers, art historians and sociologists, as well as historians, collaborating in research. Another feature of current approaches is the stress on comparative urban history -using the variable pat terns of development in different countries to shed light not only on structural variations but on the process of urban change itself. Testifying to this enthusiasm for comparative history since 1990 the European Association of Urban Historians (instituted by the European Union) has organ ised large -scale comparative conferences on the European city at Amsterdam, Strasbourg and Budapest. Since the 1980s there has also been a network of Eu ropean institutions (including the universities of Leicester, New University of Lisbon, Leiden, Cantabria, Humboldt University, Berlin, and Strasbourg, Gent and Leuven) actively involved in student teaching programmes in the fiel- with support from the European Union ERASMUS programme.

Download or read book Order without Design written by Alain Bertaud and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that operational urban planning can be improved by the application of the tools of urban economics to the design of regulations and infrastructure. Urban planning is a craft learned through practice. Planners make rapid decisions that have an immediate impact on the ground—the width of streets, the minimum size of land parcels, the heights of buildings. The language they use to describe their objectives is qualitative—“sustainable,” “livable,” “resilient”—often with no link to measurable outcomes. Urban economics, on the other hand, is a quantitative science, based on theories, models, and empirical evidence largely developed in academic settings. In this book, the eminent urban planner Alain Bertaud argues that applying the theories of urban economics to the practice of urban planning would greatly improve both the productivity of cities and the welfare of urban citizens. Bertaud explains that markets provide the indispensable mechanism for cities' development. He cites the experience of cities without markets for land or labor in pre-reform China and Russia; this “urban planners' dream” created inefficiencies and waste. Drawing on five decades of urban planning experience in forty cities around the world, Bertaud links cities' productivity to the size of their labor markets; argues that the design of infrastructure and markets can complement each other; examines the spatial distribution of land prices and densities; stresses the importance of mobility and affordability; and critiques the land use regulations in a number of cities that aim at redesigning existing cities instead of just trying to alleviate clear negative externalities. Bertaud concludes by describing the new role that joint teams of urban planners and economists could play to improve the way cities are managed.

Download or read book Urban Labour Markets written by Barry Moore and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Working Class in the Labour Market written by R M Blackburn and published by Springer. This book was released on 1979-06-21 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urbanisation and Labour Markets in Developing Countries written by Stuart Sinclair and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1978 Urbanization and Labour Markets is a useful companion for those studying in geography, economics or development studies. The book provides a simple guide to the subject of labour in cities in underdeveloped countries. It also set out the major controversies relating to urban labour markets in developing countries and focuses in detail to work which goes on outside large-scale firms. Migration and population growth is considered in some detail and proposals for different ways of seeing the ‘informal’ sector are discussed. This book will be of use to undergraduates in the areas of geography, economics and development studies.

Download or read book Labour Market Mechanisms and Urban Poverty written by Gerry Rodgers and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Informal Labour in Urban India written by Tom Barnes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, rapid economic growth and development in India has been based upon the mass employment of informal labour. Using case studies from three urban regions, this book examines this growth in modern India’s cities and towns. It argues that India has undergone a process of uneven and combined development during its integration with the world economy, leading to a distorted form of urban development. This book is about work and resistance in India’s massive ‘informal economy’. It looks at the growth of informal labour in Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi during an era of neoliberal economic policymaking. Going beyond mainstream accounts, it argues that India’s rapid economic development has been based upon the mass employment of workers on low wages who lack basic social protection and rights at work. It discusses how urban development in India is characterised by a combination of industrialisation, industrial relocation, restructuring and informalisation. Departing from some existing studies of de-industrialisation, it re-frames informalisation as a process that complements, rather than contradicts, contemporary industrialisation in rapidly-emerging economies. The book adopts a ‘classes of labour’ approach, classifying each case of informal labour as a specific ‘form of exploitation’: as a different way for employers to lower production costs, control workers and increase enterprise flexibility. Offering a critique of existing data on the measurement and monitoring of informal labour and employment, the book is relevant to students and scholars of Development Studies, International Political Economy and South Asian Studies.

Download or read book The Industrial Structure and Labour Market Segmentation written by Michael W. Danson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: