Download or read book United States Security Strategy for Sub Saharan Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Refining American Strategy in Africa written by Steven Metz and published by . This book was released on 2000-02-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the United States has not been a major player in the security environment of Sub-Saharan Africa, relying instead on European nations to provide outside assistance to African states. Today, it is appropriate to rethink this neglect. Africa is undergoing vast political, social, and economic changes. A consistent and well-designed American strategy in the region could help tilt the scales in favor of security and stability. In this study, Dr. Steven Metz of the Strategic Studies Institute provides a broad overview of the African security environment as a basis for recommendations on the refinement of American strategy in that region. He assesses both the opportunities for positive change which exist today, and the obstacles. While only Africans themselves can determine the future of their region, an American strategy which discourages proxy aggression, encourages private initiatives in the economic and political spheres, and uses the U.S. military, particularly the Army, to engage its African counterparts could pay great dividends. American defense strategy calls for using the military to help shape the global security environment, preempting and deterring conflict and building regional mechanisms for security. This is a particularly wise approach to Sub-Saharan Africa. The Strategic Studies Institute is pleased to offer this study as part of the ongoing debate over how the U.S. military can best contribute to the mission of shaping the security environment.
Download or read book Uncharted Paths Uncertain Vision written by Dan Henk and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few regions have seen more tragedy in the post-Cold War worlds than parts of sub-Saharan Africa, a region remarkable for the number of external military interventions in the 199Os. The United States has conducted a wide variety of military involvements in the region over the past decade. While humanitarian relief and peace operations have generated the most publicity, other more routine military relationships and activities are of far greater long-term significance. Taken as a whole, U.S. policy in Africa tends to be reactive rather than proactive. This severely undermines its ability to protect the nation's regional interests. Unwillingness to attenuate regional problems in the their early stages leads to expensive crisis interventions. More effective use of military involvements would entail greater effort to shape the regional security environment. In order to improve the value of its African military involvements, the United States should, among other things, develop a coherent "National Security Strategy for Africa," create a unified command (or "sub" command) with sole responsibility for the region and develop mechanisms for objectively measuring the value (to U.S. regional interests) of specific nation assistance programs.
Download or read book United States Africa Security Relations written by Kelechi A. Kalu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States-Africa relations have experienced four major cycles. The first cycle was during the Cold War(1960-1990). During this period, the U.S. developed a one-sided relationship with various African states in which the latter served as "foot soldiers" for the U.S. in its competition with the Soviet Union for global domination. Among other things, the various client African states provided the U.S. with access to airfields, deep water ports and sites for the establishment of various intelligence gathering facilities. In addition, the U.S. used various groups like UNITA led by Jonas Savimbi in Angola to undermine and fight pro-Soviet regimes on the continent. The second cycle of the relationship covered the period 1991-1998. During this time, the U.S. scaled down its security activities in Africa. The major reason was that with the end of the Cold War Africa(with few exceptions like Egypt) was no longer a major front for the promotion of U.S. Security interests. The third cycle commenced in 1998 and ended in 2001. This period was characterized by the U.S.’ search for an approach to frame its security relations with Africa. In this vein, the U.S. undertook various military-security initiatives . The fourth cycle began after the 9/11 terrorist attacks against the American homeland. Since then, the U.S. has expanded the scope of its security relations with Africa, as reflected in the establishment of various initiatives and programs. At the core is the prosecution of the American "war on terror." Against this backdrop, this book examines some of the major dimensions of the U.S.’ security relations with Africa, including American security interests on the continent, the "war on terror," AFRICOM, and military cooperation. Using the book’s integrative theoretical framework, each of the chapters in the volume examines the various factors that shape the issue of focus.
Download or read book Post Apartheid South Africa and United States National Security written by Edwin Cochran and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of continued engagement with post-apartheid South Africa to United States national security. It is based on the realist premise that the U.S. has limited national interests in Sub-Saharan Africa which would be best served by a regional security strategy explicitly predicated on engagement with South Africa. The paper is presented in six chapters. Chapter One places South Africa in regional perspective as Sub-Saharan Africa's pivotal state through an analysis of its political, economic, and military dimensions of national power. Chapter Two describes U.S. national interests in Sub-Saharan Africa. These interests -- South Africa's transition to democracy, continued U.S. access to strategic minerals, the security of U.S. economic interests, and the security of sea lines of communication -- focus on South Africa and the Southern African sub-region. Chapter Three provides an analysis of the Sub-Saharan African strategic environment. South Africa offers the United States the greatest opportunity for meaningful engagement in a strategic environment which is generally characterized by dysfunctional political and economic regimes and their attendant social conditions. Chapter Four describes the emergence of a U.S. policy for Sub-Saharan Africa which implicitly recognizes South Africa as the region's pivotal state. Chapter Five is a critical analysis of U.S. regional strategy for Sub- Saharan Africa. This chapter demonstrates that there are significant discontinuities in U.S. policy and strategy for Sub-Saharan Africa. In effect, the U.S. lacks a comprehensive strategy for Sub- Saharan Africa; there are only a group of loosely coordinated political, economic, security, and informational policy initiatives which provide the semblance, but not the substance of a regional strategy.
Download or read book A National Security Strategy of Cooperative Engagement for Sub Saharan Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending from the urban centers of South Africa to the lesser-developed regions of the arid Sahel, Sub-Saharan Africa spans the post-Cold War spectrum of political, economic, and military challenges for the United States Generally viewed as lagging in the effort to develop stable governments and self-sustaining economies, Sub-Saharan Africa is, with the exception of a few bright spots, caught in a vicious cycle of conflict, deteriorating infrastructures and humanitarian disasters Despite this apparent gloomy prognosis, Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the richest regions in the world in human and natural resources States that have evolved democratic institutions and established policies that encourage foreign investment are making considerable progress, as shown by their increasing life expectancies, greater per-capita incomes and decreasing infant mortality rates Consistent with its role as a global leader and advocate of stability, economic growth and democratic institutions, the United States will remain engaged to support Sub-Saharan Africa as it adjusts to the post-colonial, post-Cold War era.
Download or read book Refining American Strategy in Africa written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sub Saharan Africa A Regional Security Strategy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of Africa is of a continent colonized and deeply exploited by European powers In the late 1940's, only four countries in Africa were independent Egypt, Liberia, Ethiopia and South Africa Africans pursued their goal of independence mainly after WWII This did not come about early The US did not intervene in African problems, considering the continent as essentially the preserve of the European colonial powers This provided the Soviet Union with an opportunity to offer help for the nationalist movements and impose its presence Africans attempted to use East- West competition for their own ends by looking for economic and military aid from these competing powers The end of the Cold War pushed the continent further toward the periphery of US strategic interest To promote their development and enhance their security, African states are now faced with economic, political and socio-cultural problems that hamper the advance to basic goals Following is a brief discussion of the issues of failed economic development, natural and man-made disasters, methods of governance and their impact on the people of the sub-Saharan region.
Download or read book The United States and the Transformation of African Security written by Dan Henk and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the U.S. military has not been heavily involved in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since the end of the Cold War, though, this has begun to change. U.S. forces have supported several humanitarian relief and evacuation operations associated with African conflicts. They have also conducted numerous "engagement" activities aimed at assisting African states and their militaries during the transition to democracy. But Africa remains a region where U.S. national security interests must be promoted with limited resources. This makes a sophisticated and coherent strategy vitally important. Helping Africans develop a capability to avoid or solve their region's security problems has reemerged recently as an important goal of American strategy, and the African Crisis Response Initiative (ACRI) is its centerpiece. Based on their testimony presented to the Africa Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations, this study by Dr. Steven Metz and Colonel Dan Henk of the U.S. Army War College examines the ACRI. Significantly, it does so by placing the ACRI in a wider, long-term strategic context.
Download or read book Refining American Strategy in Africa written by Steven Metz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sub Saharan Africa Adrift in a Sea of Misery Defining U S National Strategy written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the National Security Strategy for Africa published in 1995 by DOD's Office of International Security Affairs, "the [Clinton] Administration is committed to maintaining a leading role in Africa despite the lack of vital [US] interests". But, the United States does have major interests in Africa. As an "island nation," the United States is dependent on global economic and military ties. Indeed, Africa poses one of our greatest challenges and opportunities to enlarge the community of market democracies" and protect and maintain our long-term interests worldwide. In fact, the United States' primary interests in the African region center around political stability and economic growth for each individual nation. The US would like to see democracy and economic prosperity come to Africa. Democracy and free markets would stabilize the region, improve the lives of Africans, and create markets for US goods and services. After all, there is a potential market of over 600 million consumers in Africa. In addition, US exports to Africa total $5.5 billion annually, more than the total US exports to the former Soviet Union U S exports are also growing at a rate of 15 percent per year, while there is an additional $10 billion US investment poised to go into Africa's oil sector.
Download or read book U S Security Cooperation with Africa written by Robert J. Griffiths and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Africa’s strategic importance has increased over the past decade and a half, United States security cooperation with the continent has expanded. The most visible dimension of this increased engagement was the establishment of the U.S. Military Command for Africa (AFRICOM). Some critics are skeptical of AFRICOM’s purpose and see the militarization of U.S. Africa policy while others question its effectiveness. Recognizing the link between development and security, AFRICOM represents a departure from the traditional organization of military commands because of its holistic approach and the involvement of the Department of State as well as other U.S. government stakeholders. Nevertheless, AFRICOM’s effort to combine security and development faces formidable conceptual and operational challenges in trying to ensure both American and African security interests. The human security perspective’s emphasis on issues that go beyond traditional state-centered security to include protecting individuals from threats of hunger, disease, crime, environmental degradation, and political repression as well as focusing on social and economic justice is an important component of security policy. At the same time, the threat of violent extremism heavily influences U.S. security cooperation with Africa. In this examination of the context of U.S.-African security relations, Robert J. Griffiths outlines the nature of the African state, traces the contours of African conflict, surveys the post-independence history of U.S. involvement on the continent, and discusses policy organization and implementation and the impact of U.S. experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan on the U.S.-Africa security relationship. Africa’s continuing geostrategic significance, the influence of China and other emerging markets in the region, and America’s other global engagements, especially in light of U.S. fiscal realities, demonstrate the complexity of U.S.-African security cooperation.
Download or read book The Search for Stabillty in Sub Saharan Africa An American Perspective written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the Cold War changed the international security environment. It created an international environment plagued by wide spread human rights violations, the proliferation of violence, and an increase in the potential use of weapons of mass destruction, resulting in the increased involvement of the U.S. in the region. U.S. involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa has consisted of humanitarian assistance operations, peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations, security assistance, Joint Combined Exchange Training, Combined Medical Exercises, international Military Education and Training (IMET), and Exercise-related Construction projects. This monograph measures the effectiveness of these programs against the degree to which they promote and develop stability in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMET programs must be linked to the National Security Strategy (NSS) and the National Military Strategy (NMS). Failure to do so will result in a waste of Department of Defense resources. This monograph (1) defines the geographical area and its challenges to the U.S. military; (2) identifies and discusses the National Security Strategy and National Military Strategy towards Sub-Saharan Africa to include the identification of U.S. interest in the area; (3) provides a legislative overview of IMET programs; (4) identifies the combatant commands responsible for the region and what IMET programs they conduct; and (5) assesses the effectiveness of IMET programs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Download or read book Funding Defense Challenges of Buying Military Capability in Sub Saharan Africa written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Rupiya, Director of the University of Zimbabwe's Centre for Defence Studies, and Daniel Henk of the Air War College provide one of the first comprehensive studies of defense budgeting practices in Africa. They assess both the problems with these practices and fruitful avenues of reform. By doing so, they provide a solid roadmap both for African leaders and for Americans concerned with the development of greater security in the region. The interests of the United States would be well-served in the emergence of a stable, secure and prosperous Africa, a fact acknowledged in the rhetoric of the current and previous Administrations. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has been increasingly active in efforts to promote political and economic reform in African countries, including programs to democratize African security sectors. While the military (and other security force) establishments in Africa have many problems-and pose challenges to ongoing democratization efforts-few challenges are as potentially significant for good or ill as that of defense sector funding. The ability of African countries to provide the secure environment necessary for social and economic development requires the creation of the right kind of security establishments, legitimized by democratic processes, and empowered with adequate resources. It is very much in the U.S. interest to assist African societies in reform both of the security sector and of security sector financing.
Download or read book WHY AFRICA MATTERS TO US NATIONAL SECURITY written by Grant T. Harris and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The United States and the Transformation of African Security written by Daniel W. Henk and published by . This book was released on 1997-12-05 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the U.S. military has not been heavily involved in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since the end of the Cold War, though, this has begun to change. U.S. forces have supported several humanitarian relief and evacuation operations associated with African conflicts. They have also conducted numerous "engagement" activities aimed at assisting African states and their militaries during the transition to democracy. But Africa remains a region where U.S. national security interests must be promoted with limited resources. This makes a sophisticated and coherent strategy vitally important. Helping Africans develop a capability to avoid or solve their region's security problems has reemerged recently as an important goal of American strategy, and the African Crisis Response Initiative (ACRI) is its centerpiece. Based on their testimony presented to the Africa Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations, this study by Dr. Steven Metz and Colonel Dan Henk of the U.S. Army War College examines the ACRI. Significantly, it does so by placing the ACRI in a wider, long-term strategic context.In general, the African security environment is one in which traditional methods of analysis that stress nationstates and national interests must be modified. Nonstate factors, actors, and considerations are as important as national interests. Foreign policy and national security strategy in African states tend to be associated with a regime, group, or individual leader more than a nation as a whole. They are often designed to augment or preserve the power of an individual and his clients rather than promote what western scholars would see as true national interests. And a change of leadership sometimes brings a fundamental change in foreign policy and national security strategy. Personal ties and friendships as well as regional, ethnic, and religious considerations help define strategic interests, objectives, and partners. Because African foreign policy and national security strategy, like African politics in general, are imbued with flexibility and personalization, they tend to be dominated by informal methods and procedures. Shifting coalitions dominate rather than formal alliances. Consensus-building among the powerful-a traditional political technique in much of Africa-is an important part of the regional security system. This emphasis on individuals and consensusbuilding rather than the application of power resources through formal structures means that consultations are a vital element in the African regional security environment. Such consultations can occur in a variety of traditional and nontraditional fora. Any actor seeking to shape the environment must be adept at recognizing the available fora, organizing consultation, and building consensus.
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
