Download or read book Unexploded Ordnance Cleanup Costs written by Jacqueline MacDonald and published by Minnesota Historical Society. This book was released on 2005 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military downsizing has resulted in the closure of numerous military bases that once hosted military training and weapons testing activities.

Download or read book Military Base Closures Opportunities Exist to Improve Environmental Cleanup Cost Reporting to Expedite Transfer of Unneeded Property written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regression Analysis as a Cost Estimation Model for Unexploded Ordnance Cleanup at Former Military Installations written by Ronald B. Ross and published by . This book was released on 2002-06-01 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the 1990s, the Department of Defense has undergone numerous changes in an effort to save money and bring the military infrastructure in line with the National Security Strategy. One of the major ways of reducing military infrastructure has been through the Base Realignment and Closure program. Before an installation can be formally turned over to the local community, the military service owning the base has to certify that the land is environmentally safe for reuse. One of the greatest problems discovered on former weapons training installations is the numerous pieces of Unexploded Ordnance that were located either on the surface or just below the surface in soil that will be reworked for land development projects by local city developers. This thesis provides a comprehensive case study of the former Fort Ord installation as the Army goes through the process of cleaning up Unexploded Ordnance so that the property can be given to the City of Seaside, CA and other civilian entities. A mathematical model is developed to better estimate cleanup costs using historical cost data that could be used by the Defense Department prior to placing installations on any future closure lists.

Download or read book The Cost of Cleaning Up Unexploded Ordnance written by Jacqueline MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Probabilistic Cost Estimation Model for Unexploded Ordnance Removal written by Peter L. Poppe and published by . This book was released on 1999-09-01 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Defense's proposed Range Rule greatly increases the number of unexploded ordnance (UXO) contaminated sites that the services must decontaminate. Existing models for estimating the cost of UXO removal often require a high level of expertise and provide only a point estimate for the costs; they do not provide a probability distribution of the potential costs. This thesis presents a probabilistic cost estimation model created as an "add- in" for Microsoft Excel. A test database consisting of descriptive and cost information on the historic cleanup of nineteen contaminated areas is created. To demonstrate the model, the thesis filters the database to find eight historic records characteristically similar to a fictitious cleanup scenario, and uses information from these historic records to build probability distributions for six cost elements. The model applies Monte Carlo simulation to these probability distributions to build a probability distribution for the total cleanup cost. The resulting distribution shows that for this cleanup scenario the most likely per acre cost is $8,400, but there is a 75% chance that costs fall between $8, 500 and $26,000. Results for a scenario composed of three cleanups predicts a most likely total cost of $ 1.7 million with a 50% probability of costs falling between $1.7 million and $2.2 million.

Download or read book DOD Operational Ranges More Reliable Cleanup Cost Estimates and a Proactive Approach to Identifying Contamination Are Needed written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, the Department of Defense (DOD) has tested and fired munitions on millions of acres of operational ranges. These munitions contain various constituents such as lead, trinitrotoluene (TNT), and ammonium perchlorate salt (perchlorate) that are, in some instances, known or suspected of causing health effects such as damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, cancer, and interfering with thyroid function. Concerns about the potential cost to clean up munitions prompted Congress to require that DOD develop an estimate for what it would cost to clean up its operational ranges. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 required DOD to provide (1) a comprehensive assessment of unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents at current and former DOD facilities; and (2) an estimate of the aggregate projected cost of remediation (cleanup) at operational ranges,1 stated as a range of costs, including a low and high estimate. As of April 2003, DOD identified 10,444 operational ranges located in the United States and its territories, with Army operational ranges accounting for 94 percent of the total. DOD estimated it would cost between $16 billion and $165 billion to clean up unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents on these operational ranges. constituents on these operational ranges.

Download or read book DOD operational ranges more reliable cleanup cost estimates and a proactive approach to identifying contamination are needed report to congressional requesters written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, the Department of Defense (DOD) has tested and fired munitions on millions of acres of operational ranges. These munitions contain various constituents such as lead, trinitrotoluene (TNT), and ammonium perchlorate salt (perchlorate) that are, in some instances, known or suspected of causing health effects such as damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, cancer, and interfering with thyroid function. Concerns about the potential cost to clean up munitions prompted Congress to require that DOD develop an estimate for what it would cost to clean up its operational ranges. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 required DOD to provide (1) a comprehensive assessment of unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents at current and former DOD facilities; and (2) an estimate of the aggregate projected cost of remediation (cleanup) at operational ranges,1 stated as a range of costs, including a low and high estimate. As of April 2003, DOD identified 10,444 operational ranges located in the United States and its territories, with Army operational ranges accounting for 94 percent of the total. DOD estimated it would cost between $16 billion and $165 billion to clean up unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents on these operational ranges. constituents on these operational ranges.

Download or read book DOD Operational Ranges written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Unexploded Ordnance written by Office of the Under Secretary of Defense and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-04-09 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Science Board Task Force on Unexploded Ordnance, UXO, met from September 2002 to May 2003. The Task Force's charter contained two principal questions: (1) can advanced technology help reduce the very high cost of UXO cleanup at former and current test and training sites and (2) can advanced technology help minimize the environmental impact of future live-fire munitions training? The Task Force's answer to both these questions is a qualified "yes." Today's UXO cleanup problem is massive in scale with some 10 million acres of land involved. Estimated cleanup costs are uncertain but are clearly tens of billions of dollars. This cost is driven by the digging of holes in which no UXOs are present. The instruments used to detect UXOs (generally located underground) produce many false alarms, -i.e., detections from scrap metal or other foreign or natural objects-, for every detection of a real unexploded munition found. Because each of these false alarms could potentially be a UXO, a careful excavation is required, leading to very high costs. The Task Force believes that modern technology can substantially reduce such false alarms leading to a dramatic reduction in overall cleanup cost. Some substantial changes in cleanup management structure are needed to foster the deployment of such technology. Much of the aforementioned 10 million acres is free of UXOs and this land could be returned to public use relatively quickly. The Task Force recommends an aggressive five-year program to accomplish this release. The Task Force concluded that technology can also help with future environmental problems associated with live-fire testing. The DoD uses over two million rounds of high explosive munitions per year for training purposes. Thus we are continuing to produce UXOs at a substantial rate. The Task Force believes that the future problem can be controlled by a variety of measures. First, we should carefully examine this extensive use of live munitions in training. Simulation techniques and inert rounds can reduce the number of live rounds actually used. Second, environmentally friendly "green" munitions are being developed. These green munitions combined with a significant improvement in fuze reliability, especially for medium caliber rounds, offer our best solution for the longer term. There is an emerging problem of chemical constituents of UXOs leaching into the ground water and possibly contaminating public water supplies. This is a volatile issue, an issue which has alrea9y closed down one major test facility. It deserves careful attention by the DoD . The Task Force recommendations, if implemented, can save tens of billions of dollars in future cleanup costs and can preserve the ability of the DoD to control its own destiny and to conduct live-fire testing into the distant future. The funding impact of the Task Force recommendations is not great considering the dollars to be saved downstream. Current DoD spending on the UXO problem is about $200 million per year. The implementation of the Task Force recommendations would require a rough doubling of this yearly funding.

Download or read book Environmental Liabilities written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Unexploded Ordnance written by Office of Office of the Under Secretary of Defense For Acquisition Technology and Logistics and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Science Board Task Force on Unexploded Ordnance, UXO, met from September 2002 to May 2003. The Task Force's charter contained two principal questions: (1) can advanced technology help reduce the very high cost of UXO cleanup at former and current test and training sites and (2) can advanced technology help minimize the environmental impact of future live-fire munitions training? The Task Force's answer to both these questions is a qualified "yes." Today's UXO cleanup problem is massive in scale with some 10 million acres of land involved. Estimated cleanup costs are uncertain but are clearly tens of billions of dollars. This cost is driven by the digging of holes in which no UXOs are present. The instruments used to detect UXOs (generally located underground) produce many false alarms, -i.e., detections from scrap metal or other foreign or natural objects-, for every detection of a real unexploded munition found. Because each of these false alarms could potentially be a UXO, a careful excavation is required, leading to very high costs. The Task Force believes that modern technology can substantially reduce such false alarms leading to a dramatic reduction in overall cleanup cost. Some substantial changes in cleanup management structure are needed to foster the deployment of such technology. Much of the aforementioned 10 million acres is free of UXOs and this land could be returned to public use relatively quickly. The Task Force recommends an aggressive five-year program to accomplish this release. The Task Force concluded that technology can also help with future environmental problems associated with live-fire testing. The DoD uses over two million rounds of high explosive munitions per year for training purposes. Thus we are continuing to produce UXOs at a substantial rate. The Task Force believes that the future problem can be controlled by a variety of measures. First, we should carefully examine this extensive use of live munitions in training. Simulation techniques and inert rounds can reduce the number of live rounds actually used. Second, environmentally friendly "green" munitions are being developed. These green munitions combined with a significant improvement in fuze reliability, especially for medium caliber rounds, offer our best solution for the longer term. There is an emerging problem of chemical constituents of UXOs leaching into the ground water and possibly contaminating public water supplies. This is a volatile issue, an issue which has alrea9y closed down one major test facility. It deserves careful attention by the DoD . The Task Force recommendations, if implemented, can save tens of billions of dollars in future cleanup costs and can preserve the ability of the DoD to control its own destiny and to conduct live-fire testing into the distant future. The funding impact of the Task Force recommendations is not great considering the dollars to be saved downstream. Current DoD spending on the UXO problem is about $200 million per year. The implementation of the Task Force recommendations would require a rough doubling of this yearly funding.

Download or read book Environmental Liabilities DoD Training Range Cleanup Cost Estimates Are Likely Understated written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DoD has estimated that millions of acres of training ranges in the United States and its territories are contaminated with unexploded ordnance that could potentially harm the public and the environment if not properly managed or cleaned up. With the increase in DOD downsizing and resulting base closures in recent years, large numbers of military properties are being turned over to non-DOD ownership and control. Although DOD has procedures to mitigate the risk to human health and the environment, the transfer of ownership results in the public being put at greater risk of sickness, injury, or even death from unexploded ordnance or its constituent contamination. DOD is subject to various laws that govern remediation of contamination on military installations and standards establishing requirements for DOD to recognize and report the costs of managing and cleaning up these properties.

Download or read book Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Unexploded Ordnance written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Task Force investigated two principal issues: (1) can technology help reduce today's high cost of UXO cleanup, and (2) can technology help reduce the environmental impact of future live-fire training? The Task Force concluded that technology can help in both situations, but changes are needed in the current cleanup process and in future live-fire practices.

Download or read book Environmental liabilities DOD training range cleanup cost estimates are likely understated report to the Chairman Committee on the Budget House of Representatives written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cleanup of U S Military Munitions written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to address safety, health, and environmental risks from potential exposure to abandoned or discarded military munitions has been a long-standing issue. There has been particular concern among the public about such risks at older decommissioned military properties that have been in civilian use for many years, and at closed military bases still awaiting redevelopment. Many of these properties contain former training ranges and munitions disposal sites where the extent of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and related environmental contamination is not fully understood. The approval of another round of military base closings in 2005 raised additional concerns about munitions risks on certain bases, and whether cleanup challenges may limit their civilian reuse. This report discusses the potential hazards of military munitions and related contamination, the authorities of the Department of Defense (DOD) to address these hazards, the status and costs of cleanup efforts, and issues for Congress.

Download or read book Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste written by Robert Noyes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations. The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher. However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are: 1. Chemical weapons destruction 2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons 3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extraction This book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.

Download or read book Discrimination of Subsurface Unexploded Ordnance written by Kevin A. O'Neill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unexploded ordnance (UXO) pose a persistent and expensive problem throughout the world; over 11 million acres are potentially contaminated in the U.S. alone. However, detection requires a very high degree of reliability, the false alarm rate is typically enormous, and cleanup costs are very high. This Tutorial Text addresses the unique challenges of UXO detection and the following topics: fundamental physics and phenomenology; new, successful modeling and analysis methods; the design, development, and testing of new instruments that provide expanded and superior data; innovative processing techniques; and highly successful discrimination performance in blind field tests at standardized sites. The book is written for lay scientists and engineers, as well as specialists in the field, requiring only some familiarity with basic vector calculus and matrix methods, common statistical concepts, and elementary physics.