Download or read book Ultrasonic Measurement of Residual Stress in Steels Using Critically Refracted Longitudinal Waves Lcr written by Teodoro Leon-Salamanca and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultrasonic Measurement of Residual Stress Relaxation in Welded Steel Plates Using Critically Refracted Longitudinal Waves written by Brent Houston Chance and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods written by Gary S. Schajer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory and intermediate level handbook written in pragmatic style to explain residual stresses and to provide straightforward guidance about practical measurement methods. Residual stresses play major roles in engineering structures, with highly beneficial effects when designed well, and catastrophic effects when ignored. With ever-increasing concern for product performance and reliability, there is an urgent need for a renewed assessment of traditional and modern measurement techniques. Success critically depends on being able to make the most practical and effective choice of measurement method for a given application. Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods provides the reader with the information needed to understand key residual stress concepts and to make informed technical decisions about optimal choice of measurement technique. Each chapter, written by invited specialists, follows a focused and pragmatic format, with subsections describing the measurement principle, residual stress evaluation, practical measurement procedures, example applications, references and further reading. The chapter authors represent both international academia and industry. Each of them brings to their writing substantial hands-on experience and expertise in their chosen field. Fully illustrated throughout, the book provides a much-needed practical approach to residual stress measurements. The material presented is essential reading for industrial practitioners, academic researchers and interested students. Key features: • Presents an overview of the principal residual stress measurement methods, both destructive and non-destructive, with coverage of new techniques and modern enhancements of established techniques • Includes stand-alone chapters, each with its own figures, tables and list of references, and written by an invited team of international specialists
Download or read book Evaluation of Sub Surface Residual Stress by Ultrasonic Method and Finite Element Analysis of Welding Process in a Monel Pressure Vessel written by Yashar Javadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welding of nickel-based alloys is increasingly used in the industry to manufacture various important structures in the marine industries, chemical processing, etc. This study investigates evaluation of sub-surface residual stresses, which are produced by the welding process in a pressure vessel made from Monel 400 alloy. The residual stresses are experimentally measured by ultrasonic method in which longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are propagated inside the specimen to evaluate the effect of stress on the wave velocity. Any difference in the wave velocity could be transformed to the material stress by using acoustoelasticity relations. A nondestructive hydro-test process is used to measure the acoustoelastic constant, which is an important material property needed to be embedded in the acoustoelasticity relations. By using a different frequency range than the ultrasonic transducers, the LCR wave penetrates in different depths of the specimen to measure the sub-surface stresses. The welding processes are also numerically analyzed by a 3D thermo-mechanical finite-element (FE) model, which is validated by hole-drilling stress-measurement method. The residual stresses calculated by FE simulation are then compared with those obtained from the ultrasonic stress measurement and an acceptable agreement is achieved. It is demonstrated that the sub-surface residual stresses of the Monel pressure vessel could be accurately evaluated by combination of the FE simulation and stress measurement implemented by the LCR waves.
Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring and Integrity Management written by Keqin Ding and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-29 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Health Monitoring and Integrity Management is a collection of the papers presented at the 2nd International Conference of Structural Health Monitoring and Integrity Management (ICSHMIM2014, Nanjing, China, 24-26 September 2014), and addresses the most recent developments in the field of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and integrity ma
Download or read book Ultrasonic Technique for Residual Stress Measurement in Ductile Iron Continuous Cast Round Bars written by MN. Srinivasan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ultrasonic technique using critically refracted longitudinal (LOR) waves was used to determine the residual stresses in ductile iron bars in the as-cast, annealed, normalized as well as quenched and tempered states. The results conform to expected trends based on differential cooling rate and phase transformation effects.
Download or read book Ultrasonic Stress Evaluation in a Compressor Rotor written by DE. Bray and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The run-out report for a compressor rotor showed an almost continuous bow between the two bearings. The maximum run-out of 0.03 mm (0.0012 in.) occurred at the inlet to the fourth stage impeller. The steel compressor rotor was just over 3 m in length. It had been removed from service for maintenance. Each of the seven compressor stages was mounted on the rotor at the time of the stress measurement. An evaluation of the residual stress at the inlet locations in the shaft using critically refracted longitudinal, LCR, ultrasonic waves showed compressive stress on the bowed side of the rotor, supporting the conclusion that residual stress is the cause of the bow.
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation written by Don E. Bray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) inspection schemes are important in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. By correctly applying techniques of NDE, we can reduce machine and system failures and increase reliability of operating systems over an extended lifetime. Nondestructive Evaluation: A Tool in Design, Manufacturing, and Service introduces and discusses primary techniques used in the field, including ultrasonics, acoustic emission, magnetics, radiography, penetrants, and eddy currents. Examples of each of these techniques are included, demonstrating typical applications.
Download or read book Hole Drilling Method for Measuring Residual Stresses written by Gary S. and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the theory and practice of the Hole-Drilling Method for measuring residual stresses in engineering components. Such measurements are important because residual stresses have a "hidden" character because they exist locked-in within a material, independent of any external load. These stresses are typically created during component manufacture, for example, during welding, casting, or forming. Because of their hidden nature, residual stresses are difficult to measure and consequently are often ignored. However, they directly add to loading stresses and can cause catastrophic failure if not properly included during engineering design. Thus, there is an urgent need to be able to identify and measure residual stresses conveniently and reliably. The Hole-Drilling Method provides an adaptable and well-proven method for measuring residual stresses in a wide range of materials and component types. It is convenient to use and gives reliable results. Because of the hidden nature of residual stresses, the measurement method must necessarily be indirect, thus, additional care and conceptual understanding are necessary to achieve successful results. This book provides a practical introduction to the Hole-Drilling Method, starting from its historical roots and going on to focus on its modern practice. The various chapters describe the nature of residual stresses, the principle of hole-drilling measurements, procedures and guidance on how to make successful measurements, and effective mathematical procedures for stress computation and analysis. The book is intended for practitioners who need to make residual stress measurements either occasionally or routinely, for practicing engineers, for researchers, and for graduate engineering and science students.
Download or read book Comparison Between Contact and Immersion Method in Ultrasonic Stress Measurement of Welded Stainless Steel Plates written by Yashar Javadi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents a comparison between contact and immersion ultrasonic method to measure welding residual stress of austenitic stainless steel plates (AISI 304L). Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are employed to measure the residual stresses. By using contact and immersion transducers, a 3D distribution of longitudinal residual stress for the entire of the welded plate is presented. A finite-element model of welding process, which is validated by the hole-drilling method, is used to verify the ultrasonic results. The results show no considerable differences between using contact or immersion transducers in ultrasonic stress measurement of stainless steel plates; however, some practical considerations are mentioned.
Download or read book Proceedings of the SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultrasonic Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Residual Stress written by Fred Rollins and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shear wave birefringence in metal specimens has been studied as a possible method of nondestructively measuring residual stresses. It was established that the stress-induced birefringence in Al and steel varies linearly with the magnitude of an applied stress and does not change appreciably as these metals are deformed plastically. Other sources of birefringence were studied also. Preferred orientation is a major source especially in rolled metal stock. A pulse echo technique for observing shear wave birefringence is described and the current limitations are discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Residual Stress Analysis on Welded Joints by Means of Numerical Simulation and Experiments written by Paolo Ferro and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to quantify residual stresses induced by welding processes through experimentation or numerical simulation has become, today more than ever, of strategic importance in the context of their application to advanced design. This is an ongoing challenge that commenced many years ago. Recent design criteria endeavour to quantify the effect of residual stresses on fatigue strength of welded joints to allow a more efficient use of materials and a greater reliability of welded structures. The aim of the present book is contributing to these aspects of design through a collection of case-studies that illustrate both standard and advanced experimental and numerical methodologies used to assess the residual stress field in welded joints. The work is intended to be of assistance to designers, industrial engineers and academics who want to deepen their knowledge of this challenging topic.
Download or read book Handbook of Measurement of Residual Stresses written by Society for Experimental Mechanics (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from 24 authorities from around the world, this handbook provides the most authoritative reference resource available on the impact of residual stresses on mechanical properties of materials and structures. You'll find detailed descriptions of a full range of measuring techniques, including hole drilling, layer removal, sectioning, X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and ultrasonic methods. A variety of case studies which illustrate use of specific techniques are included to facilitate your understanding. Design and structural engineers, metallurgists, and material scientists will find a wealth of valuable information covering recent developments in residual stress measuring techniques, with guidelines provided for selecting the right measuring strategy for each specific application, and many helpful tips for improving quality control.
Download or read book Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Structural Damage Modelling and Assessment written by Magd Abdel Wahab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-12 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises the select proceedings of Structural Damage Modelling and Assessment (SDMA 2020) presented online on 4–5 August 2020. It discusses the recent advances in fields related to damage modelling, damage detection and assessment, non-destructive testing and evaluation, structure integrity and structural health monitoring. The conference covers all research topics and applications relevant to structural damage modelling and assessment using theoretical, numerical and experimental techniques. This book is useful to scientists and engineers in academia and industry who are interested in the field of structural damage and integrity.
Download or read book Comprehensive Materials Processing written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 5485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Materials Processing, Thirteen Volume Set provides students and professionals with a one-stop resource consolidating and enhancing the literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Assisting scientists and engineers in the selection, design, and use of materials, whether in the lab or in industry, it matches the adaptive complexity of emergent materials and processing technologies. Extensive traditional article-level academic discussion of core theories and applications is supplemented by applied case studies and advanced multimedia features. Coverage encompasses the general categories of solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing, and includes discussion on plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Authored and reviewed by world-class academic and industrial specialists in each subject field Practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information in one place with integrated applets linking to relevant outside sources
Download or read book On the Evaluation of the Effect of Microstructure on the SNR of Ultrasonic Images and on the Velocity of Lcr Waves written by P. Pereira and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress measurement using ultrasound employs the acoustoelastic theory that relates the variation of the velocity of elastic waves to the variation of stress in the material. However, not only stress has influence on wave velocity, but also the microstructure of the specimen being evaluated. The aim of this work is to verify the feasibility of using ultrasonic images to evaluate microstructural variations that affect the velocity of longitudinal critically refracted (Lcr) waves used in stress measurements. The images were generated applying the total focusing method (TFM) in signals obtained with an ultrasonic array. The signals recorded contain grain noise related to the material's microstructure. In this work, the time-of-flight (TOF) of Lcr waves and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ultrasonic images are obtained for samples of ASTM A36 steel with different grain sizes and shapes. The TOF is related to the wave velocity and the SNR to the grain noise intensity. The influence of stresses on the TOF and SNR was also verified. A linear relation between TOF and SNR was established with a variation rate of -76 ns/dB. No significant variations were observed in the SNR caused by the applied stress. Because the noise intensity of the images are sensitive only to microstructural variations, the technique presented has potential to be used to correct values of ultrasonic wave velocity in stress measurements.
