Download or read book Two Color Flow Cytometric Analysis of Intraerythrocytic Malaria Parasite DNA and Surface Membrane Associated Antigen in Erythrocytes Infected with Plasmodium Falciparum written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for fixation of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes and solubilization of the erythrocyte membrane with detergent was developed. This method was applied to two-color flow cytometric analysis of both intraerythrocytic (IE) malaria DNA and parasite-derived antigen on the erythrocyte surface membrane. Infected erythrocytes were fixed with 0.025% glutaraldehyde followed by treatment with 1% saponin to gain access to intramembranous components and allow antibody to interact with antigen. DNA of IE parasite was subsequently stained with propidium iodide. Using this procedure cell morphology was well preserved with excellent parasite DNA staining. Using anti-malaria antibodies which recognize ring-infected erythrocyte sur antigen (Pfl55/RESA), we observed that glutaraldehyde-fixed saponin treated infected erythrocytes exhibited a variable immunofluorescence intensity as assessed by both flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Ring-infected cells displayed strong immunofluorescence staining, whereas a weak signal was detected on cells containing schizonts. Simultaneous measurement of parasite DNA and antigen in the infected erythrocyte membrane can facilitate the study of antigen expression in the cell membrane in association with development of IE parasites. Fluorescein, Malaria antigen, Nucleic acid fluorochrome, Propidium iodide, Red blood cell.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practical Flow Cytometry written by Howard M. Shapiro and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-02-25 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the reviews of the 3rd Edition... "The standard reference for anyone interested in understandingflow cytometry technology." American Journal of Clinical Oncology "...one of the most valuable of its genre and...addressed to awide audience?written in such an attractive way, being bothinformative and stimulating." Trends in Cell Biology This reference explains the science and discusses the vastbiomedical applications of quantitative analytical cytology usinglaser-activated detection and cell sorting. Now in its fourthedition, this text has been expanded to provide full coverage ofthe broad spectrum of applications in molecular biology andbiotechnology today. New to this edition are chapters on automatedanalysis of array technologies, compensation, high-speed sorting,reporter molecules, and multiplex and apoptosis assays, along withfully updated and revised references and a list of suppliers.
Download or read book Flow Cytometry in Microbiology written by Martin G. Wilkinson and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow cytometry is a powerful technique for the rapid analysis of single cells in a mixture. In microbiology, flow cytometry permits the reliable and rapid detection of single or multiple microbes and can provide information about their distribution within cell populations. Flow cytometry may also lead to a faster means of viability counting of microorganisms while, at the same time, enabling a better understanding of all bacterial cells within a given population. Specially adapted commercial cytometers for microbial detection are being developed. In this text, renowned contributors have brought together a wealth of experience demonstrating the power and limitations of flow cytometry as it currently stands in the field of microbiology. The book commences with an overview of flow cytometry by Professor Howard Shapiro, one of the most eminent scientists in the area of flow cytometry. Further chapters discuss: cytometry technology and applications in environmental biotechnology * microbial community fingerprinting * clinical microbiology * lactic acid bacteria * spore forming bacteria * yeasts and fungi * water analysis * chip-based cytometry assays. The final chapter describes the adoption of flow cytometry to routine water quality analysis in Switzerland and provides a fascinating case study of how this emerging microbial technology overcame technical, regulatory, and practical issues to become a standard rapid quality control methodology. The book provides a thorough description of flow cytometry and includes practical and up-to-date information aimed specifically at microbiologists. *** Librarians: ebook available on ProQuest and EBSCO [Subject: Microbiology, Life Science]
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enzymatic and Chemical Modifications of Erythrocyte Surface Antigens to Identify Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoite Binding Sites written by Kim Lisa Baron and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium where the species that causes the most severe form of malaria in humans is known as Plasmodium falciparum. At least 40% of the global population is at risk of contracting malaria with 627 000 people dying as a result of this disease in 2012. Approximately 90% of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately every 30 seconds a young child dies, making malaria the leading cause of death in children under the age of five years old. The malaria parasite has a complex life cycle utilising both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts across sexual and asexual stages. The erythrocyte invasion stage of the life cycle in the human whereby the invasive merozoite form of the parasite enters the erythrocyte is a central and essential step, and it is during this stage that the clinical symptoms of malaria manifest themselves. Merozoites invade erythrocytes utilising multiple, highly specific receptor-ligand interactions in a series of co-ordinated events. The aim of this study was to better understand the interactions occurring between the merozoite and erythrocyte during invasion by using modern, cutting-edge proteomic techniques. This was done in the hope of laying the foundation for the discovery of new key therapeutic targets for antimalarial drug and vaccine-based strategies, as there is currently no commercially available antimalarial vaccine and no drug to which the parasite has not at least started showing resistance. In this study healthy human erythrocytes were treated separately with different protein-altering enzymes and chemicals being trypsin, the potent oxidant sodium periodate (NaIO4), the amine cross-linker tris(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride (TCEA) and the thiol cross-linker 1,11-bis(maleimido)triethylene glycol (BM(PEG)3). The resulting erythrocyte protein alterations were visualised as protein band differences on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), where treated and untreated control erythrocyte ghost protein fingerprints were visually compared to one another. The protein bands showing differences between treated and control samples were in-gel digested using trypsin then sequenced by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified using proteomics-based software. In this way, the erythrocyte proteins altered by each enzyme/chemical treatment were identified. Malaria invasion assays were performed where each treatment group of erythrocytes as well as the control erythrocytes were incubated separately with schizont stage malaria parasites for the duration of one complete life cycle. Using fluorescent staining and flow cytometry, the invasion inhibition efficiency for each treatment group was evaluated. By utilising these methods, the identification and the relative importance of the erythrocyte proteins involved in the invasion process were determined. Protein fingerprints of control and treated erythrocyte ghosts were visualised and optimised on SDS PAGE where induced protein band differences were successfully identified by LC-MS/MS. It was found that each treatment altered erythrocyte proteins with changes found in Band 3, actin, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, spectrin alpha, spectrin beta, ankyrin, haemoglobin, Bands 4.1 and 4.2, glycophorin A and stomatin. The invasion assays revealed that TCEA inhibited invasion to the greatest extent as compared to the other treatments, followed by BM(PEG)3 and trypsin. Sodium periodate-treated erythrocytes could not be assessed using the invasion assay due to auto-haemolysis. Band 3, glycophorin A, Band 4.1 and stomatin appear to be of higher relative importance in the invasion process as compared to the other altered erythrocyte proteins. These results confirmed the known roles of spectrin alpha, spectrin beta, glycophorin A, Band 3 and Band 4.1 in invasion, and suggested that ankyrin, Band 4.2 and stomatin may also be involved. This study highlighted the potential that modern, cutting-edge proteomic techniques provide when applied to previous comparative studies found in older literature, as previously unidentified proteins that can be involved in invasion were revealed. These results can be used as a foundation in future studies in order to identify new key targets for the development of new antimalarial drug- and vaccine-based strategies, with the hope of preventing the suffering of the millions of malaria-inflicted people worldwide, and ultimately eradicating this deadly disease.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Erythrocyte Modification by Integral Membrane Proteins of the Human Malaria Parasite written by Sohini Sanyal and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , possesses a broad repertoire of proteins that are trafficked to the erythrocyte cytoplasm or surface, including the large families of predicted two transmembrane proteins (2TM); the RIFIN, STEVOR, and Pf mc-2TM proteins. Orthologs of 2TM proteins are not conserved across the Plasmodium genus; however, all species have amplified families of structurally similar 2TM proteins. Thus, across the Plasmodium genus, 2TM proteins likely participate in creating conserved parasite-derived modifications to the infected erythrocyte. RIFIN, STEVOR and Pf mc-2TM family members have an extensively hypervariable region between the two predicted transmembrane domains that differs between paralogs. Genetic analysis of several P. falciparum isolates reveals great sequence divergence specifically in this loop region which indicates erythrocyte surface localization, where host immune pressure could drive antigenic variation. To determine 2TM protein localization, epitope-tagged proteins were introduced in transgenic parasites and show punctate erythrocyte cytoplasm staining, indicative of vesicular Maurer's cleft trafficking, and erythrocyte membrane staining. Flow cytometry of transgenic parasites expressing a RIFIN epitope-tagged within the carboxyl and hypervariable domains demonstrates for the first time surface staining for the hypervariable loop, but not the c-terminus. These data present evidence that 2TM proteins function at the erythrocyte membrane. Various erythrocyte modifications occur during P. falciparum infection including increased membrane rigidity, to aid in sequestration, and increased permeability for nutrient acquisition and waste removal. Since the breadth of almost 200 genes encoding the 2TM superfamily prevents targeted gene disruption, we investigated the role of 2TM proteins in known erythrocyte modifications utilizing parasite lines that either over-express a 2TM protein or have reduced 2TM protein levels. Permeability, rigidity, and membrane integrity assays indicate a role for STEVOR proteins in erythrocyte membrane rigidity and integrity. Finally, as an alternative approach toward determining function, we investigated the contribution of 2TM proteins to the pathogenesis of malaria parasites in erythrocytes harboring hemoglobinopathies. Infected hemoglobin C erythrocytes display reduced expression of 2TM proteins, but not of cytoplasmic parasite proteins. A deficiency in levels of RIFIN, STEVOR and Pf mc-2TM proteins at the erythrocyte membrane may partially account for the reduced viability of P. falciparum parasites in HbC erythrocytes.
Download or read book Immune Recognition of Parasite dependent Antigens Associated with Plasmodium Falciparum infected Erythrocytes written by Hassan Mohamed Elsaid and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic of Korea's industrial policy has directed that nation's economy through nearly three decades of spectacular growth. But the authors of this paper maintain that this policy is showing signs of being outmoded. The time has come, the authors argue, for the Korean government to stop managing the economy's structural development and to redefine the responsibilities of business and government. Under this proposed compact, the allocation of resources would shift from the government to the private industrial and financial sectors. The transformation of the government bureaucracy from an ad hoc policy role to one of a transparent and predictable regulator is a key to the success of this undertaking. These new directions would present the government with enormous challenges. Greater competitive discipline and regulatory oversight would be required. While dealing with the complexities of the transition, the government would have to maintain macroeconomic stability and the momentum of savings and investment. For comparison, the study examines the industrial economies of France, Germany, Japan, and the United States, which underwent similar shifts.
Download or read book Malaria Methods and Protocols written by Denise L. Doolan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Plasmodium spp. parasite was identified as the causative agent of malaria in 1880, and the mosquito was identified as the vector in 1897. Despite subsequent efforts focused on the epidemiology, cell biology, immunology, molecular biology, and clinical manifestations of malaria and the Plasmodium parasite, there is still no licensed vaccine for the prevention of malaria. Physical barriers (bed nets, window screens) and chemical prevention methods (insecticides and mosquito repellents) intended to interfere with the transmission of the disease are not highly effective, and the profile of resistance of the parasite to chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic agents is increasing. The dawn of the new millennium has seen a resurgence of interest in the disease by government and philanthropic organizations, but we are still faced with compl- ities of the parasite, the host, and the vector, and the interactions among them. Malaria Methods and Protocols offers a comprehensive collection of protocols describing conventional and state-of-the-art techniques for the study of malaria, as well as associated theory and potential problems, written by experts in the field. The major themes reflected here include assessing the risk of infection and severity of disease, laboratory models, diagnosis and typing, molecular biology techniques, immunological techniques, cell biology techniques, and field applications.
Download or read book Malaria written by Irwin W. Sherman and published by Amer Society for Microbiology. This book was released on 1998-01 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every 30 seconds a death is caused by Malaria. This book brings together recent advances in our understanding of the basic biology, genetics and pathogenesis of malaria, to facilitate the rapid generation of new insights and interventions. Each chapter is written by a leading expert(s), and serves as both a useful introduction to the area and a helpful set of references. Malaria: Parasite Biology, Pathogenesis and Protection is a useful entry point for graduate and medical students, scientists and individuals engaged in a subspecialty of Malaria research, as well as those who are simply interested in getting a grasp on the present status of this ever burgeoning public health problem.
Download or read book Nanocarrier Technologies written by M. Reza Mozafari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-24 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed as an advanced survey of the field, this book describes the key research parameters of nanocarrier technologies. It is the first book with this topic. It comprises a collection of scientific articles from top research people in the field and provides an up-to-date source containing recent citation and bibliography. The book is an indispensable source of information for new researchers and scientists.
Download or read book Vascular Endothelium written by John D. Catravas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph contains the proceedings from the Advanced Study Institute on "Vascular Endothelium: Physiological Basis of Clinical Problems" which took place in Corfu, Greece in June 1990. The meeting consisted of twenty-eight lectures, most of them adapted as full length papers in this volume, as well as numerous short oral and poster communications which are abstracted and also included in alphabetical order (pages 239-302). There were ninety-six participants from ten NATO and four other European countries. The meeting was the second in as many years dealing with a specific subject in Endothelial Cell biology. Following the 1988 discussion on "Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms", the present ASI recognized and tried to deal with the increasing overlap in interest between basic scientists studying endothelial cell functions and clinicians facing problems of known or suspected endothelial pathological involvement. As with any similar effort, we opted to be selective, rather than fail by trying to be inclusive, in the subjects covered. We chose to discuss diseases, such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, ARDS and stroke, based on their relevance to endothelial cell function and urgent need for new insights into their pathogenesis and treatment. Similarly, we examined endothelial cell functions by considering their relevance to disease and their potential for elucidating important pathologies. Obviously, some areas were covered superficially or not at all; this should not distract from their importance, but rather reflect on the constraints of time and -not at all negligibly -the bias of the organizing committee.
Download or read book Diagnostic Medical Parasitology written by Lynne Shore Garcia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 1388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diagnostic Medical Parasitology covers all aspects of human medical parasitology and provides detailed, comprehensive, relevant diagnostic methods in one volume. The new edition incorporates newly recognized parasites, discusses new and improved diagnostic methods, and covers relevant regulatory requirements and has expanded sections detailing artifact material and histological diagnosis, supplemented with color images throughout the text.
Download or read book Neonatal Hematology written by Pedro A. de Alarcón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hematologic problems in the neonate, covering erythrocyte disorders, leukocyte disorders, immunologic disorders and hemostatic disorders. Guidance is practical, including blood test interpretation, advice on transfusions and reference ranges for hematological values.
Download or read book The Complete Spleen written by Anthony J. Bowdler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-04 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thoroughly revised and updated second edition, a panel of distinguished clinical researchers from around the world takes stock of the wealth of new knowledge about the human spleen and applies it to the pathology and treatment of splenic diseases. This much enriched understanding encompasses the spleen's complex role in immunological defense, the recently defined function of particulate filtration by the spleen, and the structural basis for the functions of the spleen, most particularly the microvasculature around which it is organized. Among the diseases and disorders of the spleen considered in detail are splenomegaly, the consequences and management of hyper- and hyposplenism, and "dilutional anemia." Recent advances in splenic surgery are also reviewed, especially those techniques intended to preserve at least partial function while removing the greater part of the organ.
