Download or read book tude de la consommation de substances psychoactives et de ses facteurs associ s written by Quentin Joye and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'étude de la consommation de substances psychoactives en population étudiante est un sujet de plus en plus abordé au cours des 20 dernières années, et constitue une préoccupation compte-tenu des évolutions observées dans cette population de sujets jeunes à risque de conséquences à long terme. Cependant, la grande hétérogénéité des études nous a conduit a réalisé une méta-analyse, avec comme objectif principal, la comparaison des consommations dans les filières de santé et des autres cursus universitaires, et comme objectifs secondaires, l'impact des facteurs géographiques et temporels, ainsi que les déterminants en termes de santé mentale. La méta-analyse a été réalisée à partir de 13 bases de données, permettant de collecter 193 articles, dont 42 ont rempli les critères d'inclusion, couvrant la période de 1978 à 2021, issus de 11 pays et incluant 117 217 sujets. Après extraction et homogénéisation des résultats, l'analyse a été conduite avec le logiciel Jamovi (version 1.6.23), selon le modèle aléatoire de DerSimonian-Laird. Différents modérateurs d'intérêts ont été évalués à l'aide de méta-régressions lorsque le nombre d'études était suffisant. Un étudiant sur cinq a consommé une "drogue" au moins une fois dans sa vie, l'âge moyen et le statut fumeur apparaissant positivement associés. Un tiers des étudiants ont consommé du cannabis au moins une fois dans sa vie, les modérateurs positivement associés étant l'ancienneté de l'étude, la zone Etats-Unis - Canada et la filière santé. Concernant l'alcool, 1% des étudiants avaient une consommation quotidienne, avec comme modérateurs positivement associés la zone Tunise-Inde-Liban, un âge plus jeune et la consommation d'amphétamines au moins une fois dans sa vie. La consommation sur un mode "binge drinking" concernait 21% des étudiants, avec comme modérateurs positivement associés un âge plus jeune, le statut fumeur et la filière santé. Concernant les médicaments psychoactifs, 13% des étudiants en avaient consommés au moins une fois dans sa vie, avec comme modérateurs négativement associés le ratio hommes-femmes, le statut fumeur et la consommation d'ecstasy. Cependant pour l'ensemble de ces résultats, il existait une grande hétérogénéité (I2 > 75 %). Seules 7 études ont évalué les symptômes anxieux et dépressifs (échelle HAD), plus fréquemment lorsqu'ils s'agissaient d'étudiants en santé. Les scores d'anxiété étaient plus élevés que ceux de la dépression, 4 études dont 2 concernant les filières de santé indiquaient des scores anormaux d'anxiété. Les 7 études évaluant la perception du stress (échelle PSS) ont montré des scores plus élevés lorsqu'il s'agissait d'étudiants issus des filières hors santé. Ce travail a permis de faire un état des lieux des consommations en milieu étudiant, prenant en compte leurs évolutions et leurs différences géographiques, ainsi que les déterminants en termes de santé mentale même si ces derniers ont été peu étudiés. Conformément aux évolutions des pratiques, la polyconsommation est fréquente, et le statut fumeur constituerait un indicateur pertinent. Les étudiants en santé se sont distingués par des consommations supérieures, un niveau d'anxiété plus élevé mais une plus faible perception du stress comparativement aux étudiants des autres cursus. Il existe cependant des biais dans cette analyse, entre autres liés à un nombre important d'études françaises, et des limites liées à une hétérogénéité des indicateurs utilisés, de la qualité et de la comparabilité des études incluses. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives visant notamment à comprendre les spécificités de la filière santé au travers d'une étude qui apporterait des réponses aux questions soulevées par cette méta-analyse, ainsi que la mise en place d'actions de repérage (exemple du statut fumeur), de prévention et d'accompagnement au sein des différentes filières d'étudiants.
Download or read book Stages and Pathways of Drug Involvement written by Denise Bystryn Kandel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-04 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Publisher-supplied data) This book represents the first systematic discussion of the Gateway Hypothesis, a developmental hypothesis formulated to model how adolescents initiate and progress in the use of various drugs. In the United States, this progression proceeds from the use of tobacco or alcohol to the use of marijuana and other illicit drugs. This volume presents a critical overview of what is currently known about the Gateway Hypothesis. The authors of the chapters explore the hypothesis from various perspectives ranging from developmental social psychology to prevention and intervention science, animal models, neurobiology and analytical methodology. This volume is original and unique in its purview, covering a broad view of the Gateway Hypothesis. The juxtaposition of epidemiological, intervention, animal and neurobiological studies represents a new stage in the evolution of drug research, in which epidemiology and biology inform one another in the understanding of drug abuse.
Download or read book Cover Crops in West Africa written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1998 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Crops in West Africa Contributing to Sustainable Agriculture
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Psychiatry written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing ADHD in the presence of substance use disorders written by Frieda Matthys and published by Gompel&Svacina. This book was released on 2018 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ADHD is a highly comorbid disorder in patients with substance use disorders (SUD). This comorbid patient population is, however, often undertreated. Diagnosing ADHD in patients with SUD is not easy due to the large overlap of the ADHD characteristics with symptoms of intoxication and withdrawal. These patients often disappear prematurely from the treatment services, on the one hand because their untreated ADHD symptoms make it more diffi cult to follow the therapy, on the other hand because the treatment programs do not take their limitations into account. Caregivers expressed a great need for concrete tools to work with these patients. Therefore, “Managing ADHD in the presence of substance use disorders” consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The different aspects of the treatment are described from various therapeutic perspectives, and elaborated in ten modules with downloadable worksheets. “This is a practical and insightful book that I highly recommend to both novice and experienced clinicians alike.” Frances R. Levin, MD PhD, Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute “For the fi rst time clinical and scientifi c knowledge is summarized and integrated in a handsome format. In addition, this book can be used by clinicians and patients in the context of psychoeducation and as a shared decision making aid.” Wim van den Brink, MD PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Addiction, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
Download or read book Epidemics and Ideas written by Terence Ranger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From plague to AIDS, epidemics have been the most spectacular diseases to afflict human societies. This volume examines the way in which these great crises have influenced ideas, how they have helped to shape theological, political and social thought, and how they have been interpreted and understood in the intellectual context of their time.
Download or read book Diagnosing and Treating Addictions written by Merville Vincent and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth look at the disease of addiction and how to treat it. Diagnosing and Treating Addictions provides clinicians, counselors, doctors and families with a clear and concise understanding of substance use disorders. Written by a leading psychiatrist, Dr. Merville Vincent has over twenty years' experience treating addiction and concurrent mental health disorders. Based on the most recent research, Dr. Vincent guides you through the process of screening and diagnosing a patient with a substance use disorder all the way to the treatment phase. He explains different treatment options and therapies, including a detailed examination of residential rehabilitation. Dr. Vincent's expertise lies in concurrent mental health disorders and he explains how some of the most common disorders interact with addiction. Illustrated with case studies, Diagnosing and Treating Addictions contains everything professionals need to know to help those suffering with addiction. Topics include: What causes addiction? Pharmacology Screening methods for clinicians Behavioural addictions Withdrawal and detoxification An extensive section on concurrent disorders such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders and psychosis Treatment options and outcomes Hot topics such as prescription opiate addiction, medical marijuana and occupational addiction
Download or read book Women and Addiction written by Kathleen T. Brady and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2009-04-02 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, addiction research focused almost exclusively on men. Yet scientific awareness of sex and gender differences in substance use disorders has grown tremendously in recent decades. This volume brings together leading authorities to review the state of the science and identify key directions for research and clinical practice. Concise, focused chapters illuminate how biological and psychosocial factors influence the etiology and epidemiology of substance use disorders in women; their clinical presentation, course, and psychiatric comorbidities; treatment access; and treatment effectiveness. Prevalent substances of abuse are examined, as are issues facing special populations.
Download or read book Biosocialities Genetics and the Social Sciences written by Sahra Gibbon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-07-20 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosocialities, Genetics and the Social Sciences explores the social, cultural and economic transformations that result from innovations in genomic knowledge and technology. This pioneering collection uses Paul Rabinow’s concept of biosociality to chart the shifts in social relations and ideas about nature, biology and identity brought about by developments in biomedicine. Based on new empirical research, it contains chapters on genomic research into embryonic stem cell therapy, breast cancer, autism, Parkinson’s and IVF treatment, as well as on the expectations and education surrounding genomic research. It covers four main themes: novel modes of identity and identification, such as genetic citizenship the role of institutions, ranging from disease advocacy organizations and voluntary organizations to the state the production of biological knowledge, novel life-forms, and technologies the generation of wealth and commercial interests in biology. Including an afterword by Paul Rabinow and case studies on the UK, US, Canada, Germany, India and Israel, this book is key reading for students and researchers of the new genetics and the social sciences – particularly medical sociologists, medical anthropologists and those involved with science and technology studies.
Download or read book Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector written by Philipp Fluri and published by DCAF. This book was released on 2003 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vulnerability to Drug Abuse written by Meyer Glantz and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 1992 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text offers insights into the complex and disturbing questions of drug abuse by examining the range of factors that affect vulnerability, focusing specifically on factors and patterns associated with the transition from drug use to drug abuse.
Download or read book Community Management of Opioid Overdose written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated 69000 people die each year from opioid overdose. Opioid overdose is easily reversed with the opioid antidote naloxone and with basic life support. Such care is generally only available in medical settings, however. These guidelines recommend that people who are likely to witness an opioid overdose, including people who use opioids, and their family and friends should be given access to naloxone and training in its use so that they can respond to opioid overdose in an emergency if a medical response is not available. Naloxone can be injected or administered intra-nasally and has minimal effects in people who have not used opioids. While naloxone administered by bystanders is a potentially life-saving emergency interim response to opioid overdose, it should not be seen as a replacement for comprehensive medical care.
Download or read book Canadian Guidelines for Sexual Health Education written by and published by Community Acquired Infections Division Centre for Infectious. This book was released on 2008 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 2E1 Its Role in Disease and Drug Metabolism written by Aparajita Dey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with various clinical aspects of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) which is a potent source for oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is critical for pathogenesis of diseases and CYP2E1 is a major contributor for oxidative stress. Several clinical disorders are associated with changes in regulation of CYP2E1 and the consequent abnormalities which include alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic pancreatitis, carcinogenesis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, hepatitis C virus infection, reproductive organ toxicity, hepatocellular and cholestatic liver cirrhosis, inhibition of bone repair, cross-tolerance in smokers and people treated with nicotine, disorders of central nervous system, changes in metabolism of protoxicants in the circulatory system and susceptibility to human papillomavirus infection. Hence, CYP2E1 emerges as a new and potent player in aggravating injury and furthering disease complications.
Download or read book Adverse Syndromes and Psychiatric Drugs written by Peter Haddad and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-05-27 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmacotherapy is an important part of the treatment of major phychiatric disorders. Although psychiatric drugs can have benefits for patients, adverse syndromes are common, causing distress for patients. This book will help psychiatrists, GPs pharmacists and nurses manage adverse syndromes associated with psychiatric drugs.
Download or read book Crime and the Community written by Frank Tannenbaum and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mental Retardation written by American Association on Mental Retardation and published by American Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The workbook summarises and highlights some of the key information from the text, mental retardation :definition, classification and systems of supports , and demonstrates how to implement the system. It will assist in the diagnosis of mental retardation and to identify strengths and limitations, and planning individual supports for clients .
