Download or read book Tritium Measurement Techniques written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by Ncrp. This book was released on 1976 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As a consequence of the increasing importance of tritium resulting from nuclear fission and neutron activation, from its use in accelerators, from its use in research and industry, and from its use in the investigation of the environment and its distribution in the environment, the NCRP designated a scientific committee to prepare a report on the currently acceptable methods of measuring tritium. This report is particularly aimed in assisting an individual to select a procedure suitable to the problem at hand." --From Preface, page iii.
Download or read book Tritium Measurement Techniques written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements NCRP. and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Measurement Techniques written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Measurement Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Measurement Techniques written by NCRP. and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurement Techniques for Tritium and Carbon 14 written by Bommadeni Arun and published by Self Employed. This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium and radiocarbon are pure beta emitters. Tritium has an average energy of 5.7 keV and endpoint energy of 18.6 keV [1]. Radiocarbon has an average energy of 49.5 keV and endpoint energy of 156 keV. The half-life of tritium and radiocarbon is 12.3 years and 5730 years, respectively. Hydrogen has three isotopes, namely hydrogen (1H), deuterium (2H), and tritium (3H). Among the three isotopes, tritium alone is a radioactive isotope. The natural abundance of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are 99.985%, 0.015%, and 1x10-18%. Carbon is also having three isotopes 12C, 13C, and 14C. The isotopes 12C and 13C are stable, whereas 14C is radioactive. The natural abundance of 12C, 13C and 14C are approximately 98.89%%, 1.11% and 1.2 x 10-10% respectively. Tritium is continuously produced in the atmosphere with cosmic-ray induced neutron activation of atmospheric gases. The reaction occurs with fast neutrons. The threshold neutron energy for the 14N (1n, 3H) 12C is 4 MeV [1].
Download or read book NCRP Reports Tritium measurement techniques 105 p written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Measurement Techniques Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical Use of X Rays and Gamma Rays of Energies Up to 10 MeV Environmental Radiation Measurements Radiation Protection Design Guidelines for 0 1 100 MeV Particle Accelerator Facilities written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Low Cost Measurement Technique detection and Concentration of Tritium in Water written by Jerrold J. Burnett and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Techniques for the Measurement of Tritium written by J.A.B. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques for the Determination of Tritium written by Myra S. Feldman and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Measurement Technique Using In bed Calorimetry written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the new technologies that has been introduced to the Savannah River Site (SRS) is the production scale use of metal hydride technology to store, pump, and compress hydrogen isotopes. For tritium stored in metal hydride storage beds, a unique relationship does not exist between the amount of tritium in the bed and the pressure-volume-temperature properties of the hydride material. Determining the amount of tritium in a hydride bed after desorbing the contents of the bed to a tank and performing pressure, volume, temperature, and composition (PVTC) measurements is not practical due to long desorption/absorption times and the inability to remove tritium heels'' from the metal hydride materials under normal processing conditions. To eliminate the need to remove tritium from hydride storage beds for measurement purposes, and in-bed'' tritium calorimetric measurement technique has been developed. The steady-state temperature rise of a gas stream flowing through a jacketed metal hydride storage bed is measured and correlated with power input to electric heaters used to simulate the radiolytic power generated by the decay of tritium to 3He. Temperature rise results for prototype metal hydride storage beds and the effects of using different gases in the bed are shown. Linear regression results shows that for 95% confidence intervals, temperature rise measurements can be obtained in 14 hours and have an accuracy of {plus minus}1.6% of a tritium filled hydride storage bed.
Download or read book Measurement of Tritium Surface Contamination written by S. W Porter (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper describes several methods and techniques for measuring tritium surface contamination in reactor, accelerator, and tritium oxide environments. The problems associated with the presently used method of windowless flow proportional counting are discussed. A new method of utilizing special membrane swipe papers counted in a liquid scintillation system is described. The data from single channel and channel ratio liquid scintillation counting techniques, various swipe papers and various tritium absorption agents are presented with a statistical analysis. Various factors affecting liquid scintillating counting of inorganic tritium are discussed. This method gives approximately 20 percent efficiency with good statistics versus 1 percent efficiency and very poor counting statistics for flow proportional counting of tritium on swipe papers. From the standpoint of overall counting efficiency, reproducibility of counts, ease of counting, and physical strength, the vinyl membrane VM-1 paper counted in dioxane has been found to be best for general tritium surface contamination measurements. (Author).
Download or read book Methods for measuring tritium written by R. V. Osborne and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring of Tritium contaminated Surfaces Including Skin written by R. A. Surette and published by Chalk River, Ont. : Radiation Biology and Health Physics Branch, Chalk River Laboratories. This book was released on 1994 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dcc-1 and dcc-2 experiments have provided the first data on dryout and quench behavior of internally heated uo2 debris in water. the pressure range of this data extends from 1 to 170 atmoshperes. both of the experiments used the annual core research reactor (acrr) at sandia national laboratories to simulate the effects of radioactive decay heating. the debris in dcc-1 ranged from 75 microns to in excess of 10 mm in diameter, with a mean diameter of 0.75 mm. the bed depth was 0.5 m and the porosity was 0.345. dryout heat fluxes ranged from about 41 kw/m sup(2) (0.021 w/g) at a saturation temperature of 100 degrees celcius to about 69 kw/m sup(2) (0.021 w/g) at 340 degrees celcius. this measured pressure dependence is a factor of two to three lower than predicted by the analytical models. this is believed to be due to the breadth of the debris distribution, but the evidence is inconclusive. quenches of dried debris took hours to complete. quench fronts progressed uniformly without the liquid fingers observed in large particle tests. the debris distribution in dcc-2 was much narrower than in dcc 1, with the majority of particles having diameters between 0.5 and 8 mm. a small amount of "fines" with diameters down to 75 microns was added to the mixture. in dcc-2, thermally stable local dry zones were observed at bed power below the conventional dryout point. these are believed to be caused by the concentration of fines creating a low permeability zone. data on global dryout, in which the bed bottom can dry out, agree well with analytical predictions. quenches of dry zones took about 10 minutes to complete. the quench fronts were not uniform, having a liquid finger which penetrated to the bottom of the bed before the quench was complete.
Download or read book Tritium Fuel of Fusion Reactors written by Tetsuo Tanabe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on tritium as a fuel for fusion reactors and a next-generation energy source. Following an introduction of tritium as a hydrogen radioisotope, important issues involved in establishing safe and economical tritium fuel cycles including breeding for a fusion reactor are summarized; these include the handling of large amounts of tritium: confinement, leakage, contamination, permeation, regulation and tritium accountancy, and impacts on surrounding areas. Targeting and encouraging the students and technicians who will design and operate fusion reactors in the near future, this book offers a valuable resource on tritium science and technology.
Download or read book Measurement of Tritium Content in Madison Formation Water Wells with Two Different Techniques written by M. Sadegh Rabbani R. and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
