Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in S o Paulo written by Joffre Dan Swait and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urban Transport Environment and Equity written by Eduardo Alcantara Vasconcellos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional transport planning has generated transport systems that propagate an unfair distribution of accessibility and have environmental and safety issues. This book highlights the importance of social and political aspects of transport policy and provides a methodology to support this approach. It emphasizes the importance of co-ordinating urban, transport and traffic planning, and addresses the major challenge of modifying the building and use of roads. The author makes suggestions for innovative and radical new measures towards an equitable and sustainable urban environment.

Download or read book Discourse Analysis in Transport and Urban Development written by Robin Hickman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-20 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on discourse analysis as an emerging field in transport and urban development, this innovative book takes a novel approach to examining the different interpretations, diversity of views and controversy in society.

Download or read book Tentative First Steps written by Bernard Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stock Market Development and Firm Financing Choices written by Aslı Demirgüç-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rural Nonfarm Employment written by Jean Olson Lanjouw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Credit Policies written by Dimitri Vittas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Air Pollution and Mortality written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Equity Markets Transaction Costs and Capital Accumulation written by Valerie R. Bencivenga and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Worker Displacement During the Transition written by Peter F. Orazem and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The transition to market in Slovenia created labor displacements that were on par or greater than that experienced in North America in the 1980s. A simple theoretical model suggests that factors which raise the probability of layoff should also increase the probability of a quit, predictions that are borne out in data. Probability of both layoffs and quits fell with worker tenure, firm profitability and expected severance costs. Individuals facing a higher probability of displacement accepted slower wage growth than otherwise comparable workers. The incentives to avoid displacement were strong -- workers that actually were displaced faced a slow process of transiting out of unemployment with only one-third finding reemployment. Correcting for selection, real wage losses for displaced workers are comparable to those reported for displaced workers in North America"--Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit web site.

Download or read book Efficiency and Equity Considerations in Pricing and Allocating Irrigation Water written by Yacov Tsur and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book child labor written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pension Funds in Central Europe and Russia written by Dimitri Vittas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The 1985 94 global real estate cycle its causes and consequences written by Bertrand Renaud and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Does Decentralization Increase Spending on Public Infrastructure written by Antonio Estache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: May 1995 Decentralization tends to increase both total and subnational spending on public infrastructure. Why this is so is not clear -- possibly because subnational governments' choices in terms of quality and quantity of infrastructure differ from central governments' choices. It is commonly argued that when the benefits of an infrastructure service are mostly local and there is little scope for economies of scale -- as in urban transit, road maintenance, water supply, and solid waste management -- decentralization is the most effective way to deliver service. Those services have been decentralized in many countries, and many others are rapidly decentralizing. The central government is still responsible for many other infrastructure services, such as power and telecommunications, but this too is changing as the responsibility is increasingly transferred to subnational governments. Recent technological innovations reduce the need for services to be provided by monopolistic utilities. Power generation and distribution can now be handled competitively by decentralized units, and parts of some local telephone monopolies will increasingly meet competition from wireless telephones and rival wireline systems. How has increased decentralization affected spending levels on infrastructure? The outcome reflects the net outcome of opposing effects. Spending increases if the subnational government makes infrastructure a higher priority than the federal government did, if they are less effective at delivering services, or if they give up the benefits of economies of scale to get more autonomy. Spending decreases if they assign infrastructure a lower priority, or if most projects are more cost-effective. In their analysis, Estache and Sinha focus on spending levels and ignore the reasons these levels change, so no conclusions can be made about whether decentralization makes spending more or less efficient. Among the conclusions they offer: * Decentralization tends to increase both total and subnational spending on infrastructure -- possibly because the preferences of subnational governments in terms of quality and quantity of infrastructure are different from the central government's preferences. * The conventional wisdom is true: For decentralization, policymakers everywhere must guarantee a balance between revenue and spending assignment. A good way to offset the impact of decentralization on spending levels is to increase the imbalance between revenue and spending assignments. * Be careful about applying lessons learned in industrial countries to decentralization in developing countries. What happens in industrial countries may help assess the decentralization's impact on total spending in developing countries, because the elasticity of per capita infrastructure spending is roughly similar in both countries (about 0.3 in developing countries and about 0.2 in industrial countries). But that is not a good indicator for subnational spending, for which the elasticity is greater than 1 in developing countries (between 1.1 and 1.3, depending on how decentralization is measured) and less than 1 in industrial countries (between 0.7 and 0.9). This paper -- a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics -- is a background paper for World Development Report 1994 on infrastructure.

Download or read book Rationing Can Backfire written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Traveler Behavior and Values 2006 written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: