Download or read book A History of Western Astrology written by S. J. Tester and published by Boydell & Brewer Ltd. This book was released on 1987 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superb general account.' Times Literary Supplement The story of the history of Western astrology begins with the philosophers of Greece in the 5th century BC. To the magic and stargazing of Egypt the Greeks added numerology, geometryand rational thought. The philosophy of Plato and later of the Stoics made astrology respectable, and by the time Ptolemy wrote his textbook the Tetrabiblos, in the second century AD, the main lines of astrological practice as it is known today had already been laid down. In future centuries astrology shifted to Islam only to return to the West in medieval times where it flourished until the shift of ideas during the Renaissance.

Download or read book Secret Science written by María M. Portuondo and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of the New World raised many questions for early modern scientists: What did these lands contain? Where did they lie in relation to Europe? Who lived there, and what were their inhabitants like? Imperial expansion necessitated changes in the way scientific knowledge was gathered, and Spanish cosmographers in particular were charged with turning their observations of the New World into a body of knowledge that could be used for governing the largest empire the world had ever known. As María M. Portuondo here shows, this cosmographic knowledge had considerable strategic, defensive, and monetary value that royal scientists were charged with safeguarding from foreign and internal enemies. Cosmography was thus a secret science, but despite the limited dissemination of this body of knowledge, royal cosmographers applied alternative epistemologies and new methodologies that changed the discipline, and, in the process, how Europeans understood the natural world.

Download or read book The Analytic Art written by François Viète and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historic work consists of several treatises that developed the first consistent, coherent, and systematic conception of algebraic equations. Originally published in 1591, it pioneered the notion of using symbols of one kind (vowels) for unknowns and of another kind (consonants) for known quantities, thus streamlining the solution of equations. Francois Viète (1540-1603), a lawyer at the court of King Henry II in Tours and Paris, wrote several treatises that are known collectively as The Analytic Art. His novel approach to the study of algebra developed the earliest articulated theory of equations, allowing not only flexibility and generality in solving linear and quadratic equations, but also something completely new—a clear analysis of the relationship between the forms of the solutions and the values of the coefficients of the original equation. Viète regarded his contribution as developing a "systematic way of thinking" leading to general solutions, rather than just a "bag of tricks" to solve specific problems. These essays demonstrate his method of applying his own ideas to existing usage in ways that led to clear formulation and solution of equations.

Download or read book Matemax English Spanish Edition written by ALICIA. SABIA DICKENSTEIN (JUAN.) and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MATEMAX is a bilingual schoolbook of mathematical problems written with the premise that one of the fundamental ways of learning mathematics, in addition to being one of the goals of the subject, is to solve problems. The book is designed for children and young teens and aims to teach mathematics in an entertaining way. Problems are based on familiar everyday situations, and helpful hints guide students to develop strategies before diving into calculations, leading to practice in abstract thinking, an essential feature of mathematics. Presented in both English and Spanish it also provides equal access to students, parents and teachers with facility in either or both languages. An online supplement is available upon request at [email protected]. This companion book provides complete solutions, alternative methods and additional suggestions to complement the short answers contained in the book. In addition, while problems are arranged in the book as they appear naturally in life, the companion text connects the mathematical tools with standard curricula. Here is a sampling of those pages. MATEMAX es un libro escolar bilingüe de problemas matemáticos escrito bajo la premisa de que una de las formas fundamentales de aprender matemática, además de ser uno de los objetivos de la asignatura, es resolver problemas. El libro está diseñado para niños y adolescentes y tiene como objetivo enseñar matemática de una manera entretenida. Los problemas se basan en situaciones cotidianas familiares, y sugerencias útiles guían a los estudiantes para desarrollar estrategias antes de sumergirse en los cálculos, lo que lleva a la práctica del pensamiento abstracto, una característica esencial de la matemática. Presentado tanto en inglés como en español, también proporciona un acceso igual a estudiantes, padres y maestros con facilidad en uno o ambos idiomas. Un suplemento en línea está disponible a pedido en [email protected]. Este libro acompañante proporciona soluciones completas, métodos alternativos y sugerencias adicionales para complementar las respuestas cortas contenidas en el libro. Además, mientras que los problemas están ubicados en el libro como aparecen naturalmente en la vida, el texto complementario conecta las herramientas matemáticas con los planes de estudio estándar. Aquí hay una muestra de esas páginas.

Download or read book Resolution of Curve and Surface Singularities in Characteristic Zero written by K. Kiyek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Curves The Point of View of Max Noether Probably the oldest references to the problem of resolution of singularities are found in Max Noether's works on plane curves [cf. [148], [149]]. And probably the origin of the problem was to have a formula to compute the genus of a plane curve. The genus is the most useful birational invariant of a curve in classical projective geometry. It was long known that, for a plane curve of degree n having l m ordinary singular points with respective multiplicities ri, i E {1, . . . , m}, the genus p of the curve is given by the formula = (n - l)(n - 2) _ ~ "r. (r. _ 1) P 2 2 L. . ,. •• . Of course, the problem now arises: how to compute the genus of a plane curve having some non-ordinary singularities. This leads to the natural question: can we birationally transform any (singular) plane curve into another one having only ordinary singularities? The answer is positive. Let us give a flavor (without proofs) 2 on how Noether did it • To solve the problem, it is enough to consider a special kind of Cremona trans formations, namely quadratic transformations of the projective plane. Let ~ be a linear system of conics with three non-collinear base points r = {Ao, AI, A }, 2 and take a projective frame of the type {Ao, AI, A ; U}.

Download or read book Rural Women in Latin America written by Isis International and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Extent of Poverty in Latin America written by Oscar Altimir and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work originated in a research project for the measurement and analysis of income distribution in the Latin American countries, undertaken jointly by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the World Bank. The present paper presents estimates of the extent of absolute poverty for ten Latin American countries and for the region as a whole in the 1970s, on the basis of available household surveys and population censuses. They are based on country-specific poverty lines representing minimum acceptable levels of private consumption, drawn according to a food-based method. Such poverty lines - ranging from 150 to 250 dollars of annual household consumption per capita - express a normative definition of the absolute dimensions of poverty, partly based on expert appraisals and partly reflecting the actual behavior of low income households facing the life style projected by Latin American development. According to these estimates, 40 percent of Latin American households were poor at the beginning of the 1970s, the incidence of poverty being 26 percent in urban areas and 60 percent in rural areas. Urban poverty extended to more than one-third of urban households in some countries (Brazil, Colombia, Honduras) while affecting between 20 and 30 percent in others (Peru, Mexico, Venezuela), about 15 percent in Costa Rica and Chile and less than 10 percent in Argentina and Uruguay. The extent of poverty in rural areas would not be less than 20 percent in any case and would reach more than 60 percent in some countries. The corresponding poverty gaps were also estimated; in terms of total household income, they may represent manageable proportions (around 2-3 percent) in the better-off countries, but are in the 4-8 percent range in the bigger countries of the region and reach as much as 12 percent in Peru and 17 percent in Honduras.

Download or read book Learning Mathematics written by Robert Benjamin Davis and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of Experimental Science 1100 1700 written by Alistair Cameron Crombie and published by Oxford, Clarendon P. This book was released on 1953 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Historical scholarship in the last half-century has found the origins of modern science long before the so-called Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century, has demonstrated in fact that the modern science of the West began in the thirteenth century withe the Western response to the new Latin translations from Greek and Arabic. Dr. Crombie has shown in this study that the outstanding contribution of the natural philosophers of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries to the Western scientific tradition was their understanding of the systematic use of experiment in scientific investigation and explanation. This contribution marks one of the great stages in the history of science, comparable with the development of geometry by the Greeks and of the mathematics of motion in the seventeenth century. Uniting Greek geometrical methods with the practical tradition of Western and Arab technology, Western scholars, beginning with Robert Grosseteste and his followers in Oxford, systematically developed methods of induction and experimental verification and falsification which have remained a permanent part of scientific procedure. The book begins with a sketch of the philosophical and technological background to thirteenth-century science. It goes on to give a detailed analysis of Grosseteste's ideas on the logic of science and the development of these ideas in Oxford from Roger Bacon to William of Ockham and Thomas Bradwardine. Then follows an account of the influence of Oxford ideas on scientific method in Paris and other continental centres. Examples are given of the use of the new experimental method in investigating concrete problems. especially in optics, astronomy, and magnetics. The theory of the rainbow, first attempted by Grosseteste and successfully advanced in the essentials detail. The book concludes by tracing the influence of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century writings on the rainbow and on the nature of light down to Descartes and Newton, and the influence of the writings on scientific method down to Francis Bacon, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton."- Publisher

Download or read book Redistributive Effects of Government Programmes written by Alejandro Foxley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Redistributive Effects of Government Programmes: The Chilean Case examines the government redistributive policy in Chile over the period 1964 until 1973. The book looks into the incidence of taxation, government expenditure, and social security operations on different income groups. The text also notes the critical factors which limited vertical redistribution effects of fiscal policy. The role of asset redistribution in poverty-focused development strategies is also explained. This monograph will be useful to those interested in Chile and concerned with economic development in general.

Download or read book A Theory of History written by Agnes Heller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This radical analysis of the role and importance of historiography interprets the philosophy and theory of history on the basis of historicity as a human condition. The book examins the norms and methods of historiography from a philosophical point of view, but rejects generalisations tht the philosophy of history can provide all the answers to contemporary problems. Instead it outlines a feasible theory of history which is still radical enough to apply to all social structures.

Download or read book The Origins of Infinitesimal Calculus written by Margaret E. Baron and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Origins of Infinitesimal Calculus focuses on the evolution, development, and applications of infinitesimal calculus. The publication first ponders on Greek mathematics, transition to Western Europe, and some center of gravity determinations in the later 16th century. Discussions focus on the growth of kinematics in the West, latitude of forms, influence of Aristotle, axiomatization of Greek mathematics, theory of proportion and means, method of exhaustion, discovery method of Archimedes, and curves, normals, tangents, and curvature. The manuscript then examines infinitesimals and indivisibles in the early 17th century and further advances in France and Italy. Topics include the link between differential and integral processes, concept of tangent, first investigations of the cycloid, and arithmetization of integration methods. The book reviews the infinitesimal methods in England and Low Countries and rectification of arcs. The publication is a vital source of information for historians, mathematicians, and researchers interested in infinitesimal calculus.

Download or read book Ptolemy s Geography written by Ptolemy and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ptolemy's Geography is the only book on cartography to have survived from the classical period and one of the most influential scientific works of all time. Written in the second century AD, for more than fifteen centuries it was the most detailed topography of Europe and Asia available and the best reference on how to gather data and draw maps. Ptolemy championed the use of astronomical observation and applied mathematics in determining geographical locations. But more importantly, he introduced the practice of writing down coordinates of latitude and longitude for every feature drawn on a world map, so that someone else possessing only the text of the Geography could reproduce Ptolemy's map at any time, in whole or in part, at any scale. Here Berggren and Jones render an exemplary translation of the Geography and provide a thorough introduction, which treats the historical and technical background of Ptolemy's work, the contents of the Geography, and the later history of the work.

Download or read book On Newton s Classification of Cubic Curves written by Walter William Rouse Ball and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book History of Binary and Other Nondecimal Numeration written by Anton Glaser and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Power and Penury written by David C. Goodman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-15 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reconsideration of the Spanish crown's involvement with technology and the sciences.

Download or read book Me written by William J. Mitchell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the transformation of wireless technology and the creation of an interconnected world are changing our environment and our lives. With Me++ the author of City of Bits and e-topia completes an informal trilogy examining the ramifications of information technology in everyday life. William Mitchell describes the transformation of wireless technology in the hundred years since Marconi—the scaling up of networks and the scaling down of the apparatus for transmission and reception. It is, he says, as if "Brobdingnag had been rebooted as Lilliput"; Marconi's massive mechanism of tower and kerosene engine has been replaced by a palm-size cellphone. If the operators of Marconi's invention can be seen as human appendages to an immobile machine, today's hand-held devices can be seen as extensions of the human body. This transformation has, in turn, changed our relationship with our surroundings and with each other. The cellphone calls from the collapsing World Trade Center towers and the hijacked jets on September 11 were testimony to the intensity of this new state of continuous electronic engagement. Thus, Mitchell proposes, the "trial separation" of bits (the elementary unit of information) and atoms (the elementary unit of matter) is over. With increasing frequency, events in physical space reflect events in cyberspace, and vice versa; digital information can, for example, direct the movement of an aircraft or a robot arm. In Me++ Mitchell examines the effects of wireless linkage, global interconnection, miniaturization, and portability on our bodies, our clothing, our architecture, our cities, and our uses of space and time. Computer viruses, cascading power outages, terrorist infiltration of transportation networks, and cellphone conversations in the streets are symptoms of a dramatic new urban condition—that of ubiquitous, inescapable network interconnectivity. He argues that a world governed less and less by boundaries and more and more by connections requires us to reimagine and reconstruct our environment and to reconsider the ethical foundations of design, engineering, and planning practice.