Download or read book Transport Costs and Natural Integration in Mercosur written by Azita Amjadi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transport Costs and Natural Integration in Mercosur written by L. Alan Winters and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1997 Geographic proximity and lower transportation costs are probably not enough for Mercosur to reap big rewards as a natural trading bloc. Amjadi and Winters explore the argument that trade between the Mercosur countries should be stimulated by preferential policies because of their geographic proximity. That is, that the Mercosur countries are candidates for natural integration. They find that, on average, transportation margins on trade within Mercosur and between Mercosur and Chile are about 6 percentage points lower than on trade with the rest of the world. That is a significant margin, and one that was reflected in the countries' trade patterns even before regional trade agreements reduced the policy-based barriers to mutual trade. But it is probably not large enough, in and of itself (without other benefits), to make the introduction of trade preferences desirable. Amjadi and Winters also explore the argument that absolutely high transportation costs between Mercosur and the rest of the world (that is, not relative to intra-Mercosur costs) justify regional trade preferences. For this to apply the introduction of trade preferences must cause the Mercosur countries to cease importing some goods from the rest of the world completely. While Mercosur-rest-of-the-world transport costs certainly are high, trade patterns suggest that very few goods will cease to be imported from the rest of the world. Finally, Amjadi and Winters find that transport margins on imports are, on average, 2 to 4 percentage points higher for Mercosur countries than for the United States. Further research on why this is so is necessary before one can conclude that avoidable inefficiencies are involved. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort by the department and the Latin America and the Caribbean Region to identify ways to make the most of Mercosur.

Download or read book Integration of Transport and Trade Facilitation written by T. R. Lakshmanan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation With contributions from 35 leading economists, this forward-looking book explores the future of development economics against the background of the past half-century of development thought and practice. Outstanding representatives of the past two generations of development economists assess development thinking at the turn of the century and look to the unsettled questions confronting the next generation. The volume offers a thorough analysis of the broad range of issues involved in development economics, and it is especially timely in its critique of what is needed in development theory and policy to reduce poverty. An overriding issue is whether in the future development economics is to be regarded simply as applied economics or whether the nature and scope of development economics will constitute a need for a special development theory to supplement general economic theory. Frontiers of Development Economics is an ideal reference for all those working in the international development community. A Copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press.

Download or read book Regional Integration and the Prices of Imports written by L. Alan Winters and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Maritime Transport Costs written by Gordon Wilmsmeier and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on in-depth empirical research, this book develops our understanding of maritime transport costs, the maritime industry and the competitiveness of regions in a global market environment through a geographical lens. Further, the book uses a unique set of data that gives an extensive insight into Latin American international maritime transport costs and its determinants. This is a clear call for policy makers and port authorities to strengthen transnational cooperation in order to improve the development of the whole system of maritime transport, focusing on the causes that put regions at risk of becoming peripheral and uncompetitive.

Download or read book Trade costs and the economic fundamentals of the initiative for integration of regional infrastructure in South America IIRSA Working Paper ITD Documento de Trabajo ITD 30 written by Mauricio Mesquita Moreira and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2007 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regional Integration and Development written by Maurice W. Schiff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines regionalism from the perspective of developing countries. It presents a comprehensive account of existing theory and empirical results and incorporates the findings of formal analyses ofthe politics and dynamics of regionalism.

Download or read book Using Economic Policy to Improve Environmental Protection in Pakistan written by Rashid Faruqee and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How China s Government and State Enterprises Partitioned Property and Control Rights written by Lixin Colin Xu and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ownership and Corporate Governance written by Stijn Claessens and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book World Crude Oil Resources written by Gordon Campbell Watkins and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Can Capital Markets Create Incentives for Pollution Control written by Paul Lanoie and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Using Tariff Indices to Evaluate Preferential Trading Arrangements written by Eric Bond and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Long Term Finance written by Gerard Caprio and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Restructuring of Large Firms in Slovakia written by Simeon Djankov and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Moving to Greener Pastures written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applying Economic Analysis to Technical Assistance Projects written by Gary McMahon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: April 1997 Although there is rarely any quantitative economic analysis of technical assistance loans or loan components, the author estimates that roughly 60 percent of the technical assistance in a sample of 40 projects was suitable for quantitative analysis. He also estimates that 80 percent of the technical assistance in the investment loans in his sample was not necessary for project implementation. Moreover, technical assistance was excluded from calculations of the economic rate of return, raising questions about its justification. McMahon recommends using more quantitative economic analysis in appraising technical assistance loans and loan components. After giving a brief history of technical assistance and the problems commonly associated with it, he describes classifications of technical assistance, proposes a new typology to be used for project appraisal, suggests methods for screening projects, and discusses different levels of economic analysis. He shows how the typology and economic analysis could be applied to 40 projects in the Europe and Central Asia region. Although some of the suggested approaches are sophisticated and demanding, much of it relies on fairly simple techniques. McMahon estimates that roughly 60 percent of the technical assistance in his sample was suitable for quantitative analysis. Using four case studies, he demonstrates how quantitative economic analysis could be used more frequently in the appraisal process. McMahon recommends that all technical assistance be classified according to the methodology suitable for its appraisal and evaluation. In cases in which little or no quantitative analysis is used, the staff officer can and should provide a justification - in which case it should still be possible to conceptualize the problem in economic terms. Essential technical assistance should be included when calculating the economic rate of return on a project. When technical assistance is excluded from this calculation, a strong justification for such assistance should be given or it should be omitted from the project. In his sample McMahon estimates that about 80 percent of the technical assistance in investment projects was not essential for project implementation. In the 12 projects for which an economic rate of return was calculated in the appraisal, the technical assistance was not included in the estimate - even though 53 percent of this technical assistance was deemed necessary to the project. This paper - a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study the effectiveness of foreign aid.