Download or read book Translational Control of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4GI Expression written by Marshall Paul Byrd and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Translational Control of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4G Expression written by Weiniu Gan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Translation In Eukaryotes written by Hans Trachsel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-07-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an up-to-date review of the mechanisms and regulation of translation in eukaryotes. Topics covered include the basic biochemical reactions of translation initiation, elongation and termination, and the regulation of these reactions under different physiological conditions and in virus-infected cells. The book belongs on the shelf of everyone interested in translation in eukaryotes, including students and researchers requiring comprehensive overviews of most aspects of translation and instructors who want to cover these topics at an advanced level.

Download or read book Translational Control of Gene Expression written by Nahum Sonenberg and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control.

Download or read book Translational Control by Eukaryotic Initiation Factor eIF 4E and 4G Homologous Proteins written by Ramona Weber and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All living systems rely on appropriate protein synthesis and therefore evolved intricate mechanisms to control their proteome. Especially, the complexity of metazoan multicellular processes requires a strict and multilayered regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, mRNA processing, translation, mRNA stability, and protein modifications and stability. Here, I present work on two research projects that uncovered the hitherto unidentified roles of translation initiation (1) and mRNA decay factors (2) specialized in controlling unconventional mRNA translation and co-translational mRNA stability, respectively. The initiation step of translation commences with the assembly of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex on the mRNA 5 ́ cap structure which facilitates the recruitment of the ribosome to mediate protein synthesis. The eIF4F consists of the cap-binding protein eIF4E, the RNA helicase eIF4A and the scaffolding factor eIF4G. Apart from eIF4G, metazoan cells express other eIF4G-like proteins: eIF4G2 - a.k.a. DAP5/p97/NAT1 - and eIF4G3. Although the different homologs perform non-redundant functions in translation, we lack detailed understanding of their individual contribution to the initiation of protein synthesis. To gain insights into the function of DAP5 in translation initiation, I applied transcriptome (RNA- sequencing) and translatome (ribosome profiling) approaches to CRISPR-Cas9 engineered human HEK293T DAP5-null cells. These approaches allowed the identification of a group of mRNAs with complex 5 ́ untranslated regions (UTRs) that required the DAP5-eIF4A complex for efficient translation. In detail, the 5 ́ UTRs of DAP5 targets harbor strong secondary structures and at least one upstream open reading frame (uORF) that normally sequesters ribosomes from initiation at the main ORF (mORF). In this context, DAP5 is critical for mORF translation as it mediates re-initiation after uORF translation. Taken together, my studies on DAP5 demonstrate how cells control translation initiation using 5 ́ UTR-associated mechanisms. Regulation of translation initiation can also involve additional cap-binding proteins. The eIF4E-homologous protein (4EHP) competes with eIF4E to bind the mRNA 5 ́ cap structure. Unlike eIF4E, 4EHP does not promote translation since it is unable to recruit eIF4G and the ribosome. Instead, 4EHP represses translation and induces mRNA decay with the help of 4EHP-binding factors. The GIGYF1 and GIGYF2 proteins specifically associate with 4EHP and act as scaffolding proteins for GYF domain-associated proteins like tristetraprolin (TTP) or ZNF598, the RNA helicase and decapping activator DDX6, and NOT1 - a subunit of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. When recruited to an mRNA, the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 6 complexes thus elicit translation repression and mRNA decay. Although the molecular mechanisms have been studied in great detail, we only have sparse information on the pool of mRNAs subjected to 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 mediated repression and decay. Analysis of RNA- sequencing and ribosome profiling datasets of 4EHP- and GIGYF1/2-null cells revealed that the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 complexes co-translationally target mRNAs with perturbed ribosome elongation or specific nascent peptide chains for decay. These include, among others, mRNAs encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted proteins, a- and b-tubulin subunits and mRNAs with CAG codon repeats encoding poly-glutamine (Q) stretches. In detail, the 4EHP- GIGYF1/2 complexes are recruited to target mRNAs via the GYF domain-associated proteins and upon binding to the mRNA 5 ́ cap, and DDX6, degrade the bound mRNA. My studies show for the first time how a repressive complex, associated with neurological disorders in animal models and affected humans, specifically minimizes the protein output of a subset of mRNAs. Altogether, I identified a previously unappreciated role of the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 complexes in maintaining protein homeostasis and preventing excessive production of potentially toxic proteins. In summary, my studies increase our understanding of how metazoan cells utilize the translation control toolbox to fine-tune their proteome and react to developmental cues, adapt to environmental changes and maintain homeostasis. The identified translational programs are fundamental for establishing a multicellular organization but at the same time allow the organism to evade cancer and neurological diseases.

Download or read book Translational Regulation of Gene Expression 2 written by J. Ilan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which results from the dramatic increase in interest in the control mechanism employed in gene expression and the importance of the regulated proteins, presents new information not covered in Translational Regulation of Gene Expression, which was published in 1987. It is not a revision of the earlier book but, rather, an extension of that volume witl, special emphasis on mecha nIsm. As the reader will discover, there is enormous diversity in the systems employing genes for translational regulation in order to regulate the appearance of the final product-the protein. Thus, we find that important proteins such as protooncogenes, growth factors, stress proteins, cytokines, lymphokines, iron storage and iron-uptake proteins, and a panorama of prokaryotic proteins, as well as eukaryotic viral proteins, are translationally regulated. Since for some gene products the degree of control is greater by a few orders of magnitude than their transcription, we can state that for these genes, at least, the expression is translationall y controlled. Translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes has emerged in the last few years as a major research field. The present book describes mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria, yeast, and eukaryotic viruses, as well as in eukaryotic genes. In this book we try to provide in-depth coverage by including important examples from each group rather than systematically including all additional systems not described in the previous volume.

Download or read book Examination of the Structure Function and Regulation of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 eIF3 written by Greg Leon Mayeur and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Translational Control written by Michael B. Mathews and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interaction of Translational and Transcriptional Controls in the Regulation of Gene Expression written by Marianne Grunberg-Manago and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interaction of Translational and Transcriptional Controls in the Regulation of Gene Expression presents the proceedings of the Fogarty International Conference on Translational/Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, held at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, on April 7-9, 1982. Speakers discussed the molecular strategies at work during the modulation of gene expression following transcriptional initiation. They also discussed recent developments in a number of key areas in which transcriptional and translational components interact. Organized into five sections encompassing 36 chapters, this volume explores both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, as well as structure-function correlations. It begins with an overview of translational/transcriptional controls in prokaryotes, the regulation of gene expression by transcription termination and RNA processing, and the structure and expression of initiation factor genes. It then examines the effect of the codon context on translational fidelity, including mistranslation of messenger RNA; protein synthesis for the construction of cell architecture; regulation of initiation factor activity; and translational regulation in cells. This book is a valuable resource for Fogarty International Scholars who want to broaden their knowledge and contribute their expertise to the National Institutes of Health community.

Download or read book Translational Control in Eukaryotes written by Alessandra Gradi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In contrast to cellular mRNAs, entero- and rhinovirus RNAs do not possess a cap structure, and their translation is mediated by ribosome binding to an internal ribosome entry site present within the 5' untranslated region. The cleavage of eIF4G induced by the viral protease 2A is thought to be responsible for the shutoff of host protein synthesis in entero- and rhinovirus-infected cells. Nonetheless, in virus-infected cells, a lack of correlation between eIF4GI cleavage and inhibition of host translation is observed. eIF4GII, like eIF4GI, is also cleaved upon viral infection. Here, I present data showing that the kinetics of cleavage of eIF4GII perfectly coincide with the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis observed after entero- and rhinovirus infection. Thus, proteolysis of both eIF4GI and eIF4GII appears to be required for the shutoff of host protein synthesis after entero- and rhinovirus infections." --

Download or read book Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4B eIF4B written by David Shahbazian and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes written by Ekkehard K.F. Bautz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the proceedings of the 24th Mos bach Colloquium on "Regulation of Transcription and Trans lation in Eukaryotes" which was held April 26-28, 1973, in Mosbach, Germany, under the auspices of the Gesellschaft fiir Biologische Chemie. To the three of us (H. KERSTEN, P. KARLSON and myself) who were commissioned with the invitation of speakers, it was a difficult decision as to whether we should attempt to cover with some twenty contributions as many aspects of this broad topic as possible, or to sacrifice the intellectually perhaps more pleasing but more specula tive concepts and to concentrate on a few aspects of gene expression in reasonable detail. We unanimously decided on the latter course, leaving such important and timely topics as for example, hormone action, cyclic AMP and reverse transcription to the proceedings of other symposia, and con centrating on the four questions which are most basic to an understanding of the mechanisms of transcription and trans lation and for which fragmentary but nonetheless reliable experimental results have become available within the last few years. These are the structure of chromatin, the syn thesis of messenger RNA, the structure of the active ribo some, and the role of initiation factors in protein synthesis.

Download or read book Regulation of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor Expression During T cell Activation written by Thomas Boal and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3 eIF3 and 5 MRNA Leader Sequences as Agents of Translational Regulation in Arabidopsis written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein synthesis, or translation, consumes a sizable fraction of the cell's energy budget, estimated at 5% and up to 50% in differentiated and growing cells, respectively. Plants also invest significant energy and biomass to construct and maintain the translation apparatus. Translation is regulated by a variety of external stimuli. Compared to transcriptional control, attributes of translational control include reduced sensitivity to stochastic fluctuation, a finer gauge of control, and more rapid responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Yet, our murky understanding of translational control allows few generalizations. Consequently, translational regulation is underutilized in the context of transgene regulation, although synthetic biologists are now beginning to appropriate RNA-level gene regulation into their regulatory circuits. We also know little about how translational control contributes to the diversity of plant form and function. This project explored how an emerging regulatory mRNA sequence element, upstream open reading frames (uORFs), is integrated with the general translation initiation machinery to permit translational regulation on specific mRNAs.

Download or read book Translation Initiation Extract Systems and Molecular Genetics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2007-10-15 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over fifty years the Methods in Enzymology series has been the critically aclaimed laboratory standard and one of the most respected publications in the field of biochemistry. The highly relevant material makes it an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life and related sciences. This volume, the first of three on the topic of Translation Initiation includes articles written by leaders in the field.

Download or read book Identification of the Oncogenic Role of Human Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3 written by Lili Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Translational Regulation of Gene Expression written by J. Ilan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: