Download or read book Trade Preference and Global Competitiveness written by Lisa M. Holstein and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Preference Erosion written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-04-15 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multilateral trade system rests on the principle of nondiscrimination. Unilateral trade preferences granted by developed countries can help beneficiary countries but can create tensions between 'preferred' developing countries typically beneficiaries from pre-existing colonial regimes and other developing countries. There is also concern about the potential erosion of these preferences through trade liberalization in the importing countries, an issue that has been important in the current negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda of the World Trade Organization. 'Trade Preference Erosion' provides the information needed to make informed assessments of the benefits of trade preferences for developing countries, the risks associated with the erosion of these benefits, and policy options for dealing with these problems. The authors provide detailed analyses of specific preference programs and undertake cross-country, disaggregated analyses of the impact of preferences at the product level. Understanding the likely impacts of these programs and how those impacts are distributed is a precondition for formulating appropriate policy responses. The authors argue that such responses need to go beyond trade policies and need to include a focus on enhancing the competitiveness and supply-side capacity of developing countries. This book is a useful and informative guide for policy makers, non-governmental organizations, and others who wish to better understand the debate on the magnitude and impact of preference erosion.
Download or read book International Trade the U S Needs an Integrated Approach to Trade Preference Programs written by Loren Yager and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-02 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. trade preference programs promote economic development in poorer nations by providing duty-free export opportunities in the U.S. The Generalized System of Preferences, Caribbean Basin Initiative, Andean Trade Preference Act, and African Growth and Opportunity Act unilaterally reduce U.S. tariffs for many products from over 130 countries. However, two of these programs expire partially or in full this year, and Congress is exploring options as it considers renewal. This testimony describes the growth in preference program imports since 1992, identifies policy trade-offs concerning these programs, and evaluates the overall U.S. approach to preference programs. Includes recommendations. Tables.
Download or read book It s Not Just the Economy Stupid Trade Competitiveness in the 21st Century written by Sarita D. Jackson and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does a globally uncompetitive industry compete successfully in specific markets? What shapes the decisions of importers in these markets to purchase inputs from a more costly supplier? Current theories highlight the role of the market or firm strategy as possible explanations. It’s Not Just the Economy, Stupid! Trade Competitiveness in the 21st Century relies on 12 years of research of the US textile industry and the apparel industry throughout the Latin American and Caribbean regions to provide an alternative answer to these questions. The book argues that market factors and business strategies alone do not determine industry competitiveness and firm import behavior. Rather, special international trade programs and regulated trade agreements, which are commonly described as free trade agreements, make it possible for an industry that is less competitive in the global market to become highly competitive in specific markets. Furthermore, these same international trade programs and agreements create incentives for importers to purchase inputs from specific markets, including those with higher costs. For example, the US textile industry is less cost competitive than the same industry in a number of other countries, such as China. Although less expensive textile suppliers exist, some Latin American and Caribbean countries continue to import a majority of their textiles from the United States for use in their garment exports. The book shows that this particular trend results from special trade programs and regulated trade agreements. The findings presented here complement existing scholarship on international trade by focusing on the behavior of importers rather than exporters. Furthermore, whereas current studies explain how industries compete in the global market, the book shifts the emphasis toward industry competitiveness in specific markets.
Download or read book Preferences about Preferences written by Brendan James Connell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National trade preference schemes are an integral component of North-South trade relations. Yet the varying degree of trade liberalization across different preference schemes is considerable, especially in the case of the EU. This thesis attempts to find what factors can account for the differing amount of trade liberalization between the EU's trade preference schemes. To do this, both process tracing and the congruence method are used to analyze two different instances of European trade and development policy--the EU's 2012 revision of GSP and the EU's Economic Partnership Agreement with the Caribbean. I find the liberalization of EU trade preferences is driven primarily by three factors: (1) Domestic commercial interests; (2) EU concerns about global economic competitiveness; and (3) Desires for WTO compatibility. I also find NGOs to represent the main opposition for the EU's current trade and development agenda rather than import-competing sectors as "conventional" trade theory would predict.
Download or read book Economic Partnership Agreements and the Export Competitiveness of Africa written by Paul Brenton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Trade can be a key driver of growth for African countries, as it has been for those countries, particularly in East Asia, that have experienced high and sustained rates of growth. Economic partnership agreements with the European Union could be instrumental in a competitiveness framework, but to do so they would have to be designed carefully in a way that supports integration into the global economy and is consistent with national development strategies. Interim agreements have focused on reciprocal tariff removal and less restrictive rules of origin. To be fully effective, economic partnership agreements will have to address constraints to regional integration, including both tariff and non-tariff barriers; improve trade facilitation; and define appropriate most favored nation services liberalization. At the same time, African countries will need to reduce external tariff peak barriers on a most favored nation basis to ensure that when preferences for the European Union are implemented after transitional periods, they do not lead to substantial losses from trade diversion. This entails an ambitious agenda of policy reform that must be backed up by development assistance in the form of "aid for trade."
Download or read book Trade Competitiveness Diagnostic Toolkit written by Jose Guilherme Reis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This toolkit provides a framework, guidelines, and practical tools for conducting an analysis of a country's trade competitiveness in terms of growth and share performance, diversification, and quality.
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Download or read book Trade Policies for International Competitiveness written by Robert C. Feenstra and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once unquestionably the world's leading economic and industrial power, the United States now views with growing dismay the impressive industrial efficiency, vigorous work ethics, and large American holdings of various other nations. Is the United States truly lagging in its ability to compete effectively in world markets? Concern over this question has been voiced in both the business and government sectors, as well as by academic economists. A recent conference, sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research, explored the effects of trade policies on a nation's ability to compete in international markets. In Trade Policies for International Competitiveness, Robert C. Feenstra collects seven papers from the conference, each accompanied by discussants' comments, and adds a helpful introduction. Some of the issues considered by contributors are effects of macroeconomic and strategic foreign policies on competitiveness; the recent influx of foreign direct investment in the United States, primarily from Japan; the extent to which Japanese trade patterns are a reflection of underlying factor and endowments rather than trade barriers; and the market structure of Canadian industries, including applications for ongoing U.S.-Canadian free trade negotiations. Topical and provocative, these papers will be of value to economists, policymakers, and those in the business world.
Download or read book U S Trade Preference Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. trade preference programs promote economic development in poorer nations by providing export opportunities. The Generalized System of Preferences, Caribbean Basin Initiative, Andean Trade Preference Act, and African Growth and Opportunity Act unilaterally reduce U.S. tariffs for many products from over 130 countries. However, three of these programs expire partially or in full this year, and Congress is exploring options as it considers renewal. The author was asked to review the programs' effects on the United States and on foreign beneficiaries' exports and development, identify policy trade-offs concerning these programs, and evaluate the overall U.S. approach to preference programs. To address these objectives, the authors analysed trade data, reviewed trade literature and program documents, interviewed U.S. officials, and did fieldwork in six countries. This is an excerpted and indexed version.
Download or read book Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).
Download or read book Competitive Liberalization written by Soamiely Andriamananjara and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article discusses whether the current proliferation of preferential trade agreements - the so-called competitive liberalization - encourages evolution toward multilateral free trade. It argues that countries pursuing preferential trade initiatives are in pursuit of the economic rents resulting from the trade diversion associated with trade preference (or discrimination). By lowering the margin of preference, multilateral trade liberalization reduces those rents and is likely to be resisted by members of trade-diverting preferential blocs. Future preferential agreements should be designed to be less trade diverting in order to be more compatible with the objective of global free trade.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book Rules of Origin written by Vivianne Ventura-Dias and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mauritius written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mauritius is facing a sharp transition from dependence on trade preferences to open competition in the global economy. And it must do so in an unusually difficult environment. After 20 years of remarkable performance, the economy has fallen off a high growth plateau of about 6 percent toward the 2-3 percent range. The creation of new jobs is now too slow to prevent an increase in unemployment. Domestic investment has fallen, the external accounts have shifted from surplus into deficit by $300 million, and the country has sporadically lost reserves. This report, the first step in a process, outlines the trade competitiveness challenges facing Mauritius that, if confronted and managed, will pave the way to a return to a higher growth path. After the Government develops the specific actions in its program, the Bank will work with the government in costing the specific investments necessary to implement its program of trade competitiveness, and will help in mobilizing external support as part of the international community's effort put together a global program of aid for trade.
Download or read book Strengthening Competitiveness In Bangladesh Thematic Assessment written by Sanjay Kathuria and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is volume 2 of a three-volume publication on Bangladesh’s trade prospects. Bangladesh’s ambition is to build on its very solid growth and poverty reduction achievements, and accelerate growth to become a middle income country by 2021, and share prosperity more widely amongst its citizens. This includes one of its greatest development challenges: to provide gainful employment to the over 2 million people that will join the labor force each year over the next decade. Moreover, only 54.1 million of its 94 million working age people are employed. Bangladesh needs to use its labor endowment even more intensively to increase growth and, in turn, to absorb the incoming labor. The Diagnostic Trade Integration Study identifies the following actions centered around four pillars to sustain and accelerate export growth: (1) breaking into new markets through a) better trade logistics to reduce delivery lags ; as world markets become more competitive and newer products demand shorter lead times, to generate new sources of competitiveness and thereby enable market diversification; and b) better exploitation of regional trading opportunities in nearby growing and dynamic markets, especially East and South Asia; (2) breaking into new products through a) more neutral and rational trade policy and taxation and bonded warehouse schemes; b) concerted efforts to spur domestic investment and attract foreign direct investment, to contribute to export promotion and diversification, including by easing the energy and land constraints; and c) strategic development and promotion of services trade; (3) improving worker and consumer welfare by a) improving skills and literacy; b) implementing labor and work safety guidelines; and c) making safety nets more effective in dealing with trade shocks; and (4) building a supportive environment, including a) sustaining sound macroeconomic fundamentals; and b) strengthening the institutional capacity for strategic policy making aimed at the objective of international competitiveness to help bring focus and coherence to the government’s reform efforts. This second volume provides in-depth analysis across seven cross-cutting themes that underpin most of the findings of pillars 1 and 2 above.
Download or read book The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008 written by and published by World Economic Forum. This book was released on 2008 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
