Download or read book Trade and the Accumulation and Diffusion of Knowledge written by Pier Carlo Padoan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accumulation of knowl ...

Download or read book Trade and the Accumulation and Diffusion of Knowledge written by Pierre Carlo Padoan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1996 The accumulation of knowledge affects trade performance and competitiveness, but trade also (through imports) affects the accumulation of knowledge. Padoan examines the properties of a dynamic disequilibrium model focused on trade specialization and the accumulation of knowledge. He uses a sector breakdown (four export and two import sectors) following Pavitt's (1984) taxonomy, which is especially appropriate for empirically analyzing the relationship between innovation activities and production and export performance. Steady-state analysis shows that: * Under perfectly balanced growth (no change in trade specialization and a uniform growth of knowledge), international diffusion of knowledge is irrelevant for growth. * Under unbalanced growth (with changes in the structure of specialization), the process of structural change may be enhanced by the effects on the domestic accumulation of knowledge of domestic spillover, as innovation activities in one sector generate positive externalities on the rest of the economy. The growth of foreign knowledge has an ambivalent effect on domestic performance because it is both a complement to, and a substitute for, domestic knowledge. Whenever these two effects do not perfectly match, the diffusion of international knowledge is associated with unbalanced growth. Imports of knowledge-intensive goods may not lead to higher growth unless there is sufficiently strong trade performance in the knowledge-intensive sectors (that is, there are thresholds in expansion of market share). This result, whose implications for developing countries is relevant, is not usually reported in the literature in which greater accumulation of foreign knowledge unambiguously leads to higher growth in the country that imports technology through trade. Unbalanced growth is also associated with output catching up. Technological catching up is necessary but not sufficient for balanced growth. Parameter estimates were obtained for France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Results appear to be consistent with theoretical expectations about the importance of price and nonprice determinants of trade performance in the four sectors. Results also seem to be generally consistent with the distribution of revealed comparative advantages in the sense that the country cases exhibit high and significant price and knowledge elasticities and high adjustment speeds - suggesting a good capacity to deliver in sectors with revealed comparative advantage. Simulation exercises confirm steady-state results on the relevance of country differences in trade specialization and in the domestic accumulation of knowledge as they affect growth. They also clarify the relationship between growth and changes in the structure of trade specialization. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to assess the role of technology diffusion in economic development.

Download or read book Trade Knowledge Accumulation and Diffusion A Sectoral Perspective written by Pier Carlo Padoan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Padoan examines the properties of a dynamic disequilibrium model focused on trade specialization and the accumulation of knowledge. He uses a sector breakdown (four export and two import sectors) following pavittis (1984) taxonomy, which is especially appropriate for empirically analyzing the relationship between innovation activities and production and export performance.

Download or read book Technology Accumulation and Diffusion written by Pier Carlo Padoan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 1997 National patterns of technology diffusion found in country estimates probably reflect sectoral variations more than country variations. They also reflect different degrees of internationalization. Recently, interest in regionalism has mushroomed, and economists have analyzed it not only from the viewpoint of trade but that of foreign investment, macroeconomics, and political economy. But questions of technological regionalism-whether the accumulation and diffusion of technology has a regional dimension-have been considered only marginally and indirectly. Padoan offers an exploratory analysis of the regional dimension of technology and diffusion, examining both country and sectoral aspects of it. Empirical results suggest that regional trade agreements do not necessarily lead to spillover patterns in regional knowledge. But knowledge may be diffused through vehicles other than trade. National patterns of technological accumulation seem more important than regional patterns. In particular, more internationalized economies seem capable of commanding a substantial amount of knowledge diffusion, which may sometimes follow regional patterns. These conclusions are partly confirmed by sectoral estimates that show that regional patterns of knowledge diffusion are highly sector-specific. The knowledge base varies greatly across sectors. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - was prepared for the department's research project on regional integration.

Download or read book Global Integration and Technology Transfer written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-27 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of international technology diffusion (ITD) for economic development can hardly be overstated. Both the acquisition of technology and its diffusion foster productivity growth. Developing countries have long sought to use both national policies and international agreements to stimulate ITD. The 'correct' policy intervention, if any, depends critically upon the channels through which technology diffuses internationally and the quantitative effects of the various diffusion processes on efficiency and productivity growth. Neither is well understood. New technologies may be embodied in goods and transferred through imports of new varieties of differentiated products or capital goods and equipment, they may be obtained through exposure to foreign buyers or foreign investors or they may be acquired through arms-length trade in intellectual property, e.g., licensing contracts. 'Global Integration and Technology Transfer' uses cross-country and firm level panel data sets to analyze how specific activities exporting, importing, FDI, joint ventures impact on productivity performance.

Download or read book The Mystery of Economic Growth written by Elhanan Helpman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Far more than an intellectual puzzle for pundits, economists, and policymakers, economic growth--its makings and workings--is a subject that affects the well-being of billions of people around the globe. In The Mystery of Economic Growth, Elhanan Helpman discusses the vast research that has revolutionized understanding of this subject in recent years, and summarizes and explains its critical messages in clear, concise, and accessible terms. The tale of growth economics, as Helpman tells it, is organized around a number of themes: the importance of the accumulation of physical and human capital; the effect of technological factors on the rate of this accumulation; the process of knowledge creation and its influence on productivity; the interdependence of the growth rates of different countries; and, finally, the role of economic and political institutions in encouraging accumulation, innovation, and change. One of the leading researchers of economic growth, Helpman succinctly reviews, critiques, and integrates current research--on capital accumulation, education, productivity, trade, inequality, geography, and institutions--and clarifies its relevance for global economic inequities. In particular, he points to institutions--including property rights protection, legal systems, customs, and political systems--as the key to the mystery of economic growth. Solving this mystery could lead to policies capable of setting the poorest countries on the path toward sustained growth of per capita income and all that that implies--and Helpman's work is a welcome and necessary step in this direction.

Download or read book International Trade Theory written by Wei-Bin Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-23 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of international trade theory has created a wide array of different theories, concepts and results. Nevertheless, trade theory has been split between partial and conflicting representations of international e- nomic interactions. Diverse trade models have co-existed but not in a structured relationship with each other. Economic students are introduced to international economic interactions with severally incompatible theories in the same course. In order to overcome incoherence among multiple theories, we need a general theoretical framework in a unified manner to draw together all of the disparate branches of trade theory into a single - ganized system of knowledge. This book provides a powerful – but easy to operate - engine of analysis that sheds light not only on trade theory per se, but on many other dim- sions that interact with trade, including inequality, saving propensities, education, research policy, and knowledge. Building and analyzing various tractable and flexible models within a compact whole, the book helps the reader to visualize economic life as an endless succession of physical ca- tal accumulation, human capital accumulation, innovation wrought by competition, monopoly and government intervention. The book starts with the traditional static trade theories. Then, it develops dynamic models with capital and knowledge under perfect competition and/or monopolistic competition. The uniqueness of the book is about modeling trade dyn- ics.

Download or read book Globalizing Europe written by Thomas L. Brewer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The contributors to this volume are internationally recognised scholars in the field. The result is an extremely comprehensive and authoritative assessment of European integration, particularly from an economic-political perspective.' - Economic Outlook and Business Review Globalizing Europe examines the involvement of the European Union in the deepening integration that results as trade and transnational production link markets and economic systems across the world. This process is posing a unique challenge to European decision-makers to implement measures that will maximize the benefits and reduce the costs of globalization.

Download or read book Knowledge Dissemination Capital Accumulation Trade and Endogenous Growth written by Dan Ben-David and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Re thinking Intellectual Property written by YiJun Tian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the problems in the current Intellectual Property Rights regime, in the context of digitization, knowledge economy, and globalization. The volume also provides specific theoretical, policy and legislative suggestions for changes which would contribute to the establishment of an international knowledge equilibrium society.

Download or read book Productivity Innovation and Economic Performance written by Ray Barrell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-06-15 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book compares and explains differences in levels of incomes among industrialised countries.

Download or read book The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited written by Josh Lerner and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-04-15 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers contributions to questions relating to the economics of innovation and technological change. Central to the development of new technologies are institutional environments and among the topics discussed are the roles played by universities and the ways in which the allocation of funds affects innovation.

Download or read book The Influence of International Trade on Economic Growth and Distribution in Developing Countries written by Tobias Bidlingmaier and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economies of developing countries today are highly integrated into world markets. Trade volumes in relation to the overall size of the economy are often much higher in developing countries than in industrial ones. The question that emerges from this trend is, "What impact does international trade have on economic growth and distribution in developing countries?" In order to answer this question the present study derives empirical testable hypotheses from theoretical models thereby bridging the existing gap between theory and empirical studies. A broad range of trade variables derived from a growth model incorporating features from the new growth theories suggest adeeperaY effects of trade on economic development that go beyond the standard "openness" correlations. Likewise, the simulation of a trade reform on goods and factor prices shows insightful results on welfare changes for various Thai household categories. The distributional impacts do not correspond with the simple dichotomy of the rich getting richer and the poor becoming poorer.

Download or read book The Lever of Riches written by Joel Mokyr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992-04-09 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world of supercomputers, genetic engineering, and fiber optics, technological creativity is ever more the key to economic success. But why are some nations more creative than others, and why do some highly innovative societies--such as ancient China, or Britain in the industrial revolution--pass into stagnation? Beginning with a fascinating, concise history of technological progress, Mokyr sets the background for his analysis by tracing the major inventions and innovations that have transformed society since ancient Greece and Rome. What emerges from this survey is often surprising: the classical world, for instance, was largely barren of new technology, the relatively backward society of medieval Europe bristled with inventions, and the period between the Reformation and the Industrial Revolution was one of slow and unspectacular progress in technology, despite the tumultuous developments associated with the Voyages of Discovery and the Scientific Revolution. What were the causes of technological creativity? Mokyr distinguishes between the relationship of inventors and their physical environment--which determined their willingness to challenge nature--and the social environment, which determined the openness to new ideas. He discusses a long list of such factors, showing how they interact to help or hinder a nation's creativity, and then illustrates them by a number of detailed comparative studies, examining the differences between Europe and China, between classical antiquity and medieval Europe, and between Britain and the rest of Europe during the industrial revolution. He examines such aspects as the role of the state (the Chinese gave up a millennium-wide lead in shipping to the Europeans, for example, when an Emperor banned large ocean-going vessels), the impact of science, as well as religion, politics, and even nutrition. He questions the importance of such commonly-cited factors as the spill-over benefits of war, the abundance of natural resources, life expectancy, and labor costs. Today, an ever greater number of industrial economies are competing in the global market, locked in a struggle that revolves around technological ingenuity. The Lever of Riches, with its keen analysis derived from a sweeping survey of creativity throughout history, offers telling insights into the question of how Western economies can maintain, and developing nations can unlock, their creative potential.

Download or read book Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge written by and published by . This book was released on 1851 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Proximity Relations written by Torre, André and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook is a state-of-the-art analysis of proximity relations, offering insights into its history alongside up-to-date scientific advances and emerging questions. Its broad scope – from industrial and innovation approaches through to society issues of living and working at a distance, territorial development and environmental topics – will ensure an in-depth focus point for researchers in economics as well as geography, organizational studies, planning and sociology.

Download or read book The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge written by and published by . This book was released on 1833 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: