Download or read book Human Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures written by Harold Zeliger and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this important reference work, Zeliger catalogs the known effects of chemical mixtures on the human body and also proposes a framework for understanding and predicting their actions in terms of lipophile (fat soluble) / hydrophile (water soluble) interactions. The author’s focus is on illnesses that ensue following exposures to mixtures of chemicals that cannot be attributed to any one component of the mixture. In the first part the mechanisms of chemical absorption at a molecular and macromolecular level are explained, as well as the body’s methods of defending itself against xenobiotic intrusion. Part II examines the sources of the chemicals discusssed, looking at air and water pollution, food additives, pharmaceuticals, etc. Part III, which includes numerous case studies, examines specific effects of particular mixtures on particular body systems and organs and presents a theoretical framework for predicting what the effects of uncharacterized mixtures might be. Part IV covers regulatory requirements and the need to adjust recommended exposure levels for products containing mixtures. It also contains recommendations on how to limit exposure to mixtures in the products we use and on how to limit release of mixtures into the environment. Providing brief summaries of each mixture and its effects, Zeliger provides a comprehensive reference, a jumping off point for professionals (with extensive chapter bibliographies) and an introduction to the topic for those studying traditional toxicology. Addressing many inadequately understood illnesses and conditions such as asthma, infertility and cancer, it will also be of interest to health professionals, environmental scientists and lawyers. Presents a theoretical framework for predicting the effects of chemical mixtures for which no specific data exists (this predictive aspect is important due to the vast number of different potential chemical combinations – far too many to comprehensively catalog) A quick and convenient source of hard to come by data on the rapidly developing field of chemical mixtures, for groups including chemists and engineers, toxicologists, health professionals and environmental scientists New and updated material comprises over 30% of this timely new edition, which includes the latest research data alongside an expanded introduction to the science and art of predicting the toxicological properties of chemical mixtures
Download or read book Mixture Toxicity written by Cornelis A. M. van Gestel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an
Download or read book Human Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures written by Harold Zeliger and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2008-07-25 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers how exposure to toxic mixtures affects the different physiological systems and organs, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, immunological, musculoskeletal, nervous and reproductive systems, as well as the various organs, including the kidneys, liver and skin.The author evaluates various sources of exposure, including air, water, and soil pollution; in utero exposure; chemicals contained in foods, cosmetics, and domestic cleaning products; adhesives and paints; industrial chemicals; pesticides; electromagnetic radiation; and chemicals ingested or inhaled during the use of alcohol, tobacco and narcotics.The book also examines the interplay between exposure to these mixtures and the prevalence of various diseases and conditions, including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental neurotoxicology, multiple chemical sensitivity (MSC), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), fibromyalgia (FM), Gulf war syndrome, cancer and cancer clusters. The author also discusses how exposure to these mixtures yields the above diseases and conditions in different populations: fetuses, infants, pre-adolescent children, adolescents and adults.Finally, the book addresses the profound policy implications for formulation, labeling and use of chemical products, and it proposes more stringent exposure limits and warning requirements in light of the newly recognized toxic effects that are directly attributable to the mixture of toxic lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals. Addresses chemical mixtures, while most literature only deals with single chemicals exposure Explains why certain toxicological effects are observed Discusses diagnosis and treatment of injuries resulting from exposure Explores consequences of effects on product formulation, use, handling and required warnings Provides guidelines for safer development of personal care, cosmetic, industrial and consumer use products
Download or read book Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures written by Raymond S.H. Yang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although toxicologic studies in the laboratory often focus on a single chemical, in the larger world, mixtures of chemicals are routinely encountered. Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures examines the mechanisms of interactions and health effects stemming from chemical mixtures in the environment. Toxicologists, pharmacologists, environmental scientists, and professionals involved in environmental clean-ups will benefit from its content. Emphasis is on low-level, long-term exposure. Some of the issues addressed include Target organ toxicities in response to chemical mixture exposures Risk assessment and experimental approaches Case studies and special pollution problems Special pollution problems
Download or read book Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors written by Cynthia V. Rider and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, both basic and advanced concepts are discussed for considering mixtures from initial exposure characterization through evaluation of risk associated with combined exposures. This book will provide an introduction to key issues and multiple options for evaluating both the toxicity of mixtures as well as the risk associated with exposure to mixtures. Additionally, promising tools adapted from other disciplines will be discussed in the context of mixtures toxicology and risk assessment. Finally, the discussion will move beyond chemical mixtures to address incorporating non-chemical stressors into toxicity studies and cumulative risk assessments. Although exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors is the rule, not the exception, consideration of mixtures in toxicology and risk assessment continues to be a significant challenge. This book will be an essential resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of toxicology, epidemiology, exposure science, risk assessment, and statistics.
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Mixtures Toxicology written by Moiz Mumtaz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-23 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive treatment of the subject for more than a decade includes the latest research on nanoparticle toxicology. The practical handbook addresses all areas where toxic mixtures are encountered, from environmental via occupational to medical settings, giving special consideration to air and water, and to the specific requirements for study design in mixture toxicology. While no extensive prior knowledge or toxicological experience is required, the practice-oriented case studies and examples in the second part make this the ideal companion for the professional toxicologist in industry or healthcare institutions with little time for academic study.
Download or read book Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals written by Elsa Nielsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike many existing books on toxicology that cover either toxicity of a particular substance or toxicity of chemicals on particular organ systems, Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide lays out the principle activities of conducting a toxicological risk assessment, including international approaches and methods for the risk
Download or read book Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-12-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.
Download or read book The Toxicity of Chemical Mixtures written by J. K. Pollak and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Toxicology written by John C. Lipscomb and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans are exposed to chemicals through voluntary and involuntary actions; to natural and synthetic chemicals all day, every day. Single chemical risk assessments are complex in and of themselves, and the assessment of chemical mixtures exponentially increases the complexity for toxicologists, regulators, and the public. Chemicals produce effects in biological systems which may or may not be related to their toxicity; some effects may be adaptive or may not be a direct part of their mode or mechanism of toxic action. These terms are commonly used and may be distinguished based on the level of detail implied. Mode of action usually describes the effect of a toxicant at the cellular or organ level, while mechanism of action implies an understanding of the interaction of the toxicant at the molecular level. Chemicals can have the same mode of action, but act via different mechanisms. Components in a chemical mixture are characterized by mode and/or mechanism for the purpose of grouping, described later.
Download or read book EPA 630 R written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Toxicology written by Sean Ekins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key resource for toxicologists across a broad spectrum of fields, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of molecular modelling approaches and strategies applied to risk assessment for pharmaceutical and environmental chemicals. Provides a perspective of what is currently achievable with computational toxicology and a view to future developments Helps readers overcome questions of data sources, curation, treatment, and how to model / interpret critical endpoints that support 21st century hazard assessment Assembles cutting-edge concepts and leading authors into a unique and powerful single-source reference Includes in-depth looks at QSAR models, physicochemical drug properties, structure-based drug targeting, chemical mixture assessments, and environmental modeling Features coverage about consumer product safety assessment and chemical defense along with chapters on open source toxicology and big data
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation written by F. L. Mayer and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1977 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
Download or read book Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
Download or read book Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures A Review of Mixtures Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science of risk assessment revolves broadly around hazard identification (toxicity) and exposure assessment information. While exposure to environmental hazards most often occurs with complex chemical mixtures, the majority of existing toxicity data is for single compounds or simple mixtures, thus presenting problems to the risk assessor. Several approaches to assess mixtures have been developed (e.g. Hazard Index; Target-organ Toxicity Dose; Weight-of Evidence; Toxic Equivalence), each of which have their limitations, primarily with respect to the prediction of potentially unforeseen interactions between the mixture constituents which may affect their resultant toxic outcome. Recent advances in disciplines such as genomics, proteomics, metabonomics and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling should assist in the hazard assessment of complex chemical mixtures. However, the process of regulatory assessment of these types of exposures will remain both complex and difficult.
