Download or read book Towards Tree level Evapotranspiration Estimation with Small UAVs in Precision Agriculture written by Haoyu Niu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating evapotranspiration (ET) has been one of the most critical research areas in agriculture because of water scarcity, the growing population, and climate change. The accurate estimation and mapping of ET are necessary for crop water management. Traditionally, researchers use water balance, soil moisture, weighing lysimeters, or an energy balance approach, such as Bowen ratio or eddy covariance towers to estimate ET. However, these ET methods are point-specific or area-weighted measurements and cannot be extended to a large scale. On the other hand, while remote sensing is able to provide spatially distributed measurements, the spatial resolution of multispectral satellite images is often not enough for crops with clumped canopy structures, such as trees and vines. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can mitigate these spatial and temporal limitations. Lightweight cameras and sensors can be mounted on the UAVs and take high-resolution images. Unlike satellite imagery, the spatial resolution of the UAV images can be at the centimeter-level. UAVs can also fly on-demand, which provides high temporal imagery. This book examines the different UAV-based approaches of ET estimation. Models and algorithms, such as mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC), the two-source energy balance (TSEB) model, and machine learning (ML) are discussed. It also covers the challenges and opportunities for UAVs in ET estimation, with the final chapters devoted to new ET estimation methods and their potential applications for future research.
Download or read book Smart Big Data in Digital Agriculture Applications written by Haoyu Niu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration ET written by Pradeep Wagle and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the water and energy balances, and the number of remote sensing-based ET products and estimation methods has increased in recent years. Various aspects of remote sensing of ET are reported in the 11 papers published in this book. The major research areas covered by this book include inter-comparison and performance evaluation of widely used one- and two-source energy balance models, a new dual-source model (Soil Plant Atmosphere and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration, SPARSE), and a process-based model (ETMonitor); assessment of multi-source (e.g., remote sensing, reanalysis, and land surface model) ET products; development or improvement of data fusion frameworks to predict continuous daily ET at a high spatial resolution (field-scale or 30 m) by fusing the advanced spaceborne thermal emission reflectance radiometer (ASTER), the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Landsat data; and investigating uncertainties in ET estimates using an ET ensemble composed of several land surface models and diagnostic datasets. The effects of the differences between ET products on water resources and ecosystem management were also investigated. More accurate ET estimates and improved understanding of remotely sensed ET products are crucial for maximizing crop productivity while minimizing water losses and management costs.
Download or read book UAS Remote Sensing Methods for Mapping Monitoring and Modeling Crops written by Francisco Javier Mesas Carrascosa and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms and onboard sensors in the past few years have greatly increased our ability to monitor and map crops. The ability to register images at ultrahigh spatial resolution at any moment has made remote sensing techniques increasingly useful in crop management. These technologies have revolutionized the way in which remote sensing is applied in precision agriculture, allowing for decision-making in a matter of days instead of weeks. However, it is still necessary to continue research to improve and maximize the potential of UAV remote sensing in agriculture. This Special Issue of Remote Sensing includes different applications of UAV remote sensing for crop management, covering RGB, multispectral, hyperspectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor applications aboard UAVs. The papers reveal innovative techniques involving image analysis and cloud points. However, it should be emphasized that this Special Issue is a small sample of UAV applications in agriculture and that there is much more to investigate.
Download or read book Evapotranspiration Over Heterogeneous Vegetated Surfaces written by Yuting Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this work is the development of models to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), investigating the partitioning between soil evaporation and plant transpiration at field and regional scales, and calculating ET over heterogeneous vegetated surfaces. Different algorithms with varying complexities as well as spatial and temporal resolutions are developed to estimate evapotranspiration from different data inputs. The author proposes a novel approach to estimate ET from remote sensing by exploiting the linkage between water and carbon cycles. At the field scale, a hybrid dual source model (H-D model) is proposed. It is verified with field observations over four different ecosystems and coupled with a soil water and heat transfer model, to simulate water and heat transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. At the regional scale, a hybrid dual source scheme and trapezoid framework based ET model (HTEM), using remote sensing images is developed. This model is verified with data from the USA and China and the impact of agricultural water-saving on ET of different land use types is analyzed, in these chapters. The author discusses the potential of using a remote sensing ET model in the real management of water resources in a large irrigation district. This work would be of particular interest to any hydrologist or micro-meteorologist who works on ET estimation and it will also appeal to the ecologist who works on the coupled water and carbon cycles. Land evapotranspiration is an important research topic in hydrology, meteorology, ecology and agricultural sciences. Dr. Yuting Yang works at the CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australia.
Download or read book Evapotranspiration written by Ayse Irmak and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-01-18 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of Evapotranspiration - Remote Sensing and Modeling contains 23 chapters related to the modeling and simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) and remote sensing-based energy balance determination of ET. These areas are at the forefront of technologies that quantify the highly spatial ET from the Earth's surface. The topics describe mechanics of ET simulation from partially vegetated surfaces and stomatal conductance behavior of natural and agricultural ecosystems. Estimation methods that use weather based methods, soil water balance, the Complementary Relationship, the Hargreaves and other temperature-radiation based methods, and Fuzzy-Probabilistic calculations are described. A critical review describes methods used in hydrological models. Applications describe ET patterns in alpine catchments, under water shortage, for irrigated systems, under climate change, and for grasslands and pastures. Remote sensing based approaches include Landsat and MODIS satellite-based energy balance, and the common process models SEBAL, METRIC and S-SEBS. Recommended guidelines for applying operational satellite-based energy balance models and for overcoming common challenges are made.
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture written by Salim Lamine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement into Innovation compiles the latest applications of remote sensing in agriculture using spaceborne, airborne and drones’ geospatial data. The book presents case studies, new algorithms and the latest methods surrounding crop sown area estimation, determining crop health status, assessment of vegetation dynamics, crop diseases identification, crop yield estimation, soil properties, drone image analysis for crop damage assessment, and other issues in precision agriculture. This book is ideal for those seeking to explore and implement remote sensing in an effective and efficient manner with its compendium of scientifically and technologically sound information. Presents a well-integrated collection of chapters, with quality, consistency and continuity Provides the latest RS techniques in Precision Agriculture that are addressed by leading experts Includes detailed, yet geographically global case studies that can be easily understood, reproduced or implemented Covers geospatial data, with codes available through shared links
Download or read book Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Micrometeorological Techniques written by Simona Consoli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book UAVs for Vegetation Monitoring written by Ana de Castro Megías and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles a set of original and innovative papers included in the Special Issue on UAVs for vegetation monitoring, which proves the wide scope of UAVs in very diverse vegetation applications, both in agricultural and forestry scenarios, ranging from the characterization of relevant vegetation features to the detection of plant or crop stressors. New methods and techniques are developed and applied to diverse vegetation scenarios to meet the main challenge of sustainability.
Download or read book Development and Application of an Automated Calibration Algorithm for Estimating Evapotranspiration from Agriculture Using a Remotely Sensed Surface Energy Balance Model written by Charles Gilbert Morton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to develop an automated calibration algorithm for the Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration at High Resolution (METRIC) remotely sensed surface energy balance model. The automated calibration algorithm was used to characterize the uncertainty of calibration of the METRIC model and to explore the potential of using METRIC for operational evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. METRIC is being used by the Nevada Division of Water Resources and the Desert Research Institute to estimate historical consumptive water use (CWU) from agriculture in western Nevada using Landsat imagery. Each METRIC ET estimate must be calibrated by a trained user in a time consuming process. The automated calibration algorithm was designed to generate ET estimates comparable to those from trained users by mimicking the user calibration process. The automated calibration would allow for METRIC ET estimates with minimal user intervention and allow for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the model and rapid generation of operational ET estimates. For the historical CWU project, ET estimates have been made for different image footprints and dates by multiple users. In order to assess the uncertainty of calibration by multiple users, the automated calibration algorithm was used to generate 100 ET estimates for Landsat TM images from 2006. ET estimates were also generated using an automated pixel selection algorithm developed by the University of Idaho. The automated ET estimates were compared to user METRIC ET estimates of the same image dates made by five trained users. The variation in ET estimates generated by the automated calibration algorithm was found to be similar to the natural variation between user ET estimates. The calibration uncertainty was the highest for fields with low ET levels and lowest for fields with high ET levels. The seasonal calibration 95% confidence interval was found to be approximately 5% for the automated calibration algorithm. In order to assess the accuracy of the automated algorithms, 100 ET estimates were generated for Landsat TM images from 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Automated daily and seasonal ET estimates compared well with measured ET data at multiple sites, which indicates that automated methods could be used for generating operational ET estimates that are similar to time-intensive manual efforts.
Download or read book Estimating Crop Evapotranspiration Using a Satellite Remote Sensing Based Energy Balance Model written by Charles Scarborough and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evapotranspiration (ET) is the combination of transpiration from plants and evaporation from land surface sources of water. Accurate accounting of actual crop ET is critical in agricultural water management, especially in areas with intensive irrigation. Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) is a useful tool to spatially estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) using satellite imagery. Although METRIC has been a documented success in estimating ETa in regions around the world, especially the semi-arid regions of the western United States, it has not been applied in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States or examined under different irrigation regimes like subsurface drip (SDI) and central pivot irrigation (CPI). This study compares cumulative ETa from corn and soybean crops under CPI and SDI crop fields and provides cumulative ETa images of the fields in southern Delaware. METRIC modeled land surface energy balance data and daily ETa (ETMETRIC) were compared to in-situ observations of incoming solar radiation (RS6́3), surface temperature (Ts), net radiation (R℗Ơn), soil heat flux (G), sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), Eddy Covariance ETa (ETEC), and atmometer ETa (ETatm). Turbulent fluxes (H and LE) were adjusted to force energy balance closure using the Bowen ratio method. In-situ data measurements were fixed to a Delaware Environmental Observing System (DEOS) station bordering the SDI field in Warrington Farm, a University of Delaware owned irrigation research farm. METRIC analysis and validation were performed over various dates within the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons. Modeled values of RS6́3, T℗Ơs, G, and LE agreed reasonably well with observations, while Rn and H yielded large biases. Biases in H are in part due to the internal design of METRIC of internal calibration, which absorb all other energy balance biases to yield accurate values of ETa. Daily time series of ETMETRIC from the 2016 study period agreed well with ETEC, indicated by moderate correlation (R2 = 0.63) and low RMSE (0.75 mm day-1). Results from the 2017 study period were unfavorable (R2 = 0.33, RMSE of 1.13 mm day-1). Less than optimal Landsat coverage over the study area contributed to deviations from observations. Cumulative ETMETRIC was 1.5% and 2.9% greater than ETEC for the 2016 and 2017 study periods, respectively. METRIC analysis was able to detect differences in cumulative ETa℗Ơ of corn and soybean under the CPI system and SDI system. Results indicate that METRIC is a useful tool to create spatial estimates of ETa in an agriculturally intensive area of the mid-Atlantic region.
Download or read book Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Soil Water Balance Weather and Crop Data written by Ketema Tilahun Zeleke and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vegetation Monitoring written by Caryl L. Elzinga and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annotated bibliography documents literature addressing the design and implementation of vegetation monitoring. It provides resources managers, ecologists, and scientists access to the great volume of literature addressing many aspects of vegetation monitoring: planning and objective setting, choosing vegetation attributes to measure, sampling design, sampling methods, statistical and graphical analysis, and communication of results. Over half of the 1400 references have been annotated. Keywords pertaining to the type of monitoring or method are included with each bibliographic entry. Keyword index.
Download or read book Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications in Agriculture and Environment written by Ram Avtar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book showcases how new and emerging technologies like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are trying to provide solutions to unresolved socio-economic and environmental problems. Unmanned vehicles can be classified into five different types according to their operation. These five types are unmanned ground vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned surface vehicles (operating on the surface of the water), unmanned underwater vehicles, and unmanned spacecraft. Unmanned vehicles can be guided remotely or function as autonomous vehicles. The technology has a wide range of uses including agriculture, industry, transport, communication, surveillance and environment applications. UAVs are widely used in precision agriculture; from monitoring the crops to crop damage assessment. This book explains the different methods in which they are used, providing step-by-step image processing and sample data. It also discusses how smart UAVs will provide unique opportunities for manufacturers to utilise new technological trends to overcome the current challenges of UAV applications. The book will be of great interest to researchers engaged in forest carbon measurement, road patrolling, plantation monitoring, crop yield estimation, crop damage assessment, terrain modelling, fertilizer control, and pest control.
Download or read book Regionalization of Surface Flux Desities and Moisture Indicators in Composite Terrain written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drones for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Monitoring written by Ricardo Díaz-Delgado and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have already become an affordable and cost-efficient tool to quickly map a targeted area for many emerging applications in the arena of ecological monitoring and biodiversity conservation. Managers, owners, companies, and scientists are using professional drones equipped with high-resolution visible, multispectral, or thermal cameras to assess the state of ecosystems, the effect of disturbances, or the dynamics and changes within biological communities inter alia. We are now at a tipping point on the use of drones for these type of applications over natural areas. UAV missions are increasing but most of them are testing applicability. It is time now to move to frequent revisiting missions, aiding in the retrieval of important biophysical parameters in ecosystems or mapping species distributions. This Special Issue shows UAV applications contributing to a better understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem status, threats, changes, and trends. It documents the enhancement of knowledge in ecological integrity parameters mapping, long-term ecological monitoring based on drones, mapping of alien species spread and distribution, upscaling ecological variables from drone to satellite images: methods and approaches, rapid risk and disturbance assessment using drones, mapping albedo with UAVs, wildlife tracking, bird colony and chimpanzee nest mapping, habitat mapping and monitoring, and a review on drones for conservation in protected areas.
Download or read book Protected agriculture precision agriculture and vertical farming Brief reviews of issues in the literature focusing on the developing region in Asia written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The frontiers of technologies have been constantly expanded in many industries around the world, including the agricultural sector. Among many “frontier technologies” in agriculture, are protected agriculture, precision agriculture, and vertical farming, all of which depart substantially from many conventional agricultural production methods. It is not yet clear how these technologies can become adoptable in developing countries, including, for example, South Asian countries like India. This paper briefly reviews the issues associated withthese three types of frontier technologies. We do so by systematically checkingthe academic articleslisted in Google Scholar, which primarily focus on these technologies in developing countries in Asia. Where appropriate, a few widely-cited overview articles for each technology were also reviewed. The findings generally reveal where performances of these technologiescan be raised potentially, based on the general trends in the literature. Where evidence is rich, some generalizable economic insights about these technologies are provided. For protected agriculture, recent research has focusedsignificantly on various features of protective structures (tunnel heights, covering materials, shading structures, frames and sizes) indicating that there are potentials for adaptive research on such structures to raise the productivity of protected agriculture. The research on protected agriculture also focuses on types of climate parameters controlled, andenergy structures, among others. For precision agriculture, recent research has focused on the spatial variability of production environments, development of efficient and suitable data management systems, efficiency of various types of image analyses and optical sensing, efficiency of sensors and related technologies, designs of precision agriculture equipment, optimal inputs and service uses, and their spatial allocations, potentials of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and nano-technologies. For vertical farming, research has often highlighted the variations in technologies based on out-door / indoor systems, ways to improve plants’ access to light (natural or artificial), growing medium and nutrient / water supply, advanced features like electricity generation and integration of production space into an office / residential space, and water treatment. For India, issues listed above may be some of the key areas that the country can draw on from other more advanced countries in Asia, or can focus in its adaptive research to improve the relevance and applicability of these technologies to the country.
