Download or read book Towards Rectifying Limitations on Species Delineation in Dusky Salamanders Desmognathus Plethodontidae written by David A. Beamer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Abstract: Dusky salamanders (Desmognathus) constitute a large, species-rich group within the family Plethodontidae, and though their systematic relationships have been addressed extensively, most studies have centered on particular species complexes and therefore offer only piecemeal phylogenetic perspective on the genus. Recent work has revealed Desmognathus to be far more clade rich--35 reciprocally monophyletic clades versus 22 recognized species--than previously imagined, results that, in turn, provide impetus for additional survey effort within clades and across geographic areas thus far sparsely sampled. We conceived and implemented a sampling regime combining level IV ecoregions and independent river drainages to yield a geographic grid for comprehensive recovery of all genealogically exclusive clades. We sampled over 550 populations throughout the distribution of Desmognathus in the eastern United States of America and generated mitochondrial DNA sequence data (mtDNA; 1,991 bp) for 536 specimens. A Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of the resulting haplotypes revealed forty-five reciprocally monophyletic clades, eleven of which have never been included in a comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction, and an additional three not represented in any molecular systematic survey. Although general limitations associated with mtDNA data preclude new species delineation, we profile each of the 45 clades and assign names to 10 new clades (following a protocol for previous clade nomenclature). We also redefine several species complexes and erect new informal species complexes. Our dataset, which contains topotypic samples for nearly every currently recognized species and most synonymies, will offer a robust framework for future efforts to delimit species within Desmognathus. Keywords: Amphibia, Caudata, Desmognathus, mtDNA phylogeny, level IV ecoregion X independent drainage sampling, new clades"--Page 3.
Download or read book Rectifying Limitations on Species Delineation in Dusky Salamanders written by David A. Beamer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dusky salamanders (Desmognathus) constitute a large, species-rich group, and although a considerable body of literature exists on systematic relationships and adaptive trends, these issues have heretofore been approached in piecemeal fashion. Recent work has revealed Desmognathus to be far more lineage rich than previously imagined and demonstrated just how complex the taxon's evolutionary history has been. These recent advances underscore the need for additional sampling in areas and within lineages that have thus far been sparsely evaluated. I conceived and implemented a sampling regimen involving level IV ecoregion X independent river drainages designed for the comprehensive recovery of all genealogically exclusive lineages within the genus. I sampled over 550 populations across the range-wide distribution of described dusky salamander species and generated mtDNA sequence data for each population. A Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of the resulting haplotypes revealed forty-five independent evolutionary lineages, eleven of which have never been included in a comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction and three of which have not been included in any molecular systematic survey. Although general limitations associated with mtDNA data preclude delineation of new species, I have redefined several species complexes and have also erected new informal species complexes. The dataset assembled here, which contains topotypic samples for all currently recognized species as well as most synonymies, should serve as a robust framework for future efforts to delimit species within Desmognathus.
Download or read book Phylogenetics and Population Status of Coastal Plain Dusky Salamanders Amphibia Caudata Plethodontidae written by David A. Beamer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Serological Investigation of Three Western Populations of Dusky Salamanders Genus Desmognathus with Comments on the Establishment of the Population on Crowley s Ridge written by Max Allen Nickerson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Evolution of the Dusky Salamanders Genus Desmognathus written by Sharyn Beth Marks and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating the Contribution of Multiple Dispersal Pathways to the Genetic Population Structure of Northern Dusky Salamanders Desmognathus Fuscus written by William L. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Headwater species are organisms that are primarily constrained to the upstream terminus of river networks with limited capacities for both in-stream and overland dispersal. Movement along alternative dispersal pathways is suggested to contribute to gene flow and the overall stability of headwater populations. Six microsatellite markers were used to assess gene flow along in-network and out-of-network pathways in a species of headwater salamander, Desmognathus fuscus, over multiple spatial scales. Overall, genetic divergence was significant among all populations (Fst = 0.027 to 0.405) and at all hierarchical spatial scales. Genetic clustering analyses suggested limited gene flow within and among watersheds, indicating that both dispersal pathways are involved in maintaining gene flow among headwater populations. Increased genetic distance was associated with out-of-network distance and the degree of urbanization in upland habitat. These results suggest that significant dispersal occurred along terrestrial pathways, but dispersal resistance appears to be greatest along these pathways.
Download or read book Ecological Interactions and Phylogenetics of Desmognathine Salamanders Caudata Plethodontidae Across the Eastern Continental Divide written by Leslie Jane Rissler and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fall and Winter Movement of Dusky Salamanders Desmognathus Fuscus in Putnam County Tennessee written by George Donald Collier and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Decline and Population Status of Desmognathine Salamanders in Florida written by Chace Holzheuser and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salamanders are often the most abundant vertebrates in forest communities and perform important ecological functions by acting as both predators and prey. Their decline, extirpation, and potential extinction can have dramatic effects on the environment through disruption of predator-prey interactions and alteration of nutrient cycles. Salamanders are also sensitive to habitat encroachment, disease, chemical contamination, and climate change, and their declines serve as an indication that environmental health may be compromised. Unfortunately, salamander declines and extinctions have been reported around the world. Several causes contribute to the declines including land use change, chemical contamination, over exploitation, invasive species, climate change and emerging pathogens.In the Eastern US, salamanders have experienced precipitous declines since at least the 1950s. Some have identifiable causes, but many declines are enigmatic, and studies are needed to identify potential causes and assess population status before restoration is possible. In Florida, declines have been reported in populations of Frosted Flatwoods Salamanders (A. cingulatum), Reticulated Flatwoods Salamanders (Ambystoma bishopi), Striped Newts (Notophthalmus perstriatus) and presumed Spotted Dusky Salamanders (D. compare conanti). Two other salamanders in Florida may also be in decline: the Seal Salamander (Desmognathus monticola) and the Southern Dusky Salamander (D. auriculatus). Dusky Salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae, Genus: Desmognathus) represent an understudied clade of lungless amphibians which are difficult to distinguish due to morphological conservatism. However, modern genetic techniques are revealing a previously hidden abundance of diversity, suggesting that local extirpation of "populations" may in fact represent species level extinctions. The overarching goals of my dissertation was to evaluate the current status of D. monticola and D. auriculatus in Florida and attempt to identify possible agents of their decline. I also investigated the prevalence of amphibian chytrid pathogens in historic and contemporary salamander populations in Florida. To answer my first question, I established historic location distributions in Florida from museum preserved specimens and surveyed all possible historic sites with traditional field techniques. Desmognathus monticola was restricted to a small series of ravines forming an unnamed tributary of Canoe Creek, Escambia Company We were unable to locate any specimens in the field, and show the population declined after their initial discovery in 1969. Desmognathus monticola has not been seen in the state of Florida since 2002 and appears to have been extirpated by poor land use practices. For D. auriculatus, I developed a custom environmental DNA (eDNA) assay and field collection technique to assist with species detection. I tested the effect of lentic versus lotic water habitat and pH on the efficacy of detecting D. auriculatus eDNA at sites of known presence. Although I found no significant effect of pH on eDNA detection success, I was unable to detect eDNA in lentic systems. However, I achieved 100% detection success at lotic system sites. I also detected D. auriculatus eDNA at one site of previously unknown presence but was unable to locate any live specimens during traditional surveys. I recommend conducting additional surveys at the site to ensure the eDNA detection was not a false positive. Finally, I conducted extensive field surveys throughout Florida to locate populations of D. auriculatus. I surveyed most historic collection sites and many new sites but found an extreme reduction in their area of occupancy, with the decline occurring in the 1970s. The Southern Dusky Salamander is now restricted to a few fragmented pockets in North Florida and appears to be extinct in the Florida Peninsula. Although the amphibian chytrid pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is present in current and historic salamander populations, its prevalence is low and does not appear to be the agent of decline. However, it is possible that infected wild D. auriculatus die shortly after contracting Bd and went untested, biasing our results. I was unable to determine the agent of D. auriculatus' decline, but comment on potential causes. In conclusion, my research is the first formal survey of the status of D. monticola since its initial discovery in 1969. I cannot assign a cause to its disappearance, but the most likely candidate is habitat destruction from poor forestry management. My research is also the first formal survey of D. auriculatus' status throughout the state of Florida. I demonstrate the utility of eDNA in locating the species, identify remaining populations, and address several possible causes of the species' decline.
Download or read book The Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders written by Richard C. Bruce and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a state-of-the-art overview of plethodontid salamanders. Readers will find the best current understanding of many aspects of the evolution, systematics, development, morphology, life history, ecology, and field methodology of these animals.
Download or read book Amphibians and Reptiles of Georgia written by John B. Jensen and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring more than 475 full-color photographs and 182 maps, this comprehensive guide to the state's diverse herpetofauna makes accessible a wealth of information about 170 species of frogs, salamanders, crocodilians, lizards, snakes, and turtles, including species attributes, behavior, life cycles, habitat, and more.
Download or read book Long Term Studies of Vertebrate Communities written by Martin L. Cody and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-10-24 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book synthesizes the ongoing long-term community ecology studies of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The studies have been conducted from deserts to rainforests as well as in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats and provide valuable insight that can be obtained only through persistent, diligent, and year-after-year investigation. Long-Term Studies of Vertebrate Communities is ideal for faculty, researchers, graduate students, and undergraduates in vertebrate biology, ecology, and evolutionary biology, including ecology, natural history, and systematics. Provides unique perspectives of community stability and variation Details the influence of natural and other perturbations on community structure Includes synopses by well-known authors Presents results from a broad range of vertebrate taxa Studies were conducted at different latitudes and in different habitats
Download or read book Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Anura written by B G M Jamieson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-01-08 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the major aspects of phylogeny and reproductive biology of frogs in chapters written by major authorities. Topics treated are: anuran phylogeny, classification and reproductive modes; gross anatomy of the reproductive system; oogenesis; endocrinology of reproduction; spermatogenesis and the mature spermatozoon; breeding glands; internal fertilization and sperm storage, parental care; general development; and molecular development.
Download or read book Alphaherpesviruses written by Sandra Knowles Weller and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alphaherpesviruses are a fascinating group of DNA viruses that includes important human pathogens such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV): the causative agents of cold sores, genital ulcerous disease, and chickenpox/shingles, respectively. A key attribute of these viruses is their ability to establish lifelong latent infection in the peripheral nervous system of the host. Such persistence requires subversion of the host's immune system and intrinsic antiviral defense mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of the immune evasion and what triggers viral reactivation is a major challenge for today's researchers. This has prompted enormous research efforts into understanding the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses. This up-to-date and comprehensive volume aims to distill the most important research in this area providing a timely overview of the field. Topics covered include: transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, translational control, virus entry and capsid assembly, the role of microRNAs in infection and oncolytic vectors for cancer therapy. In addition there is coverage of virus-host interactions, including apoptosis, subversion of host protein quality control and DNA damage response pathways, autophagy, establishment and reactivation from latency, interferon responses, immunity and vaccine development. Essential reading for everyone working with alphaherpesviruses and of interest to all virologists working on latent infections.
Download or read book The Amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by C. Kenneth Dodd and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Most guides to animals in parks are intended primarily as identification aids and include relatively little on the biology of the species. Dodd's book is much more, with detailed information on all aspects of the natural history of these species. Biologists, students, and visitors to Great Smoky Mountains National Park will find this an indispensable guide." --Arthur C. Echternacht Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee The Amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the first book devoted entirely to the natural history of the forty-four species of amphibians known to occur presently or historically in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee, in the most-visited national park in the United States. Features - The only comprehensive book on the natural history of the amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park - Beautiful original illustrations of salamander and frog larvae taken from specimens within the park - History of research and management effects on amphibians within the park - Extensive new information on the natural history of amphibians, based on four years of intensive field research - Simplified identification table guide to amphibian larvae - Summary of information on distribution (with range maps) and biogeography - Comprehensive bibliography of the literature on amphibians within the park - Summary of new data on the conservation of southern Appalachian amphibians, particularly with regard to land use, the effects of UV light, and disease C. Kenneth Dodd is a research zoologist with the U.S. Geological Survey at the Florida Integrated Science Center and is president of The Herpetologists' League. He is the author of North American Box Turtles: A Natural History and numerous articles in Journal of Herpetology, Biological Conservation, Herpetologica, and other publications. He lives in Gainesville, Florida.
Download or read book The Amphibians and Reptiles of Arkansas p written by and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The product of fifteen years of work by top herpetologists, this book is a comprehensive examination of the amphibians and reptiles of Arkansas, featuring over 136 species and subspecies. With over five hundred four-color photos, line drawings, and over one hundred maps, this user-friendly book will become the definitive text on the subject.
Download or read book Annals of Nature written by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
