Download or read book Total Electron Content Studies of the Ionosphere written by John A. Klobuchar and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio waves that pass through the earth's ionosphere travel more slowly than their free space velocity due to the group path delay of the ionosphere. This group path delay, directly proportional to the total electron content of the ionosphere, can be an important source of error to VHF, UHF and L-band satellite detection radars and satellite navigation systems. In this report, the current state of knowledge of ionospheric total electron content is outlined, with special emphasis placed on the North Atlantic region of the world due to NATO special requirements of this region. A numerical model of total electron content, valid over the European continent under certain conditions, is presented for systems engineering use for an average background total electron content correction. Typical values of total electron content are also given at various locations in the high, middle, and equatorial latitudes. If the results presented here seem incomplete, it is only because the state of knowledge of the total electron content parameter is still incomplete. With more observational data being taken at many locations, an over-all satisfactory picture of the world-wide behavior of this important parameter is beginning to emerge. (Author).
Download or read book Total Electron Content Studies of the Ionosphere written by John A. Klobuchar and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio waves that pass through the earth's ionosphere travel more slowly than their free space velocity due to the group path delay of the ionosphere. This group path delay, directly proportional to the total electron content of the ionosphere, can be an important source of error to VHF, UHF and L-band satellite detection radars and satellite navigation systems. In this report, the current state of knowledge of ionospheric total electron content is outlined, with special emphasis placed on the North Atlantic region of the world due to NATO special requirements of this region. A numerical model of total electron content, valid over the European continent under certain conditions, is presented for systems engineering use for an average background total electron content correction. Typical values of total electron content are also given at various locations in the high, middle, and equatorial latitudes. If the results presented here seem incomplete, it is only because the state of knowledge of the total electron content parameter is still incomplete. With more observational data being taken at many locations, an over-all satisfactory picture of the world-wide behavior of this important parameter is beginning to emerge.
Download or read book Total Electron Content Studies of the Ionosphere written by James Alan Secan and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of the Total Electron Content of the Ionosphere written by Terrance Leon Evan Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ionospheric Radio written by Kenneth Davies and published by IET. This book was released on 1990 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory text replaces two earlier publications (Davies 1965, 1969). Among the topics: characteristics of waves and plasma, the solar-terrestrial system, the Appleton formula, radio soundings of the ionosphere, morphology of the ionosphere, oblique propagation, importance of amplitude and phase, earth-space propagation. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Ionospheric Modeling written by B. S. Dandekar and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to familiarize a user of ionospheric models with the options presently available for ionospheric prediction and specification. Two types of ionospheric models are available: the numerical-phenomenological and theoretical models. From the numerical type, the ITS-78, IONCAP, and Bent models have been discussed. In the theoretical models the main concern is the number of parameters included in the model. Nine ionospheric models available have been summarized. The differences and limitations of these models are compared and tabulated. This information will help a user make a judicious selection of an ionospheric model to satisfy his specific needs. The sources for obtaining the programs for these models have been listed for ready references.
Download or read book Total Electron Content and Scintillation Studies of the Ionosphere written by Jules Aarons and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ionospheric Tomography written by Viacheslav E. Kunitsyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by leading international researchers, this monograph introduces and reviews developed tomograhic methods for discovering 2D and 3D structures of the ionosphere, and discusses the experimental implementation of these methods. The detailed derivations and explanations make this book an excellent starting point for non-specialists.
Download or read book Ionosphere New Perspectives written by Yann-Henri Chemin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-06-21 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere that extends from about 50 km to 1000 km above the Earth's surface. It is ionized by solar radiation, which creates ions and free electrons in the upper atmosphere. These ions and electrons reflect radio waves back to the Earth's surface, allowing long-distance radio communication as well as absorption of harmful solar radiation. Ionospheric conductivity monitoring assesses the state of the ionosphere and improves the accuracy of satellite communications. This book is organized into two sections on the influence and impact of transient or orbiting humanmade objects into the ionosphere and the monitoring and modeling of the temporal evolution of the ionosphere. The information presented will lead to a better understanding and forecasting of the ionosphere’s dynamic.
Download or read book Modeling the Ionosphere Thermosphere written by J. D. Huba and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 201. Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System brings together for the first time a detailed description of the physics of the IT system in conjunction with numerical techniques to solve the complex system of equations that describe the system, as well as issues of current interest. Volume highlights include discussions of: Physics of the ionosphere and thermosphere IT system, and the numerical methods to solve the basic equations of the IT system The physics and numerical methods to determine the global electrodynamics of the IT system The response of the IT system to forcings from below (i.e., the lower atmosphere) and from above (i.e., the magnetosphere) The physics and numerical methods to model ionospheric irregularities Data assimilation techniques, comparison of model results to data, climate variability studies, and applications to space weather Providing a clear description of the physics of this system in several tutorial-like articles, Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System is of value to the upper atmosphere science community in general. Chapters describing details of the numerical methods used to solve the equations that describe the IT system make the volume useful to both active researchers in the field and students.
Download or read book Global Positioning System written by Bradford W. Parkinson and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1996 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ionospheric Prediction and Forecasting written by Bruno Zolesi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how to predict and forecast the state of planet Earth’s ionosphere under quiet and disturbed conditions in terms of dynamical processes in the weakly ionized plasma media of the upper atmosphere and their relation to available modern measurements and modelling techniques. It explains the close relationship between the state of the media and the radio wave propagation conditions via this media. The prediction and forecasting algorithms, methods and models are oriented towards providing a practical approach to ionospherically dependent systems design and engineering. Proper understanding of the ionosphere is of fundamental practical importance because it is an essential part of telecommunication and navigation systems that use the ionosphere to function or would function much better in its nonappearance on the Earth and on any planet with an atmosphere.
Download or read book Mapping and Predicting the Earth s Ionosphere Using the Global Positioning System written by Stefan Schaer and published by . This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prediction of Total Electron Content Using the International Reference Ionosphere written by L. F. McNamara and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is a model of the ionosphere, based on experimental data, that has been proposed as a standard ionospheric model. As such, it should be tested extensively to determine its range of validity. One of the ways in which the electron density profile given by the IRI, especially above the peak of the F layer, can be tested is to compare calculated and observed values of total electron content (TEC). We have therefore studied the discrepancies between calculated and observed values of TEC recorded at 15 stations covering a wide range of longitudes and latitudes mainly in the northern hemisphere, and mainly for high levels of solar activity. We have found that the IRI produces reasonably accurate values of TEC at mid- and high-latitudes, but that if greatly underestimates the daytime values of TEC at low latitudes. We conclude therefore that the daytime electron density profile given by the IRI is reasonably accurate at mid- and high-latitudes; at least above the peak of the F2 layer. The situation at low latitudes clearly requires more work, and we have suggested two possible lines of study. The generally low discrepancies at night indicate that the nighttime electron density profiles given by the IRI correspond fairly closely to the actual profiles.
Download or read book Atmospheric Effects in Space Geodesy written by Johannes Böhm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various effects of the atmosphere have to be considered in space geodesy and all of them are described and treated consistently in this textbook. Two chapters are concerned with ionospheric and tropospheric path delays of microwave and optical signals used by space geodetic techniques, such as the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), or Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). It is explained how these effects are best reduced and modelled to improve the accuracy of space geodetic measurements. Other chapters are on the deformation of the Earth’s crust due to atmospheric loading, on atmospheric excitation of Earth rotation, and on atmospheric effects on gravity field measurements from special satellite missions such as CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE. All chapters have been written by staff members of the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation at TU Wien who are experts in the particular fields.
Download or read book Total Electron Content and Scintillation Studies of the Ionosphere AGARDograph No 166 written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Earth s Ionosphere written by Michael Kelly and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics emphasizes the study of plasma physics and electrodynamics of the ionosphere, including many aeronomical influences. The ionosphere is somewhat of a battleground between the earth's neutral atmosphere and the sun's fully ionized atmosphere, in which the earth is embedded. One of the challenges of ionosphere research is to know enough about these two vast fields of research to make sense out of ionospheric phenomena. This book provides insights into how these competing sources of mass, momentum, and energy compete for control of the ionosphere. Some of the topics discussed include the fundamentals of ionospheric plasma dynamics; equatorial plasma instabilities; high-latitude electrodynamics; and instabilities and structure in the high-latitude ionosphere. Throughout this text only the region above 90 km are discussed, ignoring the D region entirely. This publication is a good source of information for students and individuals conducting research on earth’s ionosphere.
