Download or read book Torsional Shear Strength and Size Effect in Structural Composite Lumber written by Zhuo Yang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The natural variation of strength properties within brittle materials leads to size effect, a well-known phenomenon whereby the mean strength of a material is observed to decrease as the stressed volume increases. An important implication of size effect is that size adjustment parameters must be incorporated into multi-axial constitutive and failure models used in numerical simulations to predict material response to loading. This experimental study seeks to verify and quantify the presence of depth effect under shear failure in the orthotropic principal material directions of parallel strand lumber (PSL) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Torsion tests have been performed on specimens of fixed length and differing cross section to get a pure shear failure, by using a Universal Test Machine. The experimental results indicate that there is no depth effect for LVL from torsional shear stresses. PSL testing was limited to one size, and depth effect was not evaluated. A finite element model was built to simulate the torsional test for the 44x140mm LVL specimen. Comparing the experimental test results and the simulation results, the model provided an accurate prediction of the torsional test for Structural Composite Lumber.
Download or read book Shear Strength of Structural Composite Lumber Using Torsion Tests written by R. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Torsion tests were used to determine the shear strength of full-size structural composite lumber (SCL). Eighty-five rectangular specimens of laminated strand lumber (LSL), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and parallel strand lumber (PSL) were tested. LSL failed along the strand (LT Plane) and in a brittle manner. LVL and PSL failed across the veneer/strand (LR plane) and in a ductile manner. Different failure modes were observed due to the differences in the shear moduli in two longitudinal planes (GLT and GLR). Based on orthotropic theory, the shear strength of LSL, LVL, and PSL is 6.43 MPa (TLR), 7.96 MPa (TLT), and 6.82 MPa (TLT), respectively. Based on the results of this study, the torsion test is recommended as a standard method for determining the pure shear strength of full-size SCL, since it is the only known test method to date that imposes a state of pure shear stress in the specimens.
Download or read book Principles of Structural Design written by Ram S. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anyone involved with structural design, whether a student or a practicing engineer, must maintain a functional understanding of wood, steel, and concrete design principles. In covering all of these materials, Principles of Structural Design: Wood, Steel, and Concrete fills a gap that exists in the instructional resources. It provides a self-contained authoritative source that elaborates on the most recent practices together with the code-connected fundamentals that other books often take for granted. Dr. Ram Gupta, a professional engineer, provides readers with insights garnered over a highly active 40-year international career. Organized for ready reference, the book is divided into four main sections. Part I covers loads, load combinations, and specific code requirements for different types of loads. It elaborates on the LRFD (load resistance factor design) philosophy and the unified approach to design. Part II covers sawn lumber, structural glued laminated timber, and structural composite lumber. It reviews tension, compression, and bending members, as well as the effects of column and beam stabilities and combined forces. Part III considers the steel design of individual tension, compression, and bending members. Additionally, it provides designs for braced and unbraced frames. Open-web steel joists and joist girders are included here as they form a common type of flooring system for steel-frame buildings. Part IV analyzes the design of reinforced beams and slabs, shear and torsion, compression and combined compression, and flexure in relation to basic concrete structures. This textbook presents the LRFD approach for designing structural elements according to the latest codes. Written for architecture and construction management majors, it is equally suitable for civil and structural engineers.
Download or read book Length Effects in Tensile Strength in the Orthogonal Directions of Structural Composite Lumber written by Sanjay R. Arwade and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The natural variation of strength properties within brittle materials leads to the phenomenon of size effect which causes the expected strength of a material to decrease as the stressed volume increases. An important implication of size effect is that size adjustment parameters must be incorporated into multi-axial constitutive and failure models used in numerical simulations such as those made using the finite element method. These size adjustments are based on the sizes of the individual elements, rather than the size of the structural member. This experimental study seeks to determine whether such a size effect is present in the orthotropic principal material directions of parallel strand lumber (PSL) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and, if the effect is present, to quantify it. Tensile tests were performed on specimens of different test section lengths oriented in the longitudinal, transverse, and through-thickness (PSL only) directions and size effect adjustment parameters were estimated. Statistical results indicate the existence of size effect in LVL and PSL for the longitudinal and transverse directions.
Download or read book Experimental Evaluation of the Torsion Test for Determining Shear Strength of Structural Lumber written by R. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The torsion test was evaluated as a method for determining shear strength of full-size, structural lumber by length and depth studies. The length study consisted of fifty 38 by 89 mm specimens, ten each of lengths 0.5 m, 0.7 m, 0.8 m, 0.9 m, and 1.0 m, and ten shear blocks. The statistical analysis showed no evidence that length affected shear strength. The depth study consisted of 50 specimens, ten each of sizes 38 by 89 mm, 38 by 140 mm, 38 by 184 mm, 38 by 235 mm, and 38 by 286 mm, and 50 shear blocks. The statistical analysis did not show convincing evidence of a depth effect on shear strength, even after accounting for specific gravity and shear span as covariates. Failure modes were similar to shear failures observed in bending tests, and involved a longitudinal shear crack at the wide face, which propagated toward the ends of the specimens and through the cross section perpendicular to growth rings. Based on results of this study, the torsion test is the best practical method for determining pure shear strength of full-size, structural lumber.
Download or read book Evaluation of the Torsion Test for Determining the Shear Strength of Structural Lumber written by Leanne Renee Heck and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The torsion test was evaluated as a method for determining the shear strength of full-size structural lumber. The evaluation involved an experimental length study, an experimental depth study, and a finite element study. The length study consisted of fifty nominal 2x4 specimens, ten specimens for each length, and ten American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) shear blocks. One 14 foot long board yielded one specimen for each length: (a) 21.0", (b) 28.5", (c) 32.0", (d) 35.5", (e) 39.0", and (f) an ASTM D143-94 shear block. The statistical analysis revealed no evidence that the length affected the shear strength. The depth study consisted of fifty specimens, ten specimens for each depth: (a) 2x4, (b) 2x6, (c) 2x8, (d) 2x10, and (e) 2x12. In addition, fifty ASTM shear blocks, one block for each specimen, were tested. The statistical study did not reveal convincing evidence of a depth effect on shear strength, even after accounting for specific gravity and shear span as covariates. Failure modes for the torsion samples involved a longitudinal shear crack at the mid-point of the longest side, which propagated toward the ends of the specimen and through the cross section perpendicular to the growth rings. The finite element model revealed that uniform shear stress occurs within the shear span, which begins and ends a distance of approximately two times the depth plus the grip distance away from each end of the member. In addition, torsion theory verified that the experimental shear failure plane that occurs within the shear span is parallel to the grain and the shear slippage is also parallel to the grain, similar to the known shear failure in specimens subjected to bending loads. Based on the results of this study, the torsion test is the best practical method to determine the pure shear strength of full-size structural lumber, because the test yields 100% shear failures and the specimen is in a state of pure shear stress.
Download or read book General Technical Report FPL written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pilot Study of Shear Strength of Structural Composite Lumber I Configuration written by Winnie Yick Man Louis and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Wood written by The United States Department of Agriculture and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2007-05-17 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information on adhesive bonding, biodeterioration, control of moisturecontent, preservation, fire safety, specialty treatments, and much...
Download or read book Structural Timber Design written by Werner Seim and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-05 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Timber Design Timber construction has been one of the most innovative areas of the building industry for several years. The speed with which new products are introduced into practical application is almost breathtaking compared to the other construction materials in the building industry. As a result, timber construction is continuously increasing its market share in commercial buildings and hall structures, and even in multi-storey construction for residential and office buildings. This book provides essential knowledge and skills required for the design, detailing, and construction of timber structures. Special emphasis is placed on the specific features of timber and wood-based materials compared to other construction materials. This concerns the numerous advantages, as e.g. the comparatively low weight, the good workability of the high-performance material and the large variety of assembling technologies, but also the challenges resulting from the material anisotropy and from the susceptibility to natural pests. In each chapter the essential phenomena are explained first and then brought into connection with code regulations. This aims to support the basic understanding of the interrelations and dependencies in timber engineering, which is the fundamental basis of creative engineering.
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Test Methods for Evaluating Shear Strength of Structural Lumber written by Djoko S. Riyanto and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five different test methods to determine the parallel-to-grain shear strength of Douglas-fir structural lumber were compared. Four methods assessed the shear strength of lumber sections having a full nominal two by four inch cross-section. These were: three-point bending, four-point bending, five-point bending, and torsion. The fifth method was the ASTM D 143 small specimen test for the shear strength of clear wood. A completely randomized statistical design used seventy six pieces of nominal 2x4 inch, 12 feet long lumber to make 380 matched specimens for the five test methods (76 specimens for each test method). All full cross-section bending specimens had a constant shear span of 5d, where d is the depth of the specimen (3.5 inches). The small, clear specimens were similar to those specified in ASTM D 143 except that the thickness was one and a half inches. Analysis of variance indicated that at least one of the average shear strengths from the five different test methods was significantly different from the other (p-value = 0.00) at 5% significance level. The Duncan multiple comparison test showed that the average shear strength from the three-point bending test and the torsion test are not statistically different. The torsion test appeared to be the best test method for determining shear strength of wood as a material because this test is able to produce pure shear stress in the specimen, and always produces shear failure. The three-point bending test was a good test method for determining shear strength of wood as a structural component because this test uses a bending s et-up which closely approximates real life applications of wood, and produces the highest percentage of shear failure among the other bending test methods. The shear strengths determined from the torsion test, three-point bending test, and five-point bending test are linearly correlated with the shear strength obtained from the small, clear specimen test. The shear strengths from the small, clear specimen test and the torsion test have significant relationships with specific gravity. No test shear strength had a significant relationship with bending modulus of elasticity of original lumber.
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber Via Five Point Bending Test written by JP. Bradtmueller and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The five-point bending test is shown to be an effective and efficient way of determining the mechanical properties of structural composite lumber. Shear strength, bending strength, shear-free Young's modulus of elasticity and shear modulus for both plank (flatwise) and joist (edgewise) orientations can be obtained with simple adjustments of the test configuration. Span or span-to-depth ratios are adjusted to produce either predominantly shear or bending failure. To determine elastic constants, a removable center support creates the necessary situation for both four-point bending and five-point bending. Use of a deflection yoke is especially important in determining the shear moduli. Results are reported for testing laminated veneer lumber. which was selected as representative of the evolving family of structural composite lumber products.
Download or read book Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 29-30 contain papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54, pts. A-F, papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Timber Design to Eurocode 5 written by Jack Porteous and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-05-23 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Timber Design to Eurocode 5 is a comprehensive book which provides practising engineers and specialist contractors with detailed information and in-depth guidance on the design of timber structures based on the common rules and rules for buildings in Eurocode 5 - Part 1-1. It will also be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students of civil and structural engineering. The book provides a step-by-step approach to the design of all of the most commonly used timber elements and connections using solid timber, glued laminated timber or wood based structural products. It features numerous detailed worked examples, and incorporates the requirements of the UK National Annex. It covers the strength and stiffness properties of timber and its reconstituted and engineered products; the key requirements of Eurocode 0, Eurocode 1 and Eurocode 5 - Part 1-1; the design of beams and columns of solid timber, glued laminated, composite and thin-webbed sections; the lateral stability requirements of timber structures; and the design of mechanical connections subjected to lateral and/or axial forces as well as rigid and semi-rigid connections subjected to a moment. The Authors Jack Porteous is a consulting engineer specialising in timber engineering. He is a Chartered Engineer, Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers and Member of the Institution of Structural Engineers. He is a visiting scholar and lecturer in timber engineering at Napier University. Abdy Kermani is the Professor of Timber Engineering and R&D consultant at Napier University. He is a Chartered Engineer, Member of the Institution of Structural Engineers and Fellow of the Institute of Wood Science with over 20 years' experience in civil and structural engineering research, teaching and practice. The authors have led several research and development programmes on the structural use of timber and its reconstituted products. Their research work in timber engineering is internationally recognised and published widely. Also of Interest Timber Designers' Manual Third Edition E.C. Ozelton & J.A. Baird Paperback 978 14051 4671 5 Cover design by Garth Stewart
Download or read book Building Structures written by James Ambrose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-18 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comprehensive reference on the basics of structural analysis and design, now updated with the latest considerations of building technology Structural design is an essential element of the building process, yet one of the most difficult to learn. While structural engineers do the detailed consulting work for a building project, architects need to know enough structural theory and analysis to design a building. Most texts on structures for architects focus narrowly on the mathematical analysis of isolated structural components, yet Building Structures looks at the general concepts with selected computations to understand the role of the structure as a building subsystem—without the complicated mathematics. New to this edition is a complete discussion of the LRFD method of design, supplemented by the ASD method, in addition to: The fundamentals of structural analysis and design for architects A glossary, exercise problems, and a companion website and instructor's manual Material ideally suited for preparing for the ARE exam Profusely illustrated throughout with drawings and photographs, and including new case studies, Building Structures, Third Edition is perfect for nonengineers to understand and visualize structural design.
