Download or read book Top 10 Volume Indicators Technical Analysis written by The Financial Edits and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on 2023-04-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Top 10] Volume Indicators - Technical Analysis

Download or read book Technical Indicators With Formula written by and published by Zex Spyder. This book was released on with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical indicators can inform you about different aspects of the market, such as trend, volatility, momentum, market strength, cycle, and so on. They are mathematical calculations that can be applied to a stock's price, volume, or, even, to another technical indicator. The result is a value that is used to anticipate future changes in prices. Indicators serve three broad functions-to alert, to confirm and to predict. When choosing an indicator to use for analysis, try to choose indicators that complement each other, instead of those that generate the same signals such as Stochastics and RSI, which are good for showing overbought and oversold levels. For analyzing trends, use trend following indicators like moving averages. For trading ranges, use oscillators like RSI. There are 42 technical indicators in this ebook with brief description and mathematical formula of each. Finding potential stocks are easy using these indicators especially if you have charting software which allows you to create your own filters. As always in technical analysis, learning how to read indicators is more of an art than a science.

Download or read book 100 Technical Indicators for Intraday Trading written by The Financial Edits and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on 2023-04-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 100+ Technical Indicators for Intraday Trading 1. Trend Indicators 1. Moving Average (MA) 2. Exponential Moving Average (EMA) 3. Weighted Moving Average (WMA) 4. Hull Moving Average (HMA) 5. Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) 6. Average Directional Index (ADX) 7. Parabolic Stop and Reverse (Parabolic SAR) 8. Linear Regression 9. Aroon 10. Ichimoku Kinko Hyo 2. Momentum Indicators 1. Relative Strength Index (RSI) 2. Stochastic Oscillator 3. Williams %R 4. Rate of Change (ROC) 5. Commodity Channel Index (CCI) 6. Ultimate Oscillator 7. Money Flow Index (MFI) 8. Force Index 9. Elder-Ray Index 10. Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) 3. Volatility Indicators 1. Bollinger Bands 2. Average True Range (ATR) 3. Keltner Channels 4. Donchian Channels 5. Standard Deviation 6. Historical Volatility 7. Chaikin Volatility 8. Volatility Ratio 9. Average Daily Range (ADR) 10. True Range (TR) 4. Volume Indicators 1. On Balance Volume (OBV) 2. Volume Rate of Change (VROC) 3. Accumulation/Distribution Line (ADL) 4. Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) 5. Money Flow Ratio (MFR) 6. Negative Volume Index (NVI) 7. Positive Volume Index (PVI) 8. Volume Oscillator 9. Volume-Weighted Moving Average (VWMA) 10. Volume-Price Trend (VPT) 5. Support and Resistance Indicators 1. Pivot Points 2. Fibonacci Retracement 3. Fibonacci Extension 4. Gann Fan 5. Gann Square 6. Speed Lines 7. Trendline 8. Resistance Line 9. Support Line 10. Andrews Pitchfork 6. Price Patterns 1. Head and Shoulders 2. Double Top/Double Bottom 3. Triple Top/Triple Bottom 4. Ascending/Descending Triangle 5. Cup and Handle 6. Flag and Pennant 7. Wedge 8. Rectangle 9. Rounded Top/Rounded Bottom 10. Harmonic Patterns 7. Candlestick Patterns 1. Hammer/Hanging Man 2. Inverted Hammer/Shooting Star 3. Engulfing Pattern 4. Harami 5. Morning Star/Evening Star 6. Doji 7. Spinning Top 8. Marubozu 9. Three Black Crows/Three White Soldiers 10. Gravestone Doji/Dragonfly Doji 8. Market Breadth Indicators 1. Advance-Decline Line (AD Line) 2. Advance-Decline Ratio (ADR) 3. Arms Index (TRIN) 4. McClellan Oscillator 5. McClellan Summation Index 6. New Highs-New Lows Index 7. Percentage Price Oscillator (PPO) 8. High-Low Index 9. Bullish Percent Index 10. Market Facilitation Index (MFI) 9. Cycle Indicators 1. Detrended Price Oscillator (DPO) 2. Schaff Trend Cycle (STC) 3. Elliott Wave Theory 4. Time Cycles 5. Kondratiev Wave 6. Gann Time Clusters 7. Hurst Cycle 8. Sinewave Indicator 9. Cycle Period 10. Dynamic Cycle Explorer (DCE) 10. Sentiment Indicators 1. Put/Call Ratio 2. Volatility Index (VIX) 3. Market Sentiment Index 4. Commitments of Traders (COT) Report 5. Consensus Bullish Sentiment Index 6. Short Interest Ratio 7. Margin Debt 8. NYSE Short Interest Ratio 9. Insider Trading Activity 10. AAII Sentiment Survey

Download or read book Technical Markets Indicators written by Richard J. Bauer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-11-26 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of technical market indicators has long been a controversial subject, highly regarded by some and treated with great skepticism by others. Yet, the number of indicators-and the number of individual investors and finance professionals using them-continues to grow. Now, more than ever, there is an urgent need for objective testing to determine the validity of these indicators. Technical Market Indicators is a unique study of the performance of many of the most widely used technical analysis indicators. The authors explore in an unbiased, rigorous manner whether these indicators consistently perform well or fail to do the job. They explain which indicators work best and why, providing a clear picture of what the investor is likely to experience when using technical analysis. Unlike other books on the subject, Technical Market Indicators provides a comprehensive testing of indicators that uses a large sample of stocks over a twelve-year time period, encompassing varying market conditions. Instead of using the traditional technical analysis charts, this detailed analysis takes a different approach, calculating numbers based on various relationships and letting the numbers dictate the decisions. This allows the investor to use technical methods without ever consulting a chart. From an objective standpoint, the authors address both the pro and con arguments of using technical analysis and attempt to shed additional light onto the controversy through their systematic testing. They also alert the investor to the many different issues that must be addressed when using technical indicators, including performance measurement criteria, consistency of results, combining indicators, portfolio considerations, and leveraging. This indispensable resource features: * Comprehensive testing of sixty different technical indicators, fully described, including Trading Band Crossover, Relative Strength Peaks, Random Walk Breakout, Candle Belt Hold, and Volume Trend * An explanation of the underlying concepts behind the indicators and their methods of calculation * In-depth results of tests on each individual indicator, with over 250 pages of detailed tables * An examination of trading rules that combine two or more indicators and a report of a sampling of the best combinations * An annotated bibliography. For those new to technical analysis or for the experienced analyst looking for some fresh angles on the subject, this one-of-a-kind resource is the only one you'll need to navigate the increasingly complex maze of technical market indicators. Can technical analysis be used as an effective tool to enhance investment performance? This question is currently on the minds of many investors and traders. The answer can be found in this invaluable, comprehensive resource, which provides a detailed analysis of the most commonly used indicators, explaining in detail which indicators seem to work best, why, under what conditions, and with which kinds of financial instruments. "Do technical market indicators provide useful information to the stock trader or is it impossible to beat a buy and hold strategy? Bauer and Dahlquist tackle this controversy by rigorously testing 60 indicators on 878 stocks over a 12-year period. Their explanations of the indicators, the testing process, and the results are clear and concise. The 12 major conclusions based on this extensive research will provide the reader with plenty of opportunities to follow Bauer and Dahlquist's final advice: 'Keep learning and keep thinking. '" - Tom Bierovic Manager, System Trading & Development Education Omega Research, Inc. "Who says a technician has to use charts? Here is a book that sidesteps traditional technical analysis and describes how tabular data can be more informative." - Ralph Acampora Managing Director Prudential Securities.

Download or read book Top 10 trend Indicators Technical Analysis written by The Financial Edits and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on 2023-04-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Top 10] trend Indicators - Technical Analysis

Download or read book 12 Simple Technical Indicators written by Mark Larson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With over 200 indicators available to traders, it is impossible to pick the ones that will make money over and over again...until now. A two-time, best-selling author and writer of a weekly commentary at www.incometrader.com, Mark Larson is an expert trader willing to share the secrets of his favorite technical tools. To maximize the power of this guide, you'll also receive the full 90-minute DVD and access to an interactive online review tool at Traders' Library's Education Corner, including self-tests that make sure you absorb every valuable strategy. Inside this coursebook, you will learn how to: Leverage parameters to make your indicators profitable in both bear and bull markets; Combine the most powerful indicators on one chart to create a winning trading system; Optimize your entries and exits with specific indicators; Use ATR for setting stop losses; Utilize stock scans for a competitive edge. From standards like the MACD to newer tools like Time Segmented Volume and Inertia, Larson will teach you how each indicator works, how to use it effectively, and how to adopt it to your own unique trading style.

Download or read book Technical Analysis for Beginners written by Charles G. Koonitz and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's strange to observe that in an age where information is so abundant and easy to access, a very small number of investors understand the functioning of the stock charts. Many more believe that the up-and-down level of a share is strongly connected to a company's profitability. Either because of doubt or a lack of understanding, most traders and investors trust their friends, colleagues or pseudo-specialist gurus to help them make good trading and investment choices.This book has been written to help the new traders who trust blindly in those close to them, their colleagues or financial gurus, and want to understand chart patterns before investing in stocks. Take control of your investments Technical Analysis for Beginners, or Stop Blindly Following Stock Picks of Wall Street's Gurus and Learn Technical Analysis is easy to understand, and it addresses the people who want to use tools that allow detection of buy-and-sell signals. This book includes more than 100 examples, figures and tables that will help your understand investments visually. Several stock market charts show entry points, exit points and even false signals. Dummies need to understand technical analysis The best way to foresee the future is to analyze the past. This book is a guide to avoiding many traps in the financial markets. I will show you how to use the stock market charts and how to enrich them with indicators, which will allow you to enter and exit the market at the right time. Know how to spot the market's trend Learn how to detect the stages of a share to make a better anticipation of the sale periods. Numerous examples show you how to highlight the trend, the support, the resistance and the trend channel, as well as the positive and negative divergences and the candlestick patterns. Identify breakout and breakdown The term "breakout" is used by traders in action. It's associated with multiple upward figures and marks the debut of a new rising trend. Learn to detect and use breakout to make good selections of stocks. Identify bullish and bearish patterns Certain configurations allow anticipating a configuration or a trend reversal. We have included numerous graphs and figures that facilitate learning. The examples are improved with comments and symbols that facilitate comprehension. Know how to use the different types of indicators There are a great number of technical indicators. New ones are created each year. However, you should limit their use and make a choice among the four families of indicators that follow: Trend indicators Momentum indicators Volatility indicators Volume indicators Avoid traps, errors and false signals Technical analysis cannot guarantee 100 percent success. The traps can be detected on a graph, but they can also come from the ones that make purchase recommendations to you, such as people that provide pump and dump scenarios or stock promoters from the web. Graphic analysis of the shares is essential before any investment. Understand the market's emotional cycle It's difficult to leave your emotions aside when your portfolio has lost 10 percent in just one day. Don't put yourself in vulnerable situations. Keep your emotions balanced by investing at the appropriate moment. Configure your charts You only need a couple of minutes to do the technical analysis of a stock. You can rapidly make judgments on the quality of the targeted shares or ETF. Invest in your knowledge, invariably be skeptical about the recommendations of specialists, and analyze their choices before investing! Technical analysis for beginners Part Two will be available soon.

Download or read book 70 Technical Indicators Mastering Intraday Trading written by The Financial Edits and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on 2023-02-05 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 70+ Technical Indicators - Mastering Intraday Trading Table of Contents Introduction. 3 1. Moving Averages (Simple, Exponential, Weighted) 3 2. Bollinger Bands. 4 3. Relative Strength Index (RSI) 5 4. Stochastic Oscillator. 5 5. MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) 6 6. Fibonacci Retracements. 7 7. Pivot Points. 7 8. Candlestick Patterns. 8 9. Trendlines. 9 10. Ichimoku Cloud. 9 11. ADX (Average Directional Index) 10 12. ATR (Average True Range) 11 13. CCI (Commodity Channel Index) 12 14. Parabolic SAR.. 12 15. Volume Profile. 13 16. On-Balance Volume (OBV) 14 17. MFI (Money Flow Index) 15 18. Time Series Forecast. 16 19. Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA) 17 20. Donchian Channel 18 21. Heiken Ashi Candlesticks. 19 22. Momentum Indicator. 19 23. Bollinger Band Width.. 20 24. Keltner Channel 21 25. Volume-Weighted Moving Average (VWMA) 22 26. Volume Oscillator. 23 27. Price Oscillator. 24 28. Price Volume Trend (PVT) 24 29. Bollinger Band Percentage B.. 25 30. Price Channel 26 31. Envelopes. 27 32. Median Price. 28 33. Weighted Close Price. 28 34. Triangular Moving Average. 29 35. Simple Moving Average Envelope. 30 36. Price Rate of Change (ROC) 31 37. Momentum Oscillator. 32 38. Standard Deviation. 33 39. Volume Moving Average. 34 40. Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA) 35 41. Smoothed Moving Average. 36 42. Adaptive Moving Average (AMA) 37 43. Fractal Chaos Bands. 38 44. Elder's Force Index. 39 45. Market Facilitation Index (MFI) 40 46. Accumulation/Distribution Line. 42 47. Chaikin Oscillator. 43 48. Mass Index. 44 49. True Strength Indicator (TSI) 44 50. Average Directional Movement Index (ADX) 45 51. Moving Average of Oscillator (OsMA) 46 52. Commodity Selection Index (CSI) 47 53. Detrended Price Oscillator (DPO) 48 54. Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) 49 55. Money Flow (MF) 49 56. Negative Volume Index (NVI) 50 57. Trend Strength (TS) 52 58. Ease of Movement (EOM) 52 59. Ultimate Oscillator. 54 60. Vortex Indicator. 55 61. Aroon Oscillator. 55 62. Williams %R.. 56 63. Balance of Power (BOP) 58 64. Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) 58 65. Median Price Indicator. 59 66. Price Momentum Oscillator (PMO) 61 67. Swing Index. 62 68. Triple Moving Average Crossover System... 63 69. Commodity Channel Index (CCI) with Bollinger Bands. 64 70. Moving Average Crossover System... 65 71. Price Trend. 66 72. Price Channel Breakout. 67 73. Price Volume Trend (PVT) with Bollinger Bands. 68 74. Moving Average Crossover with Bollinger Bands. 69

Download or read book The Trader s Book of Volume The Definitive Guide to Volume Trading written by Mark Leibovit and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to translate the "language" of volume! Mark Leibovit, a leading market strategist and technical analyst with more than 35 years of trading experience, possesses a solid track record of predicting important movements in the financial market—including Black Monday of 1987, the bear markets of 2000 and 2008, and the “flash crash” of May 2010. Now, with The Trader’s Book of Volume, his secrets are yours! Focusing exclusively on volume technical analysis, The Trader’s Book of Volume describes the basics of volume, explains how to use it to identify and assess the strength of trade-worthy trends, and provides in-depth techniques and strategies for trading volume indicators for profit. With more than 400 charts and graphs, The Trader’s Book of Volume also exhaustively illustrates how readers can profit from a wide array of volume indicators, including: Broad Market Volume Indicators—Cumulative Volume Index, ARMS Index, Upside-Downside Volume, Nasdaq/ NYSE Volume Ratio, Yo-Yo Indicator Volume Indicators—Accumulation/ Distribution, Intraday Intensity, Negative Volume Index, On-Balance Volume, Open Interest Volume Oscillators—Klinger Oscillator, Chaikin Money Flow, Ease of Movement, Volume Oscillator Leibovit Volume Reversal IndicatorTM, the author’s proprietary methodology Under the author’s expert guidance, you can seamlessly incorporate Volume Analysis into your day-to-day trading program. Without a proper approach to Volume Analysis, Leibovit asserts, you’re essentially trading in the “land of the blind.” Use The Trader’s Book of Volume to gain the clearest view possible of market trends and react to them with the confidence and smarts for consistent trading success—and avoid every market crash the future holds.

Download or read book Investing with Volume Analysis written by Buff Pelz Dormeier and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the continual pursuit for higher profits, investors and traders alike often assume significantly higher risks while chasing the next hot opportunity. Other more sophisticated investors attempt to employ complicated indicators while not fully understanding the information the indicator was designed to reveal. On the other hand, savvy investors employ analysis to gauge the market, positioning themselves to potentially earn higher profits with significantly less risk. Volume analysis attempts to delve deep inside the market trends to help identify shifts within the markets. Investing with Volume Analysis: Identify, Follow, and Profit from Trendspresents an enlightened perspective on the role of volume, not only in pragmatic terms but also in terms of apprehending the underlying rationale of how and why. Award-winning technical analyst Buff Pelz Dormeier teaches state-of-the-art methods for analyzing the relationship of volume to price movements and the evolution of market trends.

Download or read book Top 10 Support and Resistance Indicators Technical Analysis written by The Financial Edits and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on 2023-04-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Top 10] Support and Resistance Indicators - Technical Analysis

Download or read book Top 10 Sentiment Indicators Technical Analysis written by The Financial Edits and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on 2023-04-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Top 10] Sentiment Indicators - Technical Analysis

Download or read book Float Analysis written by Steve Woods and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to trading with price, volume, and float Float Analysis explains how to use the Woods Cumulative Volume Float Indicator, the landmark concept in technical analysis that teaches the reader how to accurately determine when to purchase stocks. This groundbreaking book also contains all-new insights on how to understand and profit from these indicators, how support and resistance are redefined by this innovation, and how to implement these strategies into a high-growth portfolio. Steve Woods (Hyattsville, MD) is the Executive Director of FloatAnalysis.com and has written a number of articles for various journals including Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities. New technology and the advent of around the clock trading have opened the floodgates to both foreign and domestic markets. Traders need the wisdom of industry veterans and the vision of innovators in today's volatile financial marketplace. The Wiley Trading series features books by traders who have survived the market's ever changing temperament and have prospered-some by reinventing systems, others by getting back to basics. Whether a novice trader, professional or somewhere in-between, these books will provide the advice and strategies needed to prosper today and well into the future.

Download or read book Understanding Momentum in Investment Technical Analysis written by Michael C. Thomsett and published by Business Expert Press. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains and demonstrates the concept of momentum in chart analysis, which is of great interest to technical analysts. It includes complete explanations of overbought and oversold, where momentum fits in the broader science of technical analysis, and the importance of moving average crossover. Five major momentum oscillators are explained in depth: relative strength index, MACD, rate of change, stochastics, and Bollinger Bands. Finally, the book provides trading guidance based on momentum, involving coordination of oscillators with other indicators, reversal, and continuation signals. Momentum powerfully identifies the strength and speed of price movement. Through the use of index calculations, momentum is effective when used as a confirming indicator for other signals found in price, volume, or moving averages. Often overlooked by traders focused solely on price reversals or continuation signals, momentum provides a context to price behavior and to the price trend, and can vastly improves the timing of both entry and exit of trades.

Download or read book Granville s New Key to Stock Market Profits written by Joseph E. Granville and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this remarkable stock market study, one of Wall Street’s best known market analysts reveals a new technical tool he developed for gauging the pulse of the trading cycle. Called the On Balance Volume Theory, this tool tends to fill in some of the conspicuous voids in the famous Dow Theory—especially the lack of discussion and use of stock volume figures. As straightforward as a set of bridge rules, on-balance volume (OBV) denotes each buy and sell signal so that a trader can follow them without his own emotions tending to lead him astray—emotions causing most of the market misjudgements that take place. The Granville OBV method is essentially scientific, has a high degree of accuracy and has many automatic features. The reader of this book will be introduced to a method whereby he may benefit by the earlier movements of volume over price—the “early warning” radar of volume buy and sell signals.

Download or read book Mastering Technical Analysis Chapter 6 Volume written by John C. Brooks and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2005-09-09 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a chapter from Mastering Technical Analysis, a practical examination of the key tools of technical analysis--how they work, why they work, and which work best in specific situations. Written by one of the founding members of the Market Technicians Association, it will provide you with the guidance and insights you need to improve your trading performance, by removing the guesswork from every move you make.

Download or read book Technical Analysis in Forex and Stock Market written by Young Ho Seo and published by www.algotrading-investment.com. This book was released on with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is another effort for me to introduce the scientific trading for the trading community in Forex and Stock market. In my previous five books, I provided the details on how technical analysis can predict the market in conjunction with fractal wave. However, I felt that I could expand this on other technical analysis outside Support, Resistance, Triangle Pattern, Fibonacci Analysis, Harmonic Pattern, Elliott Wave, and X3 Chart Pattern. Hence, I chosen the supply and demand analysis to accomplish this goal. My goal was to provide you more practical trading examples. So that you can learn how to make use of the fractal wave in practice for your trading. The idea behind the supply and demand analysis starts with understanding the supply and demand curve in Economics. However, you do not need the deep understanding of the supply demand curve and Economics to use this technique. Hence, this technical analysis is accessible by anyone. In fact, the supply and demand analysis shares some common attributes with the volume spread analysis (VSA) devised by Richard Wyckoff. For example, the supply and demand analysis uses the price pattern based on the key area in the price analysis. The supply and demand analysis is the simple and straightforward price pattern analysis. In addition, the demand supply zone can be used as the support resistance too. We demonstrate how to use the demand supply zone as the support resistance in this book. Supply and demand trading does not require any complicated technical indicators or math skills. However, it purely focuses on the price itself. As it is the effective tool for your trading, I believe that many people will love to have this technical analysis on their toolbox. My latest book tends to be easier to read as I put a lot of effort to find the simplest explanation as possible. This book is easy to read too. In addition to the supply and demand analysis, this book covers other technical analysis in brief. This will help you to compare the supply and demand analysis with other technical analysis. However, this does not mean that this book is comprehensive to explain all the technical analysis in details. If you are looking to explore other technical analysis in details outside the supply and demand analysis, then I will recommend reading my previous books. In the list below, I put the easy to read book on top. Try to read the easy to read book first and try to read the harder book later to improve your trading and investment. · Technical Analysis in Forex and Stock Market (Supply and Demand Analysis and Support Resistance) · Science Of Support, Resistance, Fibonacci Analysis, Harmonic Pattern, Elliott Wave and X3 Chart Pattern (In Forex and Stock Market Trading) · Profitable Chart Patterns in Forex and Stock Market (Fibonacci Analysis, Harmonic Pattern, Elliott Wave, and X3 Chart Pattern) · Guide to Precision Harmonic Pattern Trading (Mastering Turning Point Strategy for Financial Trading) · Scientific Guide to Price Action and Pattern Trading (Wisdom of Trend, Cycle, and Fractal Wave) · Predicting Forex and Stock Market with Fractal Pattern (Science of Price and Time)